English research project

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CHIMBORAZO

FACULTAD: CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD

ESCUELA: TERAPIA FÍSICA Y DEPORTIVA

SUBJECT:

ENGLISH

LEVEL:

1ST “I”

RESEARCH PROJECT

TOPIC:

SEWAGE GASES

NAMES:

GUERRERO CRISTIAN

GUERRERO RUTH

DATE: JULY, 16TH, 2015

CHAPTER I

1. PROBLEMATIZATION

1.1. Problem formulation

The Ecuadorian population has been affected over the years by the gases

emanating sewers, this is because the organic and inorganic wastes are dumped

down sinks and toilets accumulate in them, emitting some chemical

composition, which caused respiratory illnesses in the population so damaging

to your health.

In the city of Riobamba are many people affected by the gas sewers that are

due to products such as grease or food residues that are often discarded by

people irresponsibly, infecting so the sewer being the cause of it emanate toxic

as methane.

People living in the San Antonio district Airport are affected by this type of

gases emanating sewers, which is produced by the mixture of waste food and

fat that the villagers themselves disposed without measuring the damage

caused all the inhabitants and being one of the causes of respiratory problems.

1.2. Problem

What breathing problems occur sewer gases to be inhaled by residents of

the neighborhood "San Antonio del Aeropuerto" in the Riobamba city during

the period May - July 2015?

1.3. Timing

1.3.1. Temporary location

This research was carried out from May to July 2015.

1.3.2. Spatial location

The research will result in the neighborhood "San Antonio del

Aeropuerto" in av. Begonias from av. Antonio Jose de Sucre to Rosas

street in Riobamba city Chimborazo province.

1.3.3 Topic

Study of gases emanating from the sewer to determine the main

respiratory problems caused by the local people "San Antonio Airport" in

Riobamba city during the period May - July 2015.

1.4. Objectives

1.4.1. General

Identify cause respiratory problems sewer gases residents of the

neighborhood "San Antonio del Aeropuerto" in Riobamba city during the

period May - July 2015.

1.4.2. Specific

• Diagnose breathing problems of the inhabitants of the neighborhood

"San Antonio Airport" in the city of Riobamba, to determine if they are

caused by the inhalation of sewer gases.

• Conduct a survey of the inhabitants of the "San Antonio Airport" in

Riobamba city to obtain data on respiratory problems experienced during

the period May - July 2015.

• Making a brochure aimed at the inhabitants of the neighborhood "San

Antonio Airport" in Riobamba city with information on how to prevent

breathing problems caused by sewer gases.

1.5. Justification

The methane and acid gases emanating from the sewers that are foul odors

generated by the putrefaction of organic waste generated which damage the

health of people with respiratory problems and children especially, who are

more affected by this type of pollution causing some discomfort such as

nausea, headaches and vomiting, therefore conducted this study to determine

how field has been affecting this type of gases to the various people who live in

the San Antonio district Airport Riobamba, province of Chimborazo, in order

to inform people in a better way it is these gases that health problems are those

that can cause the same, which would be the measures to take to avoid being

exposed to these gases, among others.

This research was carried out from May to June 2015 in order to socialize this

issue that is very important for all to know, because having all the knowledge

of the subject they were prevent continue to give this kind of respiratory

problems among the inhabitants of this neighborhood.

CHAPTER II

2. Theoretical framework

2.1. Conceptual framework

2.1.1. Respiratory problems

Respiratory problems are those affecting the respiratory system or

apparatus. This consists of mouth, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea,

and bronchi. Among them we can find the common cold without further

repercussions cough, runny nose, sore throat and fever or serious diseases

such as pulmonary emphysema, lung cancer, etc. (Ortiz)

2.1.2. Sewage Gases

The sewage gas is a complex mixture of toxic and non-toxic, produced

and collected in sewer systems, by decomposing organisms domestic or

industrial waste. Sewer gases include hydrogen sulfide, ammonia,

methane, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides. (Construction)

2.2. Theoretical framework

SEWER GAS

Sewer gases are a mixture of toxic and non-toxic. Toxic gases include

hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. These also contain various levels of methane,

carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxide. Enter your home through

drains, leaky plumbing and sewer vents clogged roof. Fumes from municipal

sewers, storage tanks and septic tanks. Exposure to these gases is dangerous

and can be life threatening. (Hawthorne)

COMPONENTS OF SEWER GAS

Hydrogen sulfide

Low levels of hydrogen cause symptoms similar to allergies in humans,

such things as burning eyes and coughing. The symptoms that are more severe

include nervousness, dizziness, nausea, headaches and drowsiness. Hydrogen

sulfide smells much like rotten eggs. Exposure to extremely high levels of this

gas can cause unconsciousness and death. (Hawthorne)

Methane

While not toxic, exposure to high levels of methane indoors may cause

asphyxiation. Methane reduces the amount of oxygen in the air, causing

headache, nausea, dizziness and unconsciousness. Death can occur quickly and

without warning. Methane is highly flammable; an accumulation of this gas

becomes extremely explosive. (Hawthorne)

Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide is a by-product methane. It is odorless, tasteless, non-

irritating and deadly. According to the Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention, each year in the United States thousands of people become ill after

accidental carbon monoxide poisoning, and about 450 of them die. Those who

survive often suffer long-term neurological problems. Symptoms may take the

form of migraine, depression, chronic fatigue or flu when exposed to low levels

on a daily basis. As the exposure becomes more apparent, you may experience

confusion, seizures and unconsciousness. You can also experience

hallucinations or it may become too emotional; you can even see or experience

ghost’s supernatural events. Installing a carbon monoxide detector could save

your life. (Hawthorne)

WHAT TO DO TO AVOID CONTACT WITH THESE BE SEWER

GASES?

Empty traps

The lack of water inside of the traps also allow sewer gases. A trap is

curved tube portion underneath the bathtub or bathroom. Another pitfall of the

tub or shower is hidden under the ground. These traps always keep an amount

of stagnant water inside, blocking the entry of sewer gases. Water sometimes

evaporates or decreases with time, as when much time passes unused. Pour

about one quart (1.14 L) of water in the drains of these accessories. The correct

amount of water will remain in the trap. (John)

Obstruction of vent pipes

Drainage and ventilation system of a house plumbing pipes connecting all

accessories inside the bathroom including the toilet, sink and bathtub, a piping

system. Vent pipes are one of the components of this system. These tubes do

not transport water, but must sewer vent gases outwards. If this pipe is clogged,

water can get out of the trap in a fixture, leaving it exposed to sewer gases

entering through the drain fitting. Normally, using a drill or water hose to

unclog the vent pipe. (John)

Cracked pipes

A vent pipe may also be obstructed, in which case the gas leak. Once

ubiques crack, cut the damaged section and installs new accessories. The crack

may be in a sewer pipe, in this case the pipe will lose both water and sewer gas.

If your home has a crawlspace beneath it, you can enter and search any

drainage pipe that is damaged. (John)

• Do not allow grease into the sewer system to not be washed down the drain.

Fat solidifies in pipes and sewers, trapping waste. Over time, an accumulation

of fat can clog the water flow and cause sewage to build up in your home.

(Hawthorne)

• Do not pour chemicals such as antifreeze, insecticides, pesticides or cleaning

products, paint thinners, fertilizers or fuel down the drain. The chemicals enter

the sewer system and travel to the water treatment plant, making it difficult to

purify; They can also damage expensive equipment in the plant. Additional

expenses in the treatment plant can increase your water bill and wastewater.

(Hawthorne)

HOW TO REMOVE THE SMELL GAS SEWERS?

Instructions

1. Locate the area where the odor is stronger. That will tell the drain you have

to clean or lubricate. (Delaney)

2. Pour water down the drain. If the P-shaped pipe is dry, you can smell gas

emanating through the house. Pour at least one quart of water or more down

the drain. If this does not resolve the problem, try the next step. (Delaney)

3. Clean the drain. Remove whatever is stuck, if anything. It is advisable to

wear rubber gloves for handling waste there in the pipes. (Delaney)

4. Remove the hair and other debris that are stuck or as a plug at the top and

throw it away. Do not flush it down the toilet could obstruct. (Delaney)

5. Wash the lid in a bucket with hot water and soap. (Delaney)

6. Fold the end of a wire, forming a small hook. Its size should be similar to a

hanger. (Delaney)

7. Insert the wire through the hook shaped end to the drain to remove debris.

(Delaney)

8. Pull the wire to remove the debris and throw it away. (Delaney)

9. Pour 4 or 5 gallons (15-18 l) of boiling water down the drain. This will

remove any dirt. If this does not solve the problem, continue with the next step.

(Delaney)

10. Pour two tablespoons of cooking oil down the drain. This permeates shaped

pipes P, since oil is always maintained above the water and helps eliminate

evaporation. (Delaney)

11. Locate the sewer vent pipe on the roof. Then carefully placed a ladder to

reach it. (Delaney)

12. Check that the vent pipe does not have tree branches, leaves or other debris

that may be obstructing. (Delaney)

13. Remove your hands anything that might be blocking the tube. If you do not

reach, connect the hose and clean it under running water. Unlocks the key to

the maximum pressure and let it run for about five minutes. (Delaney)

CHAPTER III

3. METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK

3.1. Research Design

The design of this research is to perform basic as our research we have

relied on books and websites where we find extensive information on what the

sewer gases.

3.2. Such research

3.2.1. Field research

We rely on field research as it is the process, using the scientific

method, allows for new knowledge in the field of social reality. Or

consider a situation to diagnose needs and problems in order to apply the

knowledge for practical purposes. This type of research is also known as

spot investigation as it is done on the site itself where the subject matter

is. This allows more thorough knowledge of the researcher, can handle

data more safely and can be supported in exploratory, descriptive and

experimental designs, creating a situation in which control handles on

one or more dependent variables.

3.3. Methods

3.3.1. Inductive logical method

It is the reasoning that, based on particular cases, rises to general

knowledge. This method allows the formation of hypothesis, research of

scientific laws, and demonstrations. Induction can be complete or

incomplete.

The conclusion is drawn from the study of all the elements that form

the subject of research, ie it is only possible if we know the exact number

of elements that form the subject matter and also when we know that the

generalized knowledge belongs to everyone elements of the research

object. Complex calls demonstrations are forms of inductive reasoning,

only that in them gradually samples are articulated to achieve full

induction study are taken.

3.4. Techniques

For the development of the research will be necessary to use techniques,

according to the purposes of this research are:

Our type of documentary observation was based on a review of magazines,

books, newspapers.

3.5. Instruments

The survey is an investigation, in descriptive research designs in which the

researcher seeks to collect data through a previously designed questionnaire or

an interview, without changing the environment or the phenomenon where

information is collected. The data are obtained by performing a set of standard

questions to a representative sample or, often integrated by individuals,

companies and institutional entities, in order to meet the full set of statistical

population under study states opinion, characteristics or specific facts . The

investigator should select the most suitable questions, according to the nature

of the investigation.

3.6. Population and sample

3.6.1. Population

The set of benchmarks on which observations are made. It is also the

package on which we are interested in obtaining conclusions. It is usually

too large to comprehend it, why is the removal of a sample of it may be

needed.

The total population for our research project is 30 people, living in the

neighborhood "San Antonio del Aeropuerto" in the city of Riobamba

3.7. Hypothesis

Sewer gases cause respiratory problems if inhaled by residents of the

neighborhood "San Antonio Airport" in the city of Riobamba during the period

May - July 2015.

3.8. Analysis and interpretation of results

1. Do you know what are the sewer gases?

Table #1

Source: residents of the neighborhood "San Antonio del Aeropuerto"Manufactured: Cristian Guerrero, Guerrero Ruth

Source: Table # 1Manufactured: Cristian Guerrero, Guerrero Ruth

Interpretation: a total of 30 respondents representing 100% of the 40% who

are 12 people said that if they know what the sewer gases while 33% are 10

people who say they do not know what the gases sewer and 27% who were 8

people say they know something what the sewer gases.

Analysis: 40% of people said that if they know what the sewer gases while

33% say they do not know what the sewer gases and 27% say they know

something what the sewer gases.

40%

27%

33%

Graphic #1

YESNOMAYBE

OPTIONS RATE PERCENTAGE

YES 12 40%

NO 8 27%

MAYBE 10 33%

TOTAL 30 100%

2. Did you know that the smell of these gases is rotten egg?

Table # 2




are 12 people said that if they know the sewer gas smell of rotten eggs while

33% are 10 people who say they do not know that gases Sewer smell of rotten

eggs and 27% who were 8 people say they know something that sewer gas

smell of rotten eggs.

Analysis: 40% of people said that if they know the sewer gas smell of rotten

eggs while 33% say they do not know that sewer gas smell of rotten eggs and

27% say they know something gases sewer smell of rotten eggs.

40%

33%

27%

Graphic #2

YESNOMAIBE


YES 12 40%

NO 10 33%

MAYBE 8 27%

TOTAL 30 100%

3. Do you what the chemical composition of these gases know?

Table #3




are 22 people said that if they know the chemical composition of sewer gas

smell of rotten eggs while 13% are 4 people says do not know that sewer gas

smell of rotten eggs and 13% are 4 people say they know something that sewer

gas smell of rotten eggs.

Analysis: 40% of people said that if they know the sewer gas smell of rotten

eggs while 33% say they do not know that sewer gas smell of rotten eggs and

27% say they know something gases sewer smell of rotten eggs.

13%

74%

13%

Graphic #3

YESNOMAIBE


YES 4 13%

NO 22 73%

MAYBE 4 13%

TOTAL 30 100%

4. Do you know how these gases are formed?

Table # 4


YES 8 27%

NO 14 47%

MAYBE 8 27%

TOTAL 30 100%



Interpretation: a total of 30 respondents representing 46% 100% 14 people

are not so sure how these gases are formed while 27% say they are 8 people if

they know how these gases are formed and 27% are 8 people say they do not

know how these gases are formed.

Analysis: 46% of respondents not so sure how these gases are formed while

27% of people said if they know how these gases are formed and 27% of

people say they do not know how these gases are formed.

5. Do you know what consequences it brings you inhale these gases?

27%

47%

27%

Graphic #4

YESNOMAIBE

Table #5


YES 8 27%

NO 14 47%

MAYBE 8 27%

TOTAL 30 100%




are 14 states that people do not know what impact does inhaling these gases

while 27% are 8 people if you know what are the consequences of inhaling

these gases and 27% are 8 people say they do not know what impact does

inhaling these gases.

Analysis: 46% of respondents said that does not know what impact does

inhaling these gases while 27% of people know what are the consequences if

inhaling these gases and 27% of people say they do not know what impact does

inhaling these gases.

6. In the place you live has been able to identify these gases?

27%

47%

27%

Graphic #5

YESNOMAIBE

Table #6


YES 22 73%

NO 2 7%

MAYBE 6 20%

TOTAL 30 100%



Interpretation: a total of 30 respondents representing 73% 100% 22 people

that are manifested in the place they live if they could identify these gases

while 20% said they are 6 people in the place they live some have been able to

identify these gases and 7% say they are 2 people in the place they live have

been unable to identify these gases.

Analysis: 73% of respondents said that in the place they live if they could

identify these gases while 20% of people said to be living in the place some

have been able to identify these gases and 7% of people say They are living in

the place they have been unable to identify these gases.

73%

7%

20%

Graphic #6

YESNOMAIBE

7. Yes, you have identified these gases, have you had any health problems

often?

Table #7


YES 20 67%

NO 0 0%

MAYBE 10 33%

TOTAL 30 100%




are 20 people said that if they have had any health problems often and 33%

who were 10 people say they have not had any health problems with frequency.

Analysis: 67% of respondents said that if they have had any health problems

often and 33% of people say they have not had any health problems frequently.

67%

33%

Graphic #7

YESNOMAIBE

8. If your answer was yes above, has done something to avoid being in contact

with these gases?

Table #8


YES 8 27%

NO 22 73%

MAYBE 0 0%

TOTAL 30 100%




are 22 persons states that have not done anything to avoid contact with these

gases and 27% who were 8 people say that if you have done something avoid

contact with these gases.

Analysis: 73% of respondents said that they have not done anything to avoid

contact with these gases and 27% of people say that if they have done

something to avoid contact with these gases.

9. Would you like to know more about these gases?

27%

73%

Graphic #8

YESNOMAIBE

Table # 9




are 28 states that if people would like to hear more about these gases and 7%

that are 2 people say that possibly would like to hear more about of these gases.

Analysis: 93% of respondents said that if they would like to hear more about

these gases and 7% of people say that possibly would like to hear more about

these gases.

CHAPTER IV

93%

7%

Graphic #9

YESNOMAIBE


YES 28 93%

NO 0 0%

MAYBE 2 7%

TOTAL 30 100%

4. RESOURCES

4.1. Materials

For the current academic research materials such as leaves, pens, pencils,

the same that will help us target the different parameters that we observe in the

course of our work and also for the different surveys were used. Other

resources that we will use will be the book, in which we can find out the

uncertainties that arise when making the theoretical framework of this work.

Surely technological materials like cameras are used, which serve to capture a

scene that will be helpful to the investigation. Finally, they will be used as

teaching materials are brochures that serve to inform the public about what we

have investigated.

4.2. Financial

For this research the implementation of surveys will you miss the

inhabitants of the sector is for this reason that in this academic work invested

about $ 5, which will be used for printing sheets of surveys and the preparation

is necessary and printing the brochures.

4.3. Human talent

In this research it values all people who have been involved in it, being so

are divided into two groups: the researchers, who put all their effort and

commitment to the realization of this; and investigated or surveyed, which in

this case are the residents of the neighborhood "San Antonio Airport", which

collaborated on this research at the time agreed to answer surveys.

4.4. TIMETABLE

BIBLIOGRAPHY

(s.f.). Obtenido de https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilex_guayusaconstrucción, E. a. (s.f.). ARQHYS. Obtenido de ARQHYS.com :

http://www.arqhys.com/contenidos/alcantarillado-gas.html

Delaney, G. (s.f.). eHow en Español. Obtenido de http://www.ehowenespanol.com/eliminar-olor-gas-alcantarillas-como_19828/

Hawthorne, K. (s.f.). e How en Español. Obtenido de http://www.ehowenespanol.com/cuales-son-peligros-gases-alcantarilla-info_116277/

John, C. (s.f.). eHow en Español. Obtenido de http://www.ehowenespanol.com/cuarto-bano-huele-alcantarilla-info_179941/

Ortiz, J. J. (s.f.). En buenas manos. Obtenido de En buenas manos Web site: http://www.enbuenasmanos.com/problemas-de-salud/problemas-respiratorios/

SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES

WEEKS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

CHAPTER IPROBLEMATIZATION

Problem formulationproblemTiming (temporal and spatial)topicAims and objectivesjustificationCHAPTER IITHEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

conceptual frameworktheoretical frameworkCHAPTER IIIMETHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK

Research DesignSuch researchmethodstechniquesinstrumentsPopulation and SamplehypothesisCHAPTER IVMEANS

materialsfinancialHuman TalentBIBLIOGRAPHY

ATTACHMENTS

ACTIVITY DATE

4 TO 22 MAY 2015

MAY 25 TO JUNE 5, 2015

8 TO 19 JUNE 2015

JUNE 22 TO JULY 3, 2015

6 TO 10 JULY 2015

13 TO 22 JULY 2015

ATTACHMENTS

Survey format.

SEWER GAS

SEWER GAS

“SAN ANTONIO DEL AEROPUERTO” NEIGHBORHOOD

SURVEY OF NEIGHBORS OF “SAN ANTONIO DEL AEROPUERTO” NEIGHBORHOOD

Documents

English research project