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Enhancing Library Catalogs for Music
John AnderiesMusic LibrarianHaverford CollegeTri-College Consortium
Conference on Music & Technology in the Liberal Arts EnvironmentJune 22, 2004Hamilton College
Overview
• Text based enhancements
• Visual resource enhancements
• Music related enhancements– Organizational changes: FRBR– Notated incipits– Audio content– Score images
Why enhance records
• Replicates the browse shelf environment• Increases use
– 26,490 items (HM monographs) added between 99-02– 10,--- with no TOC circulated 1.35 times on average– 16,--- with TOC circulated 2.39 times on average
• Promotes the identification of needed item• Information may be used in collections
development• You tell me!
ONIX
• Acronym for “ONline Information eXchange”• A standard designed to facilitate exchange of bibliographic
information from publishers to booksellers• Maintained by EDItEUR in conjunction with BISG (US)
and BIC (UK)• Contains elements that go beyond what MARC record
contains, including some multimedia files:– Front and back cover images– Publishers’ descriptions – Book reviews– Excerpts/sample chapters– Related sound/video files
BEAT
• Acronym for “Bibliographic Enrichment Advisory Team”
• A program of the Library of Congress Cataloging Directorate
• Initiatives to add data to bibliographic records, including:– dTOC – digital tables of contents– ONIX Descriptions – publishers’ descriptions of books– ONIX Sample Texts – excerpts, cover images
LC Catalog records
• In the public display in LC’s catalog, there might be an extra section called “Links” with (for example):– Links: Sample text– Links: Publisher description– Links: Table of contents
• An example of an LC bib record with all three enhancements is:The Evolutionary emergence of language : social function and the origins of linguistic form / edited by Chris Knight, Michael Studdert-Kennedy, James R. Hurford.(Cambridge University Press, 2000)
Third party enhancements
• Blackwell (TOCs back to 1991)• Syndetic Solutions (also cover art and sample
texts)• New venture among college libraries, CLIR,
Mellon, RLG, DLF, ARL for pre-1990 monographs– Robert Kieft, “
Collaborative Project to Enhance Library Catalog Browsing” CLIR Issues, no. 36, March/April 2004
Visual resources enhancements
Digital assets management (DAM) systems
• The Museum System• MDID• Luna• Canto from Cumulus • DLXS (open source)• Vernon Systems• Multi Mimsy• ContentDM• Greenstone (opensource)• Fedora
Modules purchased from ILS vendors
• Innovative (MAP and WebBridge)
• SIRSI (Hyperion: Digital Media Archive)
• Endeavor (ENCompass for Digital Collections)
• Ex libris (ALEPH Digital Asset Module (ADAM))
• GEAC (none, but has Syndetic Solutions)
• Dynix (Horizon Digital Library)• VTLS (Vital)
The FRBR ModelFunctional Requirements for
Bibliographic Records• Report published in 1997 by IFLA (International
Federation of Library Associations and Institutes)• Conceptual model of the entities and relationships
inherent in the bibliographic universe independent of any cataloging code or implementation
• Within the context of a changing cataloging environment
FRBREntities
• Group 1 Entities“products of intellectual and artistic endeavor”
– Work (a distinct intellectual or artistic creation; an abstract entity)
– Expression (the intellectual or artistic realization of a work; an abstract entity)
– Manifestation (the physical embodiment of an expression of a work; a concrete entity)
– Item (a single exemplar of a manifestation; a concrete entity)
w1 Shakespeare’s Hamlete1 translation to French by André Gide
m1 1930 publication by La Tortuei1 copy at BMC Rare Book Room
FRBREntities
• Group 2 Entities“those responsible for the intellectual or artistic content, the physical production and dissemination, or the custodianship of the entities in the first group”
– Person (an individual)– Corporate Body (an organization or group of
individuals and/or organizations acting as a unit)
FRBREntities
• Group 3 Entities“subjects of works”
– Concept (an abstract notion or idea)– Object (a material thing)– Event (an action or occurrence)– Place (a location)
FRBRRelationships: Within Group 1
Expression
Manifestation
Item
is realized through
is embodied in
is exemplified by
Work
Also:•work to work•expression to expression•manifestation to manifestation•item to item•whole to part
w1 J.S. Bach’s Goldberg variationse1 performance by Glenn Gould recorded in 1981
m1 recording released on 33 1/3 rpm sound disc in 1982 by CBS Records
i1 copy held at SCm2 recording re-released on compact disc in 1993 by Sony
i1 first copy held at HCi2 second copy held at HC
e2 performance by Ton Koopman recorded in 1987m1 recording released on compact disc in 1988 by Erato
i1 copy held at HCe3 keyboard score edited by Ralph Kirkpatrick
m1 edition published in 1938 by G. Shirmeri1 copy held at BMC
FRBRRelationships: Between Entities
• Between Group 1 and Group 2 Entities
• Between Group 1 and Group 3 Entities
is the subject of
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Person
Person
Corporate body
Corporate body
is created by
is realized by
is produced by
is owned by
Concept Work
FRBRUses
• Save time (works need only be cataloged once, etc.); easier cataloging
• Searches produce better results• Brings together multiple manifestations in music• Better logic and organization• VTLS Virtua’s “FRBR-ized” Catalog • Innovative developing a FRBR “key”• OCLC trials / XWC (Extended WorldCat)• RLG Web Union Catalog / RedLightGreen• Indiana University’s Variations 2 Digital Music Library
Incipits
• MARBI/RISM– Machine-Readable Bibliographic Information
committee (ALA)– Répertoire International des Sources Musicales /
International Inventory of Musical Sources
• Discussion Paper 2004-DP01: Changes Needed to Accommodate RISM Data--Music Incipits
• Plaine & Easie Code / DARMS • http://www.loc.gov/marc/marbi/2004/2004-dp01.h
tml
Audio
• Linking to streaming audio via field 856– Full content providers such as Classical Music
Library, Naxos Music Library, etc.– Digital surrogates a la Indiana University’s
Variations Digital Music Library
• Linking individual tracks in place of contents note (like TOC enhancements)– Short clips like in Amazon, B&N, Borders, etc.
Audio
• Potential players:– Indivdual music libraries– OCLC– LC BEAT committee– MARBI– Loudeye.com
• Perhaps a project for CLIR, Mellon, and others
Scores
• See Jenn Riley’s list of online scanned score collections (on our conference blog)
• How representation of score images might effect the design of library catalog interfaces– LC’s “I Hear America Singing”