Enska

Orðasafn 2007, 2. útg.

Stefán Helgi Valsson safnaði

Efnisinnihald Efnisinnihald ............................................................................................................. 1 Víkingatímabilið (789- ca. 1300) ......................................................................... 2 Landnám, Íslenska þjóðveldið, þingsamkoma á þingvöllum ........ 3 Ísland undir erlendri stjórn - stjórnmálaflokkar ...................... 3 Trú & kirkja.............................................................................................................. 5 Lífið fyrr á öldum ................................................................................................. 5 Einokunartímabilið (1602-1787) ......................................................................... 6 Flekakenningin ....................................................................................................... 6 Eldfjöll......................................................................................................................... 7 Eldvirkni og hraunmyndanir ...................................................................... 7 Jarðhiti og nýting ................................................................................................. 8 Steingerfingar......................................................................................................... 9 Jöklar og Ís................................................................................................................ 9 Villt spenndýr á Íslandi ................................................................................... 10 Hvalir og hvalveiðar........................................................................................ 10 Lax ................................................................................................................................. 11 Fuglar og fuglabjörg ...................................................................................... 11 Íslensku húsdýrin ................................................................................................ 12

Hestur 12 Hestalitir 12 Sheep 13

Húsdýr ýmislegt .................................................................................................... 13 Gróður og plöntur .......................................................................................... 13 Landgræðsla ......................................................................................................... 14 Skógrækt ................................................................................................................. 14 Umhverfisvernd.................................................................................................... 15 Umhverfismál .......................................................................................................... 15 Atvinnulíf ................................................................................................................. 15

Fiskitegundir, skeljar, krabbar og samsett orð 15 Sjávarútvegur 16 Landbúnaður 17 Iðnaður 18 Ferðaþjónusta 18 Orkumál 19

Þjóðfélagið............................................................................................................... 19 Listir ............................................................................................................................. 20 Veðurfar................................................................................................................... 20 Fornbókmenntir og Íslensku handritin .............................................. 20 Skólar ........................................................................................................................ 21 Að segja sögu .......................................................................................................... 22 Nokkrar góðar vefsíður ............................................................................. 23

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Víkingatímabilið (789 til u.þ.b. 1300) athafna sig á sjó - manoeuvre on the sea ásatrú – pagan belief Ásatrúarfélagið – Asa fait society áttaviti - compass áveðurs - leeward side -bólstadr (Isbister), eastern farm bólusótt - plague brynja - chainmail coat brýni - whetstone -by, farmstead dauðadómur – capital punishment, death sentence. Líkamleg refsing s.s. húðstrýking – corporal punishment erfðaákvæði - customary inheritance Ermasund - English Channel -ey, island eyðilegging - destruction fara í víking - Viking raids farsótt - epidemic fámennisstjórn - oligarchy (Alþingi) fjöldagröf - mass burial ground fjörður - fjord -ford, fjord fornleifauppgröftur - excavation frumbyggi - native Grímur Kamban, Norwegian - first settler in the Faeroes (825) handritaskinn (kálfskinn) - vellum Hávamál - the sayings of the High One, ethical teachings attributed to Odin heiðingi – pagan, heathen heiðni - paganism heimamundur - bride-price Heimskringla - the epic history of the kings of Norway Helluland - Slab Land (Baffin Island) hertogadæmi - duchy (of Normandy) hirð - king’s retinue -holm, islet Hús sem voru hálf grafin í jörðu - sunken-floored hut/house/building Höfðingi - chieftain iðnaðarmaður - craftsman

Í víking - someone who plunders írskur skinnbátur - currach or curragh jarl - Earl (of Orkney) járn (rauð-, bog iron kaleikur - chalice kaupmaður – merchant, trader kaþólskur kross - Crucifix kirkjuhöfuðból - ecclesiastical centre knörr - knarr konungdæmi - Monarchy konungsætt – king’s dynasty kristni - Christianity landkönnuður - explorer Landnámabók - The Book of Settlements landþrengsli - land shortage langskip – long-ship leiguliði (í hernaði) - mercenary Markland - woodland (Labrador) manntal - census miðaldir - medieval munkaklaustur - Monastery munkur - monk næla - brooch ofbeldi - violence Ragnarök - final cataclysm of the world ræna og ruppla – pillage / plunder sáttargerðamaður - intermediary segl - sail siglingafræðingur - navigator siglingatæki - navigational equipment siglingatækni - navigational skills sigur - victory, conquer sjófært skip – sea worthy ship skáld - skalds, court poets skandinavískur - Scandinavian, someone from Norway, Sweden and Denmark (sometimes Iceland and Faeroe Islands) Skotland - a kingdom established in 973 due to Viking influence skurðgoð - wooden icon skreyting - ornament smælingi, almúgamaður - peasant spjótsoddur - spearhead

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stríðsmaður - warrior sverð (víkinga) - double-edged longsword sverðhandfang - hilt sverðslíður - scabbard sæfari - seafarer tap - defeat -thorpe, outlying farm -thveit (Brackenthwaite), bracken clearing -tun (Grimston), village útlegð - exile valdabarátta - power struggle valkyrjur - Valkyries, female demigods veðurhani á skipsmastri - weather vane verslunarferð - trade voyage Vinland - Wine Land (Nova Scotia) virki - fortress víkingagröf - Viking burial mound víkingaöld - Viking Age víkingur – Viking Pólstjarnan – Polar Star Goði – chieftain, principal, parliamentarian vörn - defence -wick, bay (Reykjavík) ævintýraþrá - sense of adventure Landnám, Íslenska þjóðveldið, þingsamkoma á þingvöllum brottvísun úr landi - exile búð (á Þingvöllum) - booth, camp dauðadómur - death sentence, corporal punishment dómsstig - court level dómstóll - court of law dómsvald - judicial power dómur - sentence foringi - leader forseti - president framkvæmdavald - executive power goði - principal, parliamentarian, chieftain Grágás - Grey Goose law book (1117) hæstiréttur - high court, supreme court, court of appeal Írskir einsetumenn - Irish hermits Íslendingabók - Book of Icelanders

Íslenska þjóðveldið – the Icelandic Commonwealth konungsdæmi - kingdom konungur - king landnám - settlement landnámsöld - Age of the Settlement lögbók - law book, Grágás 1117. löggjafavald - legislative power lögsögumaður - Law Speaker, legislator lýðveldi - republic munnleg varðveisla laganna - oral preservation of the law nýlenda - colony öndvegissúlur - high-seat pillars Papar - ‘fathers’ so called by the Vikings ráðgefandi vald - advisory authority (power) refsingar - punishment réttdræpur - lawful execution ríki - state rómantíska stefnan - romantic-movement, romanticism sekt – (pay) repair sjálfstæði - independence, autonomy sjálfstæðisbarátta - drive (fight) for independence skinnbátur (írskur) - currach skógargangur - outlaw söguöld - The Saga Age (930-1030) stjórnarskrá - constitution þjóðþing - national assembly, parliament Þjóðveldi - The Icelandic Commonwealth (930-1262) Ísland undir erlendri stjórn - stjórnmálaflokkar Alþingi - Parliament atkvæðisgreiðsla - voting / ballot efri deild - upper house flokkur - party

- Alþýðubandalag - People’s Alliance

- Alþýðuflokkur - Social Democratic Party

- Borgaraflokkur - Citizen’s Party

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- Framsóknarflokkur - Progressive Party

- Frjálslyndir hægri - Liberal Conservatives

- Kvennalisti - Women’s Alliance - Sjálfstæðisflokkur -

Independence Party - Samfylkingin – Alliance - Vinstri grænir – Left-Green

Movement forseti - President forseti hæstaréttar - President of the High Court (Supreme Court) frambjóðandi - candidate frelsi - freedom frumvarp - parliamentary bill Hagstofa Íslands – Statistics Iceland handhafi forsetavalds - President’s Deputy Heimastjórnin (1904-1918) – Home rule heimsstyrjöldin, síðari - Second World War (WWII) heimstyrjöldin, fyrri - First World War (WWI) hervernd - military protection hreppur - rural district, parish iðnfyrirtæki - industry, manufacturing enterprises Innréttingarnar - the Industrial Experiment (1751) kaupstaður - town kjördæmi - constituency kjörgengur - eligible to vote konungdæmi - kingdom kosningaréttur - eligibility, the right to vote, voting rights kostningaþátttaka - turnout / participation landfógeti - sheriff (Skúli Magnússon, father of Reykjavík) lýðræði - democracy lýðveldi - republic (á Íslandi er Social Democratic Republic) mannréttindi - human rights málstofa - chamber meiri, minnihluti - majority, minority neðri deild - lower house neitunarvald - veto nýlenda - colony

pólitískur leiðtogi - political leader ráðherra - Minister (Cabinet Minister)

- forsætisráðherra - Prime Minister - dóms og kirkjumála - Minister of

justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs - fjármála - Minister of Finance - menntamála - Minister of

Education - sjávarútvegs - Minister of

Fisheries - umhverfis - Minister for the

Environment - utanríkis - Minister of Foreign

Affairs - félagsmála – Minister of Social

Affairs ráðherrar í ríkistjórn – Cabinet Ministers / Members of the Cabinet ríkisstjóri - Governor General ríkisstjórn - government / cabinet rómantíska stefnan - romantic movement sambandsstjórn við Danmörku 1918-1944 – union treaty sameiningartákn - symbol of unity samsteypustjórn - coalition government sjálfsstjórn (1918) - sovereignty sjálfstæði - independence sjálfstæðisbarátta - the drive (struggle, fight) for independence sjálfstæðishetja - Jón Sigurðsson, leader of the drive for Independence skjaldarmerki - coat of arms

- landvættir - land wights / guardian spirits

- gammur – vulture (griffon) - griðungur - bull - dreki - dragon - risi - giant

stjórnarskrá - constitution (1874, King Christian the 9th) stjórnmálaflokkur - political party sýsla - administrative district, region, county tillaga - motion / proposal þingbundin stjórn - constitutional government

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þingmaður - Member of the Parliament þingsályktun - parliamentary resolution þjóðaratkvæðagreiðsla - (national) referendum þorp - village þorp, sjávar - seaside village utanþingstjórn - Cabinet composed of non-members of Parliament vantraust - vote of no confidence verðbólga – inflation þjóðfáni Íslands – Icelandic national flag (June 17, 1944) Þjóðfundurinn (1951) – The National Convention of 1951 Trú & kirkja abbadís – abbess ábóti - abbot Ásatrúarfélagið – Asa faith society altaristafla - altar piece altaristafla með þremur vængjum -triptych altaristafla með vængjum - two side panels bagall – crozier biskup – bishop biskup, vígslubiskup eða aðstoðarbiskup - suffragan biskupsdæmi - episcopal see biskupsstóll - bishopric (Hólar og Skálholt) djákni - deacon dýrðlingur - saint gips - plaster, used at Holar in the altar piece kaleikur - chalice kapella - chapel kirkja - church kirkja þar sem biskup situr - cathedral kirkjujörð – church farm kirkjuklukka - church bell kléberg - soapstone klukknahlið - lychgate konungsjörð – king’s land kór - choir kristniboðar - Christian missionaries kross - cross en annars crucifix í Kaþólsku krossfesting - crucifixion

ljósakróna - chandelier menntasetur - seat of learning mósaíklistaverk - mosaic obláta - paten passíusálmar - passion-hymns, passion-psalms pína Krists á krossinum - Jesus’ suffering on the cross postuli – apostle (12 apostles) predikunarstóll - pulpit prestshempa - cloak príorína - sálmaskáld - writer of hymns siðaskipti - reformation skírnarfontur - baptismal font sóknarkirkja - parish church steindir gluggar - stained-glass windows steinlíkista, biskupsins á Skálhoti 1211 - sarcophagus tíund - tithe (10% income tax 1097, changed to 1% property tax to even the income for the church, even during bad farming years) vígslubiskup – suffragan vígð kirkja – consecrated church víðgður prestur – ordained priest Lífið fyrr á öldum askur – (traditional) wooden eating bowl baðstofa - living room and bedroom in an Icelandic farmhouse beintöflur - chess pieces made of bone burstabær - gabled farmhouse faldur - headdress fjalir - slats fornleifafundur - archaeological remains hekla - crochet holhýsi - dugout hólkur - cylinder kemba (ull) - comb, tease, card kistill – (wooden) chest kuml - pagan grave langskáli - longhouse lýsislampi - oil lamp peysuföt - Sunday clothes rokkur - spinning wheel

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rúmfjöl - bed board skautbúningur - Icelandic festival costume for women skotthúfa - cap with teasel skúfur - tassel spinna (ull) - spin tafl - chess þjóðbúningur - national costume timburþiljur - timber partitions, panelling torfbær - turf farm torfhleðsla - turf laying torfhleðsla með streng – herring fish bone pattern tunnustafur – et. stave, fl. staves upphlutur - every-day dress útsaumur - embroidery vefstaður - upright loom vefstóll - loom Einokunartímabilið (1602-1787) arðrán - exploitation einokunartímabilið - the Danish trade monopoly (1602-1787) keramík - ceramic, pottery maðkað - infested with maggots maðkur - maggots morkinn - rotten saltfiskur - salt fish silfur - silver skrautmunir - ornaments skreið - dried fish selstöðuverslun - tóbakspungur - snuff box úldið - foul ullarafurðir - woolen products ullarvettlingar - woolen mittens ullarvörur - woollens verslunarhverfi - trading area, trade precinct verslunarstaður - trading post vöruskipti - barter

Flekakenningin 1. gliðnun - divergent plate boundary (margin) 2. plötumót - convergent plate boundary (margin) 3. sniðgeng plötumót - transform plate boundary (margin) aldursgreining - dating Atlantshaf - Atlantic Ocean Atlantshafshryggur - Mid-Atlantic Ridge berg – rock berghlaup - rockfall bergmylsna – grinded rock, grounded rock djúpberg – plutonic rock djúpsjávarrenna - deep-sea trench eldvirkni – volcanic activity eyjabogi – archipelago (Vestm. eyar?) fellingafjöll – fold mountains flekakenningin - plate tectonics theory (British scientists, 1965) gjá (Þingvellir) - ravine, rift, canyon, fissure heitur reitur - hot spot iðustraumar - convection currents (in the mantle) jarðskjálfti – earthquake jarðskorpa – Earth’s crust jarðskorpufleki – tectonic plate landgrunn – Iceland’s land shelf landrek – continental drift landrekskenningin - continental drift theory (Alfred Wegener, 1915) kvika - magma kvikuhólf – magma chamber kvikustrókur – mantle plume misgengi - fault mótun - formation möttull – mantle möttulstrókur – mantle plume that causes convection currents that push continents apart rekbelti – (continental) drift zone rekhryggur – sig - subsidence sigdæld / sigdalur - normal fault, graben, rift valley, pull-apart basin skorpuflekar – crust plates

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uppstreymi – up well úthafshryggur – ocean ridge þverbrotabelti - transcurrent fault Eldfjöll askja - caldera (Askja) dyngja - shield volcano (Skjaldbreið) eldborg – ring-walled crater eldfjall – volcano eldhryggur – volcanic ridge eldkeila – stratovolcano (Hekla) fallgígur – collapsed crater, implosion crater e.i., the opposite of an explosion crater klepra- og gjallgígur – splatter- and scoria crater sprengigígaröð – explosive crater row sprengigígur – explosion crater (Víti) stapi - table mountain (Herðubreið) virkt eldfjall - active volcano (10.000yrs) megineldstöð – central volcano Eldvirkni og hraunmyndanir aldursgreining - dating apalhraun - aa-lava. This is a Polynesian (Hawaiian) word and means ‘to burn’. askja – caldera (Askja) aska - ash basalt – basalt basískt berg – basalt rock berg - rock berg, ísúrt - intermediate rock berg, súrt - acid rock bergbráð – molten magma berggangur – dyke blandgos – mixed (product) eruptions blágrýti - basalt bólstraberg – pillow lava bólstrabrotaberg – pillow brechia? djúpberg – plutonic rock dyngjugos – shield volcano eruption eggjagrjót – eldborg – ring-walled crater eldgos – volcanic eruption

eldgosabelti – volcanic zone eldstöð – volcano, place of volcanic activity eldstöðvakerfi – volcanic system eldfjallaaska – volcanic ash eldhryggur – volcanic ridge eldkeila – volcanic cone (Keilir) eldtunga - flame eldvarp – small crater? eldvirkni – volcanism, volcanic activity geislakolsaðferð - C14 (carbon) dating gerð eldfjalls - type of volcano gerfigígur – pseudo crater (pseudo comes from Greek and means ´false or fake´) gígaröð – crater series gígur - crater gjall - tephra gjósa (eldfjall) - erupt gígtappi – volcanic plug gjósa (hver) – spout gjóskugígur – tephra crater (cone) gliðnun – rift / spread gosaska – volcanic ash gosbelti - volcanic zone gosefni - volcanic material, magma gosgufa – volcanic fume (gasses) goshver – geyser, spouting geothermal hot spring goshrina – volcanic episode gosmökkur – eruption ash plume gosórói – magma seismic activity gossprunga – volcanic fissure gosstrókur - eruption column gostíðni – eruption frequency grágrýti - grey basalt helluhraun – pahoehoe. This is a Polynesian word and means ‘to paddle’– sbr. rákirnar í hrauninu. hornréttur - right angled / perpendicular hrafntinna – obsidian, jet stone, pitch stone (black glass) hraun – lava hraun, bolli - depression hraun, drýli – hornido hraun, flygsa - splatter hraun, hellir – tubular lava cave hraun, hryggur – lava ridge hraun, kólna – cool

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hraun, kúlur – lava bombs hraun, storknun – solidify hraun, tjörn – lava pond, lava lake hraun, þunnfjlótandi - low viscosity hraun, þykkfljótandi - high viscosity hraunbomba - volcanic bomb hraunbrún - lava edge, escarpment hraunrennsli - lava flow hraunhellir – tubular lava cave hraunskvetta - volcanic splash, volcanic spray hraunstraumur - lava flow hraunyfirborð - lava surface innskot - intrusive rock, volcanic dike ísöld - Ice-Age jarðskjálftamælir - seismometer jarðskjálftaspá - earthquake forecast jarðskjálftastærð - magnitude jarðskjálfti - earthquake ker – crater lake kísill – silica kísilsýra - quartz SiO kolefni - carbon kvikuhólf - magma reservoir kvikuþró - magma chamber líparít - rhyolite megineldstöð - central volcano móberg - palagonite (tuff) móbergshryggur – palagonite ridge nútími - modern times or post-glacial times (10.000) setmyndun – fluvial deposits (í á eða vatni) sprunga – fissure (ravine, crack, normal fault) sprunguhraun – fissure eruption lava field sprungusveimur - fissure swarm steingerfast - fossilise steingerfingur - fossil steinbogi – natural arch storknun – solidify, solidification stuðlaberg - columnar basalt, hexagonal basalt columns styrkleiki jarðskjálfta - strenght (Richter- scale) súrt berg – acid rock (rhyolite), has a high content of silica. surtarbrandur - lignite

tertíer - tertiary age vikur - pumice vikurstrókur - column of pumice virkt eldfjall - active volcano (10.000yrs) yfirborðsberg – surface rock öskulagatímatal – tephrochronological timescale (Sigurður Þórarinsson) öskufall - shower of ash Jarðhiti og nýting bergæð - igneous vein brennisteinn - sulphur einangra hitalögn - insulate goshver - spouting spring gospípa - vent gossúla - gosstrókur grænmeti - vegetables grænmeti, tomatoes, cucumbers and roses gróðurhús - greenhouse gróðurhúsaframleiðsla – greenhouse production such as tomatoes, cucumbers and roses grunnvatn – water table gufustrókur - steam column háhitasvæði – high temperature area (+250 degrees Celsius) heitur reitur – hot spot hitaveita – geothermal heating system hvellsuða – instant, flash boiling hver – geothermal hot spring hverahrúður - sinter hverahrúðurgýgur - sinter crater jarðhitaborhola - geothermal bore-hole jarðhitasvæði – geothermal area (Geysir) jarðhiti - geothermal heat /energy jarðlög – layers jarðskjálfti – earthquake, tremor kísill – silica kolsýra – CO2, carbonate kvars - quartz landmótun - geomorphology laxeldi - salmon farming lághitasvæði – low temperature area leiða heitt vatn - pipe hot water leirhver – solfatara, fumarole

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móberg – tuff, palagonite tuff (móbergs)stapi – table mountain móbergskeila – tuff cone myndbreyting - alteration myndbreytt berg – altered rock notagildi - use nýta - utilise strokka - to churn strokkur - butter churn suðumark - boiling temperature sundlaug - swimming pool þvermál - diameter ummyndað berg – altered rock upphitun húsa - space heating uppleyst berg – dissolved rock upplýst gróðurhús - artificial lighting útfelling – precipitation, secondary mineral, amygdule ölkelda – carbonated (natural) spring Steingerfingar bergtegund - rock geislasteinn - zeolite glerhallur - kalsilite holrými í bergi - cavern, cavity, hole holufyllingar - deposition, amygdule, secondary minerals hrafntinna - jet stone, pitch stone, obsidian jaspis - jasper kalk - lime kolefni - carbon kristall - crystal silfurberg - Iceland spar steintegund - mineral súrefni - oxygen útfelling - precipitation Jöklar og Ís á, dragá – direct run off river

á, lindá – spring fed river á, jökulá – glacier river

aurstrýtur á jökli - dirt cones ákoma – precipitation (rain & snow)

ákomusvæði – accumulation area berggrunnur - bedrock bergvatnssá - spring fed river bráðnunarsvæði – ablation area / melt area drágá - main river (surface water river) fokjarðvegur - loess foksandur – drifting sand frost fleygun -

frost, lifting – frost lifting frost, veðrun – frost weathering, f. erosion

fjallaskarð (fyrir umferð) – mountain pass grettistak - erratic boulder, rock grýlukerti - icicle hnjúkaþeyr – firn wind hvalbak - roche moutonnée (Borgarfjörður), whalebacks are more streamlined hveljökull – ice cap (t.d. Vatnajökull) innræn bráðnun – sub glacial melting / draining ís – heimskauta – Ice field (in the sea)

ís – jaki – iceberg (ís sem hefur brotnað frá jökli út í sjó. Einnig Jökulsárlón) ís – lagnaðar – ice bound ís – rek – drift ice (í brotum) ís – rek - ice floe (samhang. fljótandi ís)

ísaldarmenjar – remains from the glacial period ísöld - Ice Age (Pleistosene). Litla ísöld – little Ice Age jafnvægi - equilibrium jöklabúskapur – glacier balance jöklafræðingur - glaciologist jökulá - glacial river jökulgarður – moraine, terminal moraine or end moraine jökulhetta - ice-cap, ice-sheet jökulhlaup - subglacial run-off (flood) jökulhvel - ice-sheet jökulruðningur – glacial debris jökulskeið – period of glaciation jökulsker – glacier free ridge on a mountain jökull - glacier

jökull, dalur - valley glacier jökull, fall - falling glacier jökull, kjarni – englacial jökull, skrið - creeping glacier jökull, rák – streak, mark

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jökull, undir jökli – subglacial jökull, tunga – glacier snout jökull, yfirborð – supraglacial

jökulgerðir – 3 glacier classes - á Íslandi – subpolar glaciers - við heimskautin – polar glaciers - við miðbaug – temperate glaciers

jökullón - glacier lagoon (Jökulsárlón) jökulrani - medial moraine jökulrof - glacial erosion jökulsprungur – crevasses jökulurðar- rif/grynningar – terminal moraine shoal (Hvalfjarðargöng) kelfing – calving (parts break off the ice, sbr. Jökulsárlón, Grænland) kuldaskeið - malarhjallar – gravel terraces (were once below sea level – eustasi) mannbroddar - crampons, spikes, cleats meðalhiti - mean temperature melatíglar – stone polygons minnka - retreat móta - shape, form nútími – recent time (Holocene, sl. 10.000 ár) = postglacial period) rúst (í freðmýri) – palsa (bog), pingo sífreri – permafrost sífreri (undir jarðefni, t.d. við jökla) – dead ice / stagnant ice sjávarstöðubreytingar - sea level changes (eustasi) sjávarstaða hækkar – transgress sjávarstaða lækkar – regress sjávarhamrar – sea cliff sjávarrof – sea erosion (wave erosion) skessusæti – formed by cirque (corrie, coire) glacier skríða fram – advance snjó-bíll - snowmobile

snjó-sleði – snow scooter, ski-doo snjó-troðari - snowcat

snælína – snow line sjávarsetlög – marine sediments / deposits stækka - advance sverfa land - erode (grind down) uppgufun - evaporation

urðarani – esker (original word was ‘eiscir’ and meant ‘ridge’ in Irish) þúfa - tussock, hummock veðrátta - climate vélsleði - snow scooter, ski-doo Villt spenndýr á Íslandi að kelfa - calve, make pregnant afbrigði - variety bægsli - flipper Golfstraumur – Gulf Stream hagamús – wood mouse heimkynni - habitat hreindýrskálfur - calf hreyfar - seal flippers, fins hvalur - whale kæpa - give birth to the young one kópur - seal pup landselur – common seal látur - weaning place minkur – mink. (m) boar, (f) sow, (young) kits or cub pólstraumur - polar stream (current) refur – arctic fox rostungur - walrus selur - seal snoðhár - close hair útselur – grey seal Hvalir og hvalveiðar Alþjóða Hvalveiðiráðið - The International Whaling Commission andanefja - northern bottlenose áta, dýrasvif - zoo plankton bægsli - fins búrhvalslýsi – sperm whale oil búrhvalur - sperm whale fæða (hvalir) - give birth to a calf grænlandssléttbakur - Greenland right whale háhyrningur - great killer whale (Keiko) heimkynni - habitat hnísa - harbour porpoise

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hnúfubakur - humpback whale hnýðingur - white-beaked dolphin hrefna - minke whale hvala, ætt - family hvala, undirættbálkur - sub-order hvalur - whale íslandssléttbakur - Norther right whale kýr - cow langreyður - fin whale leiftur - white-sided dolphin lungu - lungs marsvín - long finned pilot whale meðganga - gestation mjaldur - beluga mjólkandi kýr - lactating cow náhvalur - narwal (unicorn whale) ofveiði (fiska) - over fishing ofveiði hvala – over hunting öndunarop - blowhole pilshaldari - crinoline sandreyður - sei whale sjávarspendýr - sea mammal skíði - baleen skíðishvalur - baleen whale (mysticeti) speni - teat sporður - tail or fluke steypireyður - blue whale tannhvalur - toothed whale (odontoceti) útdauður - extinct veiðibann (fiskur) - fishing ban (restriction) veiðibann (hvalir) - hunting ban Lax að hrygna - to spawn að rækta laxveiðiá - to farm a river aðlögun að sjó - smoltification bleikja - char bragðskyn - sence of taste eins árs fiskur í sjó sem kemur aftur í ána - grilse, hoplax fiskur sem lifir í am en hrygnir í sjó - catadromous fiskur sem lifir í sjó en hrygnir í ám - andromous gönguseiði (á leið í sjó) - smolt

hængur - male salmon/trout hafbeit - sea cage ranching hrogn - roe hrygna - female salmon/trout kreista lax - squeeze (in order to fertilize already spawned roes) kviðpoki - yolk sack land- eða strandeldi - land-based farming laxastigi - fish pass, ladder laxaveiði - salmon fishing laxeldi - salmon farming lyktarskyn - sense of smell murta - myrtle (endemic to L. Þinvallavatn) netaveiði - net fishing rata aftur í sömu á - navigate by smell regnbogasilungur - rainbow trout sjóbleikja - sea-run char sjóurriði - sea-run, brown trout smáseiði (enn í ánum) - parr stangaveiði - angling svil - milt urriði - trout vatnableikja - land-locked char vatnaurriði - land-locked, brown trout veiðifélag - angling club Fuglar og fuglabjörg bjargfugl - cliff bird dúntekja – down collection / harvest egg - egg einkenni – identification characteristics, distinctive features farfugl - migratory bird fargestur - migrant flækingur - vagrant bird fuglabjarg - bird nesting cliff fuglsungi - nestling bird or chick hreiður - nest lundahola - puffin hole (burrow) mávur - seagull ránfugl - bird of prey rjúpa í vetrarbúningi – ptarmigan in winter plumage spörfugl - passerine, sparrow staðfugl - non-migratory bird

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sylla í bjargi - ledge unga út - hatch vaðfugl - shorebird, wader varpfugl - nesting bird vatnafugl - waterfowl, lake bird verpa - nest, lay eggs æðarækt – eider duck down farming Íslensku húsdýrin Hestur blóðheitur - hot tempered, fiery burtreiðar - jousting einkenni - qualities, features, characteristics fax - mane folald - foal foli – young stallion fótviss - sure-footed gæðingur - outstanding riding horse gangtegund - gait gangur, brokk - trot gangur, fet - walk gangur, skeið - pace gangur, stökk - gallop gangur, tölt - tolt (fast or slow four beat gait and very smooth) geðslag – characteristics (strong, good natured, sure footed and resilient). geldingur – gelding, castrated horse gjörð – harness graðhestur - stallion herðakambur - point of shoulder hestabúgarður (GB) - horse farm hestabúgarður (US) - ranch, stud farm hestakyn - horse breed hestaleiga – horse rental hestamannafélag - riding club hestamennska - horsemanship hestastóð – heard of horses hestur (kk) – horse hófhlífar – hoof protection hóftunga - frog hrossaræktarfélag - horse breeding society hrossatað – horse manure

hryssa - mare ístað - stirrup ístaðsólar – stirrup harness járna – shoe a horse kyn - sex kynbæta - breed kynblanda - breeding kynbótaræktun - breeding lend – hip lénsherra - feudal lord mél – ökli á hesti – hock pískur – whip prjóna – ratvís - sense of direction reiðgata – (UK) bridle path, (US) riding track reiðkennari – riding coach, trainer rólyndur - calm sæðingastöð – breeding station skapgóður - good natured, gentle, good temperament skeifa – horse shoe skyldleikaræktun - inbreeding söðull – Icelandic saddle, English saddle, Western saddle stóðhestur - stallion, stud tagl – tail taumur - bridle þol - endurance þolinn - stamina þolreið - endurance race upprétt eyru - upright ears, straight ears útreiðahestur - riding horse útrýming - extinction vagnhestur - cart horse valræktun - selective breeding viðhalda stofni - maintaining the breed /line Hestalitir bleikur - yellow dun dreyrrauður - blood chestnut jarpskjóttur - skewbald (bay) jarpur - bay leirljós - pale dun, dun

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leirljós (dekkri) - palomino ljósjarpur - light bay ljósrauður - light chestnut móálóttur - blue dun rauðblesóttur - chestnut with a blaze rauðjarpur - red bay rauðskjóttur – piebald rauður - chestnut sótrauður - dark chestnut svartblesóttur - skewbald (red) Sheep að taka slátur – make offal almenningur – every man’s pen blóðmör – blood pudding forystufé – lead sheep / head sheep fjárhús – sheep shed fráfærur - weaned sheep göngur – round-up hyrnt (fé) - horned sheep kollótt (fé) - polled sheep (without horns) tog - coarse wool lifrarpylsa – liver sausage ratvís – homing sheep (pigeon) reka á fjall - drive the sheep to the mountain summer pastures réttir – sorting the sheep in the sheep pen rýja - sheep shearing sauðburður - lambing season sauðfé - sheep (et.) sheep (fl.t.) sláturtíð – slaughter time smala - sheep round up smali – sheep herder stuttrófufé - short-tailed sheep þel - fine wool upprekstur – drive the sheep to the mountain summer pastures veiki riðuveiki – scapie (an infectious, usually fatal brain disease of sheep) mæðiveiki – sheep rot (infectious adenomatosis of the lungs) fjárkláði – veðurglöggur - weatherwise

Húsdýr ýmislegt hringuð rófa (Ísl. hunds) – coiled / round tail hundakyn - dog breed hundaræktarbú - dog breeding kennel hundur – dog, canine húsdýr – farm animals, domestic animals hani – cock hæna – hen hænsnarækt – poultry farming, chicken farming hænuungi – chick kalkúnn - turkey svín – pig, swine svín: gylta – sow svín: göltur – boar svínabú – pork farm kjúkklingabú – poultry farm hænsni – poultry Yfirdýralæknir – Chief Veterinary Officer Gróður og plöntur aðflutt tegund – imported species (exotic s.) auðkenni - characteristics berfrævingur - gymnosperm byrkningur - fern, bracken einkímblöðungur - monocotyledon erlend/framandi tegund – exotic species fjöldi - number fokgjarn - easily airborne foksandur – drift sand gras/grös - grass, grasses grasagarður – botanic garden (Grasagarðurinn í Reykjavík / Akureyri) grasafræði – botany grasafræðingur – botanist grasnyt – yield of hey (from a field) gróðureyðing - soil erosion gróðurþekja - vegetation cover (carpet) hafstraumur - ocean current, sea current or stream háplanta - higher plant, vascular plant innlend tegund – indigenous species

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innlend tegund (sem ekki finnst annarstaðar í heiminum) – endemic jarðvegur – soil jarðvegseyðing / uppblástur – soil erosion kolagerð - making of charcoal laus jarðvegur - loose soil loftstraumur - airflow, air current lyng - heather mosafræði - bryology mosafræðingur – bryologist norðlægur - northerly ofbeit - overgrazing orsök - cause rekaviður - driftwood gróðurþekja – soil cover

- rofin – broken - viðkvæm - vulnerable

sár - erosion marks skordýr - insect skrúðgarður – public park (Kjarvalsstaðir) stör/starir – reed (et.), reeds (flt.) tegund – species (eins í et. og flt.) tegundafæð - low number of species tvíkímblöðungur - dicotyledon vaxtartími - growing season, period of growth verðrátta - climate versnandi – worsening Landgræðsla áburður – fertilizer (often animal manure) fjárbeit - grazing frjókorn - pollen girða land - fence the land, enclose girðing - fence hrísla - shrub köfnunarefni (N) – nitrogen kolagerð - charcoal burning Landgræðsla ríkisins – Soil Conservation Service of Iceland landgræðsluskógur - lúpína - (Alaska) lupine melgresi - Lyme grass, Blue lyme grass, Sea Lyme grass, Blue wild rye, Sand wild rye, European dune grass

moldarbarð - escarpment rimlahlið á vegi – cattle grid / sheep piano sandgræðsla – soil reclamation on sand sauðfjárveikigirðing – decease barrier uppblástur - wind erosion veðrátta - climate (weather) Skógrækt Alaskaösp – black cottonwood að kolast - carbonise ættkvísl (plantna) - genus barrtré - conifer beyki - beach tree blæösp – (European aspen) eik - oak einir - juniper fléttur - lichen fræ - seed fræ - seed fura - pine græðlingur - cutting græðlingur - cutting greni - spruce hlynur - maple, sycamore kjarr - brush, shrubs lárviður - laurel laufskógabelti - deciduous tree area lauftré - deciduous tree (fella laufin á veturna) lerki - larch loftslag - climate mosi - moss ösp - aspen plöntutegund – species (eins í et. og flt.) reynitré – rowan tree risafura - giant pine runni - bush ryðja land - clear the land skógrækt - forestry Skógrækt ríkisins – The Icelandic Forestry Service skógur - woodland (forest, wood) steingerfingur - fossil þörungur - algae trjástofn - tree-trunk víðir - willow

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Umhverfisvernd fólkvangur – country park friðland – nature reserve gróðurhúsaáhrif - greenhouse effect hlýnun jarðar - global warming náttúruminjar – sites of special interest náttúrusinni – nature conservationist náttúruvætti – natural monument / protected natural phenomena náttúruvernd – nature conservation / protection Náttúruverndaráð – Nature Conservation Agency önnur friðuð svæði – other protected areas sjáfbær þróun - sustainable development sjálfbær ferðamennska - sustainable tourism þjóðgarður - national park útivistarsvæði - outdoor recreational area Umhverfismál dælustöð - pumping station endurvinnsla (-nýting) – recycling fast efni - solid waste frárennsli - sewerage frárennsliskerfi / holræsakerfi - sewerage system ( the system of removing and dealing with waste matter and water through sewers- RVK is a town with a modern sewerage system holræsi – sewer skolp –sewage / sewarage sorp – waste / rubbish /litter sorphreinsun - waste collection / waste management strandlengja - coastline (Sewerage in Reykjavík is pumped 5.5 km out to the sea ) urða - bury urðunarstaður - landfill site

Atvinnulíf Fiskitegundir, skeljar, krabbar og samsett orð áll – (European) eel beitukóngur - whelk beitusíld - herring bait blágóma - jelly cat blálanga - blue ling bogakrabbi – shore crab broddbakur - spine eel búrfiskur - orange roughy djúpkarfi - deep-sea redfish / rosefish gljáháfur - Portuguese shark grálúða - Greenland halibut grásleppa - lumpfish grásleppuhrogn - lumpfish roe gulllax - silver smelt háfur - spiny dogfish hákarl - Greenland shark, gurry shark hákarl-verkaður - putrified shark, rotten shark hámeri - porbeagle hörpudiskplógur - scallop dredge hörpudiskur - scallop hrognkelsi - lumpfish humar - lobster (nephrops norvegicus) humarvarpa - lobster trawl hlýri - spotted catfish ígulker - sea urchin karfalýsi - redfish oil karfamjöl - redfish meal karfi - redfish keila - cusk kolmunni - blue whiting kræklingur – blue mussel (mytilus edulis) langa - ling langhali - grendadier langlúra - witch loðna - capelin loðnunót - capelin purse seine lúða - halibut lýsa - whiting makríll - mackerel náskata - shagreen ray

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rækja - shrimp sandhverfa - turbot sandkoli - dab síld - herring síldarbræðsla - herring smelting factory síldarbryggja - herring-boat pier síldarmjöl – herring fish meal síldarplan - herring yard síldartunna - herring barrel síldveiði - herring fishing skarkoli - plaice skata – common skate / blue skate / grey skate / flapper skate (latin: raja batis) skelfiskur - molluscs steinbítur - catfish stinglax - black scabbardfish svarháfur - black dogfish þorskmöl - cod meal þorskur - cod þykkvalúra - lemon sole tindaskata - starry ray trjónukrabbi – toad crap / sma spider crab ufsi - saithe úthafskarfi - ocean perch, redfish ýsa - haddock Sjávarútvegur aflaverðmæti - catch value afli – catch afskurður - trimmings allar fisktegundir - all fish species annar afli - miscellaneous catch árabátur - rowing boat ástand - condition, state áttæringur – eight oar boat aukaafurðir - by-products bátar - vessels beita - bait botnfiskafli - demersal catch botnfisktegundir - demersal species bottnvarpa - bottom trawl djúpmið - deep-sea fishing bank dragnót - Danish seine dýptarmælir - echo sounder, dept recorder

ferskfiskur - fresh fish fiskafurðir – marine products fiskileitartæki - fish detector equipment fiskimið - fishing ground fiskimjöl - fishmeal fiskiskipaflotinn - the fishing fleet fiskneysla - fish consumption fiskveiðar - fisheries fiskveiðilögsaga - fishing limits / territorial waters fiskverkun – fish processing fjara – low tide fjarlæg mið - distant fishing banks fjármunaeign - capital assets fjármunamyndun - capital gain fjörumaðkur - ? flatfiskur - flatfish flök - fillets flotvarpa - pelagic trawl formaður - captain / skipper / foreman framleiðsla - production frystihús - freezing plant geirnyt - rabbit fish gjölnir - smooth head grasnyt - yield of hey from a field grunnmið - offshore fishing ground hagnýting fiskaflans - disposition of catch hákarlaveiðar - shark fishing Hamborgarar - citizens of Hamburg, Germany handfæri - hand line háseti - deckhand heildarafli - total catch heildarverðmæti - total value heilfrystur - frozen whole herpinót - net that tightens at the neck hertur fiskur - dried fish hlutaskipti - ? hrogn - roe hrognkelsanet - lumpfish gillnet innanlandsneysla - domestic consumption ísað - iced íshús - ice house kaupmaður – merchant krabbadýr - crustaceans kraftblökk - power block kútter - cutter (one mast)

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landhelgi - territorial waters lestir - metric tonnes lifrarmjöl - (cod) liver oil lína - bottom longline lína - line lóð - weights lýsi - fish (cod) liver oil lýsi - fish oil marningur - fish mince net - bottom gillnet net - net, trawl, trawl net niðurlagt - semi-preserved niðursoðið - canned ofveiði – overfishing / overexploitation opinn bátur - open boat (without a deck) reknet - drift net reykt - smoke-cured saltfiskflök - salted fillets saltsíld - salted herring saltfiskur - salted fish sjávarafurðir - marine products sjávarssókn - fishing effort sjófrysting - frozen at sea sjómannaskóli - merchant marine school, maritime college skipategundir - type of vessels skipstjóri - captain / skipper skötuselur - monkfish skrápflúra - American plaice skreið - stock fish, dry fish skreið - stockfish skúta - fishing smack skútuöld - the age of the sailing boats (smacks) slysavarnarfélag - Sea Rescue Services spæringslýsi - Norway pout oil spil á skipi - winch, capstan stjórnun fiskveiða – fish stock management stórkjafta - megrim stýrimaður - helmsman / mate styrjaldarár - war years sumarvertíð - summer season talstöð - radio þilskip - decked vessel þunnildi - belly flap

þurrabúðarmaður (tómthúsmaður) - a tenant farmer with no right to haymaking or access to pastures togari - trawler togari, frysti - freezer trawler togari, síðu - side trawler togari, skut - trawler tólfæringur - twelve-oared boat trilla – small, open motorboat uppsjávarfiskur - pelagic fish úthaldstími - sea time útmánuður - one of the last three months of winter útvegsbóndi - a freeholding farmer who owned and operated a fishing boat útvegsjörð - a freehold with fishing rights veiðarfæri - fishing equipment, f. gear. f. tackle vélstjóri - ship’s engineer verksmiðjuskip - factory ship vermaður - labourer at a fishing station verstöð - (seasonal) fishing station vertíð - fishing season vinnuafl - labour force, manpower Landbúnaður áveituskurður – irrigation ditch dráttarvél - tractor erlendar tegundir - exotic species eyrnarmark - ear mark fjárhús – sheep shed fjós – cowshed fjósbaðstofa – living room upstairs from the cowshed fóðurbætir - food supplement framræsluskurðir - drain ditches fuglarækt – fowl / bird breeding hesthús - stable heybaggar - bales of hay heyrúllur - high-dry matter silage hlaða – barn húsdýr – domestic (ated) animals innlendar tegundir - indigenous species kúa og kindabóndi - mixed husbandry

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kynbætur - breeding (programme) láglendi - lowland landbúnaðartæki - farm machinery laxeldisbú - salmon ranch ljár - scythe mjólkurafurðir – dairy products mjólkurbú - dairy mjólkurframleiðsla kúa - milk yield mjólkurkvóti - milk quota (system) mýrlendi - bog, wetland mysa – whey (milk) refabú - fox pelt farm sauðfjárrækt – sheep farming sel – dairy hut (used in summer) sífreri – permafrost (tundra) skinnaframleiðslubú - pelt farm súrheysturn - silage silo, silage tower svínabú – pork farm, pig farm þúfur - tussocks, hummocks tún, engi – field, homefield, meadow tvílemdar ær - two lambed ewes / twins. Iðnaður áburðarverksmiðja - fertilizer plant/factory að prjóna - to knit að spinna - to spin að vefa - to weave álbræðsla - aluminium smelter atvinnuleysi - unemployment bókbindari - book binder gjaldmiðill – currency / legal tender station halasnælda - spindle heimilisiðnaður - home industries heimskreppa - world depression hlunnindabúskapur – natural resources benefit hugvit – ingenuity / creativity iðnfyrirtæki - industrial firm/company/business járnsmiður - blacksmith kísilgúrverksmiðja - diatomite factory kíslileir – diatomite clay klæðagerð - the making of clothes klæðskeri - tailor

kljásteinn - loom weights líftækniiðnaður - bio-industry matvælaiðnaður - the food and beverage industry mjólkuriðnaður - dairy industry peysa - pullover / sweater / jumper prjónles - knitted goods rokkur - spinning-wheel sementsverksmiðja - cement factory sjálfsþurftarþjóðfélag - self sufficient society skinnaverkun - tanning skósmiður - cobbler / shoemaker söðlasmiður - saddle maker, harness-maker sokkur - sock sölutregða - decline in sales steinsmiður - stone mason sútunarverksmiðja - tanning factory trésmiður - carpenter ullarkambur - wool card ullarvinnsla - wool industry vaðmál - home spun cloth vefstóll - loom veiðarfæragerð - the making of fishing gear / tackle verðfall - price decrease vettlingur – mitten vöruskipti – trade exchange vöruskiptajöfnuður – trade balance Ferðaþjónusta Agenda 21 – staðardagskrá (21. öld) áfangastaður - destination einstaklingsferðir - individual travel fararstjóri – tour- leader / escort / manager ferðaheildsali - tour operator ferðamaður - traveller, guest, visitor, (tourist) ferðamennska - tourism ferðamennska (vistvæn) - ecotourism ferðaskipuleggjandi - tour processor ferðaskrifstofa - travel agency ferðaþjónusta - travel services, travel industry

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fjöldaferðamennska - mass tourism hnattvæðing - globalisation hópstjóri - tour escort, tour manager, tour leader leiðsögumaður - tourist guide margfeldisáhrif – multiplier effect pakkaferðir - fully inclusive tours (FIT) sjálfbær ferðamennska - sustainable tourism sjálfbær þróun - sustainable development skemmtiferðaskip - cruise ship, luxury ocean liner starfsmaður ferðaskrifstofu - travel agent stefnumótun í ferðaþjónustu - white paper on tourism svæðisleiðsögumaður - local tourist guide víðerni - wilderness þolmörk - carrying capacity Orkumál aðfallskurður - water supply ditch borhola - drill hole (bore hole) gufuaflsraforkuver - geothermal power plant / station hverfill - turbine orkufrekur iðnaður - high power intensive industry rafall - generator raflína - electric cable raflínumastur - electric pylon raforka - electric power / energy segulsvið – magnetic field stöðurafmagn - static electricity stöðvarhús - power station uppistöðulón - water reservoir, dam vatnsaflsraforkuver - hydro-electric power plant / station vatnslögn - water pipe Þjóðfélagið almannatryggingar - social security almenn læknishjálp - general medical attention

atvinnuleysi - unemployment banvænn sjúkdómur - terminal decease beinir skattar - direct taxes bifreiðaeign - car ownership dagpeningar - maintenance allowance dánarbætur - death compensation diagnosis - sjúkdómsgreining ekkju og ekkilsbætur - widow’s / widdower’s pension ellilífeyrir - old age pension feðralaun – paternity allowance / support félagsbústaðir hf. Reykjavík Social Housing fæðingarorlof – maternity/paternity leave fæðingarstyrkur – maternity/paternity grant fæðingartíðni - birth-rate geislameðferð - radiation therapy heimilislæknir - general practitioner (GP) húsakostur - housing langvarandi sjúkdómur - long term illness lífeyristryggingar - pension insurance lífskjör - standard of living lífslíkur - life expectancy lyf - medicine lýðfræði – demography lýðfræðilegur - demographic mæðralaun - maternity allowance / support mannfjöldi - population meðalaævilengd - average life-span menntun - education óbeinir skattar - indirect taxes örorkubætur - disabled benefit örorkulífeyrir - disabled fund ríkisstyrkt læknishjálp - national health system, socialized medicine röntgenmyndatökur - X-ray sérfræðingur - specialist (medical doctor) sjúkrahúsvist - hospitalization sjúkrakostnaður - hospitalization costs skattur - tax slysatryggingar - accident insurance söluskattur - sales tax tekjutrygging - supplementary income benefit ungbarnadauði - infant mortality rate velmegun - prosperity velmegunarþjóðfélag - welfare state

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verðbólga - inflation virðisaukaskattur - value added tax (VAT) Listir dægurlagasöngvari - pop singer glerlistamaður - glass artist kvikmyndun - filming leikari - actor / actress leikritun - playwriting, the writing of drama leiksýning - theatrical performance listahátíð - arts festival listamaður - artist listasafn - art gallery listdans - ballet listdansari - ballet dancer listmálari - painter mynhöggvari - sculptor nýaldarlistamaður - new age artist óperusöngvari - opera singer symbolismi - symbolism Veðurfar háský - altostratus loftvog - barometer iðustraumar - convection currents koma saman - convergence daggarmark - dew point úði - drizzle þurrkur - drought hitabelti - tropical heimskaut (norður) Arctic heimskaut (suður) Antarctic uppgufun - evaporation flóð - flood þoka - fog veðurspá - forecasting veðurfræðingur - meteorologist veðurskil (kulda) - cold front veðurskil (hita) - warm front gróðurhúsaáhrif - greenhouse effect vindhviður - gusts hagl - hail hvirfilbylur - hurricane

grýlukerti - icicles elding – lightning norður- og suðurljós – polar lights norðurljós á norðurhveli - aurora borealis (northern lights) norðurljós á suðurhveli – aurora australis úrkoma - precipitation lægð - low pressure system hæð - high pressure system regnbogi - rainbow sólstöður - solstice (summer) lág grá ský (algeng á Íslandi) - stratus góðviðrisský - cumulus veðurathugunarstöð - weather station veðurhani - wind vane vindkæling - wind chill hjúkaþeyr - berg wind veðurfræði - meteorology hæðarhryggur – high pressure system slydda - sleet hlákuvatn – runoff / melt water þruma - thunder Fornbókmenntir og Íslensku handritin arfleifð - heritage biblía - Bible bókaútgáfa - book publishing, publishing house bókmenntaverðlaun - literary awards (prize) bókmenntaverðlaun Nóbels - The Nobel Prize bragháttur - metre dróttkvæði - court poetry (Old Norse verse form in eight-line stanzas) Eddukvæði - Eddaic poems, The Poetic / Scaldic Edda, The Elder Edda fornbókmenntir - classical and pre-classical literature fuglsfjöður – bird feather fjaðrastafur (penni) - quill geymd - preservation / transmission geymd, munnleg - oral transmission geymd, rituð - written transmission

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goðakvæði - mythological poems Heimskringla - The Epic History of the Kings of Norway hetjukvæði - epic poems, heroic poems kálfskinn - vellum kirkjulegur - ecclesiastical nútímabókmenntir - modern literature prentsmiðja - printing press rímur - Icelandic ballads, rimes rithöfundur - author, writer, novelist, poet, playwright, dramatist rúnarista - runic inscription rúnir - runes sagnadansar - folk ballads sagnaritun - historiography, the recording of the Sagas samgermanskur - pan-Germanic heritage Snorra Edda - The Prose Edda sögur, fornaldar - popular (secular) tales of the 13th - 15th centuries sögur, riddara - chivalric romances stafrófið – Latin alphabet. Came to Iceland via England (Grágás, 1117) stefna í bókmenntum - school of thought, trend, movement stefna, nýrómantísk - neo-romanticism stefna, raunsæis - realism stefna, rómantísk - romanticism testamennt, gamla - Old Testament testamennt, nýja - New Testament þýðing á bók - translation veraldlegur – secular Skólar Ferðamálaskóli Íslands – Iceland Tourism School fjölbrautarskóli – higher secondary school Fóstruskóli – kindergarten school fræðsla – education, teaching, instruction Garðyrkjuskólinn – Horticultural University grunnskóli, barnaskóli – (6-12) primary school grunnskóli, gagnfræðaskóli – (13-16) secondary school

hætta í skóla – school drop outs háskóla, deildir (11) – faculties háskóla, skor - departments Háskóli Íslands – University of Iceland Háskólinn á Bifröst (viðskiptaháskóli) – Bifröst (Business) University (2006) Háskólinn í Reykjavík – Reykjavik University heimavistarskóli – boarding school héraðskóli – district school hjúkrunarskóli – nursing school húsmæðraskóli – finishing school for women, or – domestic science school iðnskóli – craftsmanship school, trade school Iþróttakennaraháskólinn Laugarvatni – Iceland University of Education (sports) Kennaraháskóli Íslands– Iceland University of Education Landbúnaðarháskólinn (Hvanneyri, RALA, Garðyrkjuskólinn) –Iceland University of Agriculture Leiðsöguskóli Íslands – Iceland Tourist Guide School Listaháskólinn – University of the Arts Lögregluskólinn – The Police Academy Lýðháskóli – popular high school Menntamálaráðherra – Minister of Education menntaskóli – higher secondary grammar school menntaskóli, bekkjarkerfi - (17-20 yrs.) higher secondary grammar school menntaskóli, fjölbraut – (17-20) higher secondary school Námsflokkar Reykjavíkur – Reykjavík’s Municipal Centre for Adult Education námsmat – study evaluation próf, munnlegt – oral exam próf, símat – continuous evaluation próf, skriflegt – written exam próf, verklegt – practical exam sjómannaskólinn – The Nautical Academy skólalög – educational law skólanefnd – school board, committee skólaskylda – compulsory schooling skólastefna – education policy

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stúdentspróf – university entrance exemption / school leaving certificate / high school diploma tækniháskóli – technical university Tækniháskólinn – The Icelandic University of Engineering and Technology (merged with University of Reykjavík, 2004/5) Viðskiptaháskólinn Bifröst – Bifröst Business University Að segja sögu fara til hvanna (hvannarætur) – root collection fjallagrasaferð – herb collection flot – slab of fat galdramaður – wizard / enchanter gil – gully hákarl – putrified shark hangikjöt – smoked lamb / mutton hestaskinn – horse hide hestasveinn – horseminder huldumaður – hidden man / elf-man kirkjusókn – parish kúasmali – cowhearder nafni – namesake nátttröll – night troll nes – headland / peninsula púki – imp selaskinn – seal skin sögur gamalla eiginkvenna – old wives tales troll (female) – ogress troll (male) – troll umskiptingur – changeling vegaslóði – track vetrarsólstöður – winter / summer solstice To be continued...

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Nokkrar góðar vefsíður Þjóðgarðurinn á Þingvöllum. Vefsíða: www.thingvellir.is Félag Leiðsögumanna – orðalistar yfir fiska, fuglaheiti, hvali, landspendýr, plöntuheiti og skólakerfið (ekki alveg nýr) http://www.touristguide.is A Beastly Garden Of Wordy Delights – Melissa Kaplan’s Anapsid.org. Hér er á ferð vefsíða með dýranöfnum, dýrahópanöfnum, hjóðum, afkvæmum, karl og kvennöfnum. Bæði til á vef, og í pdf-skjali. Vefur: http://www.anapsid.orgPDF:www.anapsid.org/pdf/beastlywords.pdf English Web-Dictionary http://www.dictionary.com Orðasafn Íslenskrar Málstöðvar. Ýmiss sérfræðiorð. http://www.ismal.hi.is/ob/ The World Factbook – Tölfræðilegar upplýsingar frá ýmsum löndum. Gott til að bera saman Ísland við kjörlandið. http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos The Nordic Institute for Research and Training in Volcanology and Related Fields. Ágæt síða til að bæta við sig orðaforða í jarðfræði. http://www.norvol.hi.is WordNet. A lexical database for the English language. Orðabók ensk, ensk (USA) http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/webwn Hafrannsóknarstofnun. Orðabók: http://www.hafro.is/ordabok Jarðhiti: Fræðigreinar Ísland og útlönd: http://jardhitafelag.is/papers/content.php Hitaveita Suðurnesja: www.hs.is Natural History of Iceland Site Listar um plöntur og fugla á netinu: http://www.iceland-nh.net/plants/taxonomy1.html

Icelandic-English glossary of selected geoscience terms: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of95-807/geoicelandic.html Uppruni orða á ensku: Online Etymology Dictionary. http://www.etymonline.com/ Iceland Worldwide: birds, mammals, fish. http://www.iww.is/pages/alife/biglf.html Travels in the 19th Century in Iceland: Áhugavert lesefni um ferðalög útlendinga á Íslandi. http://www.edjackson.ca/19thcenturyiceland Tageo.com Mjög áhugaverð síða með nýjustu tölulegu upplýsingum, örnefnum og staðsetningu þeirra á landinu. Hægt að finna staði með leitarvél sem sýnir staðsetninguna á korti. http://www.tageo.com/index-e-ic-v-00.htm Örnefnaskrá Íslands http://gisland.rhi.hi.is/ornefnaskra/index-is.html Fuglar íslenska-enska http://www.dxman.com/Texti/Fuglar.txt A billion / milljarður Ísland = 1000.000.000 Bandaríkin = 1000.000.000 Bretland = 1000.000.000.000 Vinsamlega komið ábendingum til Stefáns Helga Valssonar með tölvupósti. Netfang: valsson@centrum.is

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