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Enhancement of the
Business Environment
in the Southern
Mediterranean
Countries
A project funded by the European Union
Regional Seminar
on SBA Governance
Workshop
Amman– 17/02/2015
A project funded by the European Union
The aims of the Workshop:
1. to develop a proposal and an action plan to
improve the governance of SME policies
2. to prepare the presentation of the proposals
for the Barcelona meeting (17-19 March 2015)
The proposal and the action plan should focus on:
• Delegation of responsibility for enterprise policy
• Inter-governmental coordination
• Public/private dialogue
EBESM Project 3
4
Consult this publication on line at http:/ /dx.doi.org/10.1787/ 9789264218413-en.
This work is published on the OECD iLibrary, which gathers all OECD books, periodicals and statistical databases.
Visit www.oecd-ilibrary.org for more information.
SME Policy Index
The Mediterranean Middle East and North Africa 2014IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SMALL BUSINESS ACT FOR EUROPE
SME Policy Index
The Mediterranean Middle East and North Africa 2014
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SMALL BUSINESS ACT FOR EUROPE
Contents
Key fi ndings for the Mediterranean Middle East and North Africa region
The policy framework, methodology and assessment process
Economic and SME overview of the Mediterranean Middle East and North Africa region
Part I. Results of the assessment by Small Business Act for Europe dimension
Chapter 1. Education and training for entrepreneurship, including training for women’s entrepreneurship
Chapter 2. Effi cient bankruptcy procedures and “second chance” for entrepreneurs
Chapter 3. Institutional and regulatory framework for SME policy making
Chapter 4. Operational environment for business creation
Chapter 5. Support services for SMEs and public procurement
Chapter 6. Access to fi nance for SMEs
Chapter 7. Supporting SMEs to benefi t from Euro-Mediterranean networks and partnerships
Chapter 8. Enterprise skills and innovation
Chapter 9. SMEs in a green economy
Chapter 10. Internationalisation of SMEs
Part II. Mediterranean Middle East and North Africa Economy Profi les
Chapter 11. Algeria
Chapter 12. Egypt
Chapter 13. Israel
Chapter 14. Jordan
Chapter 15. Lebanon
Chapter 16. Overview of Libya
Chapter 17. Morocco
Chapter 18. PA
Chapter 19. Tunisia
Annex A. Assessment grid and weights
ISBN 978-92-64-21840-6
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Comments from SME Policy Index
• Policy co-ordination remains a relatively weak point
• The recent elaboration of the new National Entrepreneurship and
SME Growth Strategy 2014-2018 is a milestone in terms of
overcoming this weakness in the policy environment. The new
strategy creates the opportunity to rationalise legislation and
regulations affecting SMEs as well as creates synergies between
actions and programmes
• The introduction of regulatory impact assessment is at an early
stage. An Evaluation and Impact Assessment Unit was established
in 2012; pilot applications have been conducted
6
The selected topic
introduction of a coordination mechanism to detect the impact of
the Law/policy or regulation before or as
we design it
Multiple organizations co-ordination
Intergovernmental coordination
mechanisms, change management
Enhance and institutionalize public
private dialogue
Impact detection device: (ex ante and post) SME Test tool or mechanism
to implement
Impact detection device: (ex ante and post) SME Test tool or integrated
impact analysis
7
Key components of the project
introduction of a coordination mechanism to
detect the impact of the Law/policy
Inter-departmental/institutional
co-ordination
Impact detection device,
government legislation
Public and private
dialogue
8
1. Intergovernmental/Interinstitutional
coordination. Definition
Intergovernmental/interinstitutional coordination may be defined as an arrangement
between or among two or more government/institutional bodies for achieving
common goals, providing a service or solving a mutual problem.
Why
To clearly set out the role of different departments in SME development and the
mechanisms by which policies and programmes can be co-ordinated.
What
Strengthening existing coordination bodies?
Focus on change management?
9
Organisational approaches and options
Creation of:
• small business department or agency housed in a
particular government department (the one that
ensures a more powerful voice)
• separate department
• semi-autonomous agency and/or network of
regional and local agencies
10
Functions
• Examining the potential for deregulation;
• Developing appropriate processes of appeals against regulation;
• Initiating and reviewing new legislation;
• Setting up impact evaluation measures;
• Establishing appropriate forms of self regulation;
• Finding means of engagement of the informal sector.
• Defining voluntary schemes or codes of practice
11
EFFECTIVE POLICIES FOR SMALL BUSINESS
2. Public Private Dialogues/Consultations
Structured mechanisms aimed at facilitating the discovery process by involving a
balanced range of public and private sector actors in identifying, filtering,
accelerating, implementing, and measuring actions and reforms
Why
• Managing engagement with the SME sector: To find mechanisms for
managing the relationship of government with the private sector and
SMEs in particular, enabling the views of the SME sector to feed into
public policy in an effective manner over time
• Obtaining feedback, evaluating specific measures: To obtain feedback on
specific policies and programmes that have been introduced to stimulate
the SME sector and remove barriers to its development.
12
What: Typology of PPD actions/projects (dialogue or rent extraction)
13
Typology of PPDs: 7 inter-locking types
National
Economy-wide
Permanent institution
Public-driven
3rd party brokerage/support
General orientations/ Many goals
Many actors
Local Sector-specific Temporary initiative Private-driven Locally driven/sustained Specific changes / Specific goal Few actors
Area
Scope
Institutionalization
Leadership
Ownership
Focus
Participation
PPD TYPOLOGY
19 Herzberg , World bank Group, 2013
3. Impact detection device, monitoring the
impact of government legislation
Organisation delivering services like: laws and policies evaluation to provide
impact evidences, including Policy Review and Planning Process.
Why
• To obtain evidence on the problems faced by SMEs in dealing with government
regulation, indicating areas where amendment is needed
What
• Establishing truly independent procedures, responsibility for monitoring and
evaluation
• Defining a Level of feasibility and kind of provisions
• Short term and long term strategy
14
3.1. Strategy
15
• Economic wide
• Sector specific Scope
• General policy
• Policy measure/interlinked Object
• Present
• Past and future Perspective
• Permanent
• Temporary Institutionalization
• Independent/ P&P driven
• Public driven Leadership
3.2. Two complementary approaches
A. Regulatory Impact Analysis and SME Test
(related to a new Law or policy)
B. Impact Analysis integrated in policy making
process (study on effects-Lesson drawing, future
context-scenario analysis, and so on)
16
A.1. What is the SMEs Impact Test?
• The SMEs Impact Test process seeks to help
P&P assess the impact of new proposals on small
business.
• The test should help SMEs complete the cost
benefit analysis element of the Impact Analisys
that includes:
- Alternative approaches are appropriate for firms
with fewer employees;
- Quantifying the annual costs the policy will place on
micro, small and medium size businesses.
18
SME Test
•
Integrated Impact Analysis
•
The process
• A. Development and Options stage: An initial sounding of small businesses
and their representative bodies to identify/verify the likely impact and solutions
before formal public consultation.
• B. Consultation stage: Where the impact appears to fall more heavily on small
businesses – i.e. firms employing fewer than 20, a more detailed exploration of
the issues and solutions with representative bodies and small businesses
should be undertaken.
• C. Final Proposal stage: Assessing and reflecting the representations made
by small businesses during the consultation in the Final Proposal, including
making any necessary changes to ensure that the policy is properly targeted
and adapted to the needs of small businesses.
19
SME Test
•
Integrated Impact Analysis
•
Four challenges
• First theme: to develop a political framework of better regulation with clear
responsibilities and the setting up of measurable goals. It must become an
overall government decision to assess new regulation likely to affect
businesses.
• Second theme: to develop mandatory guidelines and procedures in order to
move forward and strengthen the use and quality of the SME test: guidelines
describing how the SME test should be conducted in order to increase
consistency across government services.
• Third theme: control mechanisms can play an important role in the
dissemination of a culture of better regulation. Feedback through the control
system challenges operational units to integrate established practices (Impact
Assessment Board)
• Fourth theme: it concerns the ongoing challenge no matter the level of SME
test, namely the access to data that allows for e.g. quantification of the impact
on SMEs. Data is necessary to be able to carry out high quality SME tests.
21
SME Test
•
Integrated Impact Analysis
•
Integration in
policy making process
• Integration in policymaking process – in order to mainstream sustainability and
stimulate the take- up of Impact Analysis results by decision-makers, the IA has
to be integrated in the policymaking process – at an early stage and at a
strategic level – in order to contribute to policy formulation
• Proactive and strategic approach – a proactive approach will help develop
policy options that address structural and strategic issues (e.g. root causes), to
help avoid problems and generate benefits, rather than measures to mitigate
and compensate negative impacts
22
Integrated Impact Analysis
•
SME Test
•
The Integration of Impact Analysis in
Policymaking Process affects all Stages of
Policymaking Process and key elements to
identify the windows for the impact detection
device intervention
23
Integrated Impact Analysis
•
SME Test
•
Analytical functions and deliverable
1: Strategic framework and identification of key sustainability issues
Purpose: To identify key sustainability issues and associated indicators, as a basis for
setting the baseline, comparing options and monitoring impacts.
2: Analysis of current trends and scenarios
Purpose: Understanding the current situation and trends of identified key sustainability
issues and indicators, and their likely evolution without policy change, provides the basis for
predicting sustainability impacts.
3: Identification of opportunities and formulating alternative policy options
Purpose: To formulate alternative policy options that can generate results.
4: Assessment of impacts (risks and benefits) of policy options
Purpose: To compare proposed and alternative policy options by impacts’ assessment,
including risks and benefits, as a basis for decision making
5: Monitoring and evaluationPurpose: To monitor implementation of the policy and its
sustainability implications
25
Integrated Impact Analysis
•
SME Test
•
1. Interinstitutional coordination
1. The project should provide the establishment of a
coordination body/organization, whose profile should
be defined
2. It could play functions like (to be better defined in the next few days)
1. Providing Know How needed to support an Informed Policy
Making process
2. Assuring the participation of all Stake Holders
3. Delivering the Technical coordination for the
implementation of the Mechanism to detect the Impact of
Law/policies
27
2. Public/Private Dialogue- PPD
1. The PPD should characterize all processes, including the Project proposal/Action Plan
2. The kind of mechanism to implement has to be defined according to the object of the project and it will be coherent with the action selected. In a first stage it will be created a PPD to drive the SME Test. In a second stage a PPD will be created to drive and support the implementation of the impact detection mechanism monitoring the impact of government legislation
3. Impact detection device and mechanism
monitoring the impact of government legislation
To promote a coordination mechanism to detect the
impact of Law/Policy, the Project and the Action
Plan should expect to achieve:
1. RIA and SME Test (short term)
2. Impact Analysis Integrated in Policy Making
Process (middle/long term)
Project description
30
Selected topic
Implementation period
Main Objective
Stakeholders
Result/Impact
Risks
Approach
Resources
Thank you for your attention
Contact:
Paolo Federighi
Email :
Project implemented by:
EBESM Project 11