THE ENGLISH MATERIAL IN THE 2nd SEMESTER

English Material

SMANTIG07

I. PASSIVE VOICE

P.V = TO BE + PAST PARTICIPLE

The main case in Passive Voice :

1. The using of to be

2. The using of various tenses

3. The transitive sentence

4. The object in active form will be the subject in passive form

5. The By phrase is included only if it is important to know who performs

an action

NO KINDS OF TENSESACTIVEPASSIVE

1

2

3

4

5

6

78

9

10

11

12

13

Simple Present

Present Progressive

Present Perfect

Simple Past

Past Progressive

Past Perfect

Simple Future

Future Perfect

Be going to

( Present / Past )

Pres. Perfect. ProgressPast Perfect Progress

Future Progressive

Past Future

write, writesam, is, are + Ving (writing)have, has + V3 (written)wrote

was, were + Ving

had + V3shall / will + Inv. ( write )

shall / will + have + V3am, is, are, was, were + going to + V1have, has + been + Ving

had + been + Ving

shall / will + be + Vingshould / would + Inv.am, is, are + V3am, is, are + being + V3

have, has + been + V3was, were + V3was, were + being + V3had + been + V3shall / will + be + V3shall / will + have been + V3am, is, are, was, were + going to + be + V3have / has + been + being + V3had + been + being + V3

shall / will + be + being + V3should / would + be + V3

The other examples of P.V

1. Allice writes a letterA letter is written by Allice

2. Does Allice write a letter ?Is a letter written by Allice ?3. Who write a letter ?Who is a letter written by ?

4. What does she write ?What is written ?

5. He is not writing a letterA letter is not being written by him

6. Is he writing a letter ?Is a letter being written by him ?

7. Who is writing a letter ?Who is a letter being written by ?

8. What is he writing ?What is being written ?

9. Willy gave Leony a presentLeony was given a present by Willy I.O D.OA present was given to Leony by Willy

10He wants, someone to take photographsHe wants, photographs to be taken2. RELATIVE CLAUSEA. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES : PERSONS AND THINGS It defines the thing it refers to ---

It provides essential information about the noun

There is no comma between a noun and a defining relative clause

The Forms are as follows :

SubjectObjectPossessive

For personswhowhom / whowhose

thatthat

For thingswhichwhichwhose

thatthat

Using Subject Pronoun : Who, Which, and Thate.g:I thank the woman. She helped me

I thank the woman who helped me

I thank the woman that helped me

The man robbed you. He has been arrested

The man who robbed you has been arrested

The man that robbed you has been arrested

The book is mine. It is on the table

The book which is on the table is mine The book that is on the table is mine

This is the picture. It caused such a sensation

This is the picture which caused such a sensation

This is a picture that caused such a sensation

Note :A subject pronoun cannot be omittedUsing Object Pronouns : whom(m), which, thate.g:The man was Mr. John. I saw him The man who(m) I saw was Mr. John

The man that I saw was Mr. John

He introduced me to Mary. I met her before

He introduced me to Mary who(m) I met before

He introduced me to Mary that I met before

He introduced me to Mary I met before

The movie wasnt very good. We saw it last night

The movie which we saw last night wasnt very good

The movie that we saw last night wasnt very good

I plant a tree. I water It everyday

I plant a tree which I water everyday

I plant a tree that I water everyday

I plant a tree I water everyday

Notes :-In informal English, who is often used as an object pronoun instead of whom An object pronoun can be omitted from adjective clause

The adjective clause pronouns are placed at the beginning of the clause

Place an adjective clause pronoun as close as possible to the noun it modifies

Pronoun Used As The Object Of A Preposition

e.g.:She is the woman. I told you about her She is the woman about whom I told you

She is the woman whom(m) I told you about She is the woman that I told you about She is the woman I told you aboutThe music was good. We listened to it last night

The music to which we listened last night was good

The music which we listened to last night was good

The music that we listened to last night was good

The music we listened to last night was good

Using Possessive Pronoun : Whosee.g:I know the man. His bicycle was stolen

I know the man Whose bicycle was stolen

The student writes well. I read her composition

The student whose composition I read writes well

Mr. Budi has a painting. Its value is inestimable

Mr. Budi has a painting whose value is inestimable

Notes :whose is used to show possession. It carries the same meaning as other possessive

pronouns used as adjectives ; his, her, its, their, etc.

Whose is connected to a noun. ( his bicycle ---- whose bicycle )

Both whose and the noun are placed at the beginning of the adjective clause.

Whose usually modifies people but it may also be used to modify things

whose cannot be omitted

B. NON DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE : PERSONS AND THINGS It doesnt define the thing it refers to. It simply provides additional information

They are separated from their noun by commas

The pronoun can never be omitted

The construction is fairly formal and more common in written than in spoken English.

The forms are as follows :

SubjectObjectPossessive

For PersonWhoWhom / whoWhose

For ThingsWhichWhichWhich

Using Subject Pronoun : Who, Which

Budi, Who had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town The train, which is usually very punctual, was late today

Note :No other pronoun is possible

Using Object Pronoun : Whom, Who, Which David, who(m) everyone suspected, turned out to be innocent

She gave me this jumper, which she had knitted herself

Notes :- Whom is correct form, through who is sometimes used in conversation

- That is not used here and relative pronoun can never be omitted

Using Possessive Pronoun : Whose

Nancy, whose children are at school all day, is trying to get a job His house, whose windows were all broken, was a depressing sight3. EXPRESSING REGRETS ABOUT A PAST ACTION

1.Should have and ought to have

Suggests that the event did not happen. You regret about that

You should have driven your car more carefully in the rain

( But you didnt )

He ought to have stopped smoking. ( He didnt )

2Should have ( shouldnt have ) and ought not to have ( oughtnt to have )

Suggests that the event happened

You oughtnt to have bought such an expensive watch. ( But you did )

He shouldnt have wasted his time when he was young. ( But he did )

AuxiliaryUsesPresent / FuturePast

ShouldAdvisabilityI should study tonightI should have studied last night

90 % certaintyShe should do well on the test

( future only, not present )She should have done well on the test

MustStrong necessityI must go to class todayI had to go to class yesterday

Prohibition ( - )You must not open the door-

95 % certaintyMary isnt in class. She must be sickMary must have been sick yesterday

4. TALKING ABOUT PURPOSE OF DOING SOMETHING

Notes :Sometimes you have to use so that ( not to + Infinitive ) to talk about the purpose

of doing something we use so that :

IWhen the purpose is negative ( so that .. wont / wouldnt )

I hurried so that I wouldnt be late ( = because I didnt want to be late )

Leave early so that you wont (or dont) miss the bus

IIWith can and could ( so that .. can / could . )

Hes learning English so that he can study abroad

We moved to Surabaya so that we could visit our friends more often

IIIWhen one person does something so that another person does something else

I gave him my address so that he could contact me

He wore glasses and a false beard so that nobody would recognize him

5. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES ( IF CLAUSE )

Meaning Of The

If Clause Verb Form in the

If Clause Verb Form In The

Result Clause EXAMPLES

True in the

Present / FutureSimple PresentSimple Present

Simple Futurea) If I have enough time, I write

to my parents every week

b) If I have enough time

tomorrow, I will write to

my parents

Untrue in the Present / Future

Simple PastPast Future(Would + Simple form)c) If I had enough time now, I would write to my parents

Untrue In The PastPast PerfectWould have +

Past Participled) If I had had enough time, I would have written to my

parents yesterday

6. EXPRESSING UNFULFILLED WISH

VERB FORM INVERB FORM

TRUE SENTENCEFOLLOWING WISH

A Wish about

Futurea) She will not tell me

b) He isnt going to be here

c) She cant come tomorrowI wish (that) she would tell me

I wish he were going to be here

I wish she could come tomorrow

A wish about

Presentd) I dont know Japanese

e) It is raining right now

f) I cant speak JapaneseI wish I knew Japanese

I wish it werent raining right now

I wish I could speak Japanese

A wish about

The pastg) John didnt comeh) Linda couldnt comeI wish John had come

I wish Linda could have come

Summary :

1We can use wish with a past tense to express regret about the present

( to say that we would like something to be different )

e.g :I wish there werent so many people ( There are so many people )

Do you ever wish you could fly ? ( You cant fly )

2We use would after wish when we want something to stop happening,

or we want something different to happen

e.gI wish you would be quiet. Im trying to do my homework

I wish he wouldnt leave his clothes lying all over the bathroom floor

3.we often use were instead of was especially in a more formal style

e.gI wish she werent so horrible to me ( but she is )

I wish I were taller ( but I am not )THE USING OF AS IF / AS THOUGH a) It looks like rain

b) It looks as if it is going to rain

c) It looks as though it is going to raind) It looks like it is going to rainNotice : In (a) : like is followed by a noun object

In (b), (c) : as if / as though are followed by a clause

In (d) : Like is followed by a clause. (informal English)

A, b, c , d all have the same meaning

True StatementVerb form after as if / as thoughUsually the idea following as if & as though is untrue. In this case, verb usage is similar to that in conditional sentences.

e) He is not a child

f) She did not take a shower with her clothes on

g) He has met her

h) She will be hereShe talked to him as if he were a child

When she came in form the rainstorm, she looked as if she had taken a shower with her clothes on

He acted as though he had never met her

She spoke as if she wouldnt be here

7. ORDER OF ACTIVITIES AND HOW TO DO THEM

Notes :An adverb clause can be changed to a modifying phrase only when the subject

of the adverb clause and the subject of the main clause are the same

The Examples :

I ate breakfast and then I left for work Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast

I ate breakfast, before leaving for work

She completed her shopping and then she went home After completing her shopping she went home She went home after completing her shopping

You can improve your English if you practice regularly By practicing regularly, you can improve your English

You can improve your English by practicing regularly

8.. GIVING REASONS

The Pattern :

Because = Because + Clause ( with subject and verb )

Clause ( with subject and verb ) + Because + Clause

Since =Since + Clause ( with subject and verb )

Clause ( with subject and verb ) + Since + Clause

Because of =Because of + noun / pronoun

Due to=Due to + noun / pronoun

Notes :Because and Since is used ;

1. To express the reason for a statement, or to express the answer of a why questions

2. To add a remark which gives your reason for stating a fact or opinion ,

after you have stated it.

Because of and Due to To state the reason for something. It must be followed by a noun phrase

C O N J U N C T I O N

Because Because he was sleepy, he went to bed

He went to bed because he was sleepy

Because the weather was cold ,

we stayed homeAn adverb Cl. may precede or follow the independent Cl ( , )

Introduce an adverb Cl. It is followed by a subject & Verb

Since Since hes not interested in classical music,

he decided not to go to the concertThe reasons something thats already known to the person .

As As she had nothing to do, she called up a

friend and asked her to go to movie with

herAs means Because

As /

so long as As long as (so long as) youre not busy,

could you help me with this work ?As long as means because

Now that Now that the semester is finished, Im

going to rest a few days and then take a tripNow that means because now. Now that is used for present and future situation

Inasmuch as Inasmuch as the two government leaders

could not reach a agreement, the

possibilities for peace are still remoteInasmuch as means because and usually found only in formal writing and speech

P R E P O S I T I O N

Because of Because of the cold weather, we stayed

Home

We stayed home, because of the cold weatherBecause of and Due to are followed by noun or pronoun

Due to Due to the cold weather, we stayed home

TRANSITION

Therefore Andi didnt study. Therefore,

he failed the test

Andi didnt study. He filed the test, thereforeTherefore and consequently mean as a result In grammar, they are called transitions (or conjunctive adverbs). Transitions connect the ideas between two verbs

Consequently Andi didnt study. Consequently, he failed the test

9. EXPRESSING CONTRAST OR OPPOSING IDEAS

THOUGH

ALTHOUGH

EVENTHOUGHSUBJECT + , VERB

DESPITE

IN SPITE OFNOUN, PRONOUN

( THIS, THAT, WHAT ),

V.Ing

Notes : After although we use A Subject + Verb :

Although she smokes 40 cigarettes a day, she is quiet fit

Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday

I didnt get the job although I had all the necessary qualifications

After in spite of ( or despite ) we use a noun, a pronoun (this / that / what ) or verb -ing In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our holiday

I didnt get the job despite my qualifications

She wasnt well, but in spite of this she went to work

Despite what I said last night, I still love you

Im not tired in spite of working hard all day

You can also in spite of / despite the fact (that) .. In spite of the fact (that) I was tired, I couldnt sleep

Shes quiet fit despite the fact (that) she smokes 40 cigarettes a day

Sometimes we use though instead of although

I didnt get the job though I had all the necessary qualifications

In spoken English we often use though at the end of a sentence

The house isnt very nice. I like the garden though

( = but I like the garden )

I see him every day. Ive never spoken to him though

( = but Ive never spoken to him )

Even though is a stronger form of although

Even though I was really tired, I couldnt sleep.

Pay attention to the table bellow !

ADVERB CLAUSE WORDSTRANSITIONSCONJUCTIONSPREPOSITIONS

CAUSE AND EFFECTSbecause, since, as, now that, as/so long as, so (that)therefore, consequentlyso,forbecause of,due to

OPPOSITIONeven though, although, though, whereas, whilenevertheless, nonetheless, however, on the other handbut ( anyway)yet ( still )despite,in spite of.

CONDITONIf, unless, only if, even if,

whether or notprovided (that)

providing (that)

in case (that)

in the event (that)otherwiseor (else)In case of,In the even of

10 CAUSATIVE

( Ask Someone To Do Something )

1. Make / Made ( Force )SMakeSomeoneVerb Word

Imakemy sistertakemy books

SMakeSomethingVerb Word

Imakemy bookstake( by my sister )

2.Get / Got ( Ask )SGetSomeoneTo Infinitive

Igetmy sisterto takemy books

SGetSomethingParticiple

Igetmy bookstaken( by my sister )

3.Have / Had ( Ask )\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\SHaveSomeoneVerb Word

Ihavemy sistertakemy books

SMakeSomethingParticiple

Ihavemy bookstaken( by my sister )

4Let ( Allow )SLetSomeoneVerb Word

Igetmy sistertakemy books

SLetSomethingVerb Word

Igetmy bookstake( by my sister )

11. REPORTED SPEECHPay attention to the bellow patterns !

Direct Speech

Indirect Speech1.Simple PresentSimple Past

She said, I watch TV everydayShe said (that) she watched TV everyday

2.Present ContinuousPast Continuous

She said, I am watching TV nowShe said she was watching TV then3Present PerfectPast Perfect

She said I have watched TVShe said she had watched TV

4.Present Perfect ContinuousPast Perfect Continuous

She said, Ive been watching TV She said she had been watching TV

for one hour for one hour5Simple PastPast Perfect

She said, I watched TV yesterdayShe said she had watched TV the previous day

6.Future

Future Past

She said, I will watch TV tomorrowShe said would watch TV the following day

7Future Continuous Future past Continuous

She said, I will be watching TVShe said she would have watching TV

8.Future PastFuture Past Perfect

She said, I should watch TV She said she would have watched TV

If I were youif she had been me9Be Going To (Present)Be Going To ( Past )

She said, I am going to watch TVShe said she was going to watch TV

10Must

Had To

She said, I must watch TVShe said she had to watch TV

11Exclamation

She said, Watch TV !She told me to watch TV

12Question

She said, Do you watch TV ?She asked (me) if I watch TV

Adverb of times / place

Indirect

DirectThis

That

Now

Then

Ago

Before

Today

That day

YesterdayThe day before

TomorrowThe next day / The following day

The day before yesterdayTwo days before

The day after tomorrowIn two days time

Next week / yearThe following week / year

Last week / yearThe previous week / year

A year , agoA year before / the previous year

Tense

presentpast

is / am / arewas / were

doesnt / dontdidnt

modals ( present )modals ( past )

pastpast perfect ( had + V3 )

was / werehad been

didnthad not + V3 Pronouns

youI / he / she / me / him / her / we / us

Ihe / she

wehe / she

mehim / her

usus / them

myhis / he

yourmy / his / her / our

12. PREFERENCESStudy the following patterns

PATTERNEXAMPLES

S + Prefer + Noun + To + Noun

S + Prefer + Ving + To + Ving

S + Like + Noun + Better than + Noun

S + Like + Ving + Better than + VingS + Would rather + Have + N + Than + NS + Would rather + V1 + Than + V1

S + Had better + V1 + Rather than + V1

S + Would prefer + To Inv + Rather than + V1In a polite question would rather can be followed by or to offer someone a choice

I prefer apples to orangesI prefer watching TV to studyingI like apples better than orangesI like watching TV better than studyingLia would rather have an apple than

(have) an orange

Id rather visit a big city than live thereYoud better do your homework rather than playI would prefer to cook rather than sewWould you rather have an apple or an orange

Notes :A. You can use prefer to (inv) or prefer (Ving) to say what you prefer in general I prefer tea to coffee Tom prefers driving to traveling by train

Tom prefers to drive rather than travel by train

I prefer to live in the village rather than (live) in the cityB. Use would prefer to say what someone wants to (inv) in a particular situation.You can say would prefer to (inv) or would prefer (Ving)e.g. : Should we go by plane ? Well, I would prefer to go by car or

Well, Id prefer going by car e.g. : Would you prefer tea or coffee ? Coffee please

C. Would rather (V1), Would prefer to (Inv). After would rather we use the base formE.g. : Should we go by plane ? Well, Id prefer to go by car

Well, Id rather go by car

D. When you want someone else to do something you can say I would rather you didWe use the past in this structure, but the meaning is present or future, not past

Id rather you cooked dinner now ! Do you mind if I smoke ? Id rather you didntE. Would like is followed by the infinitive I would like to be rich Would you like come to the party ?

F. You can also say : S + Would like + To have + Past participle Wed like to have taken a vacation, but we didnt have enough money Its too bad we didnt visit Tom. Id like to have seen him againThe same structure is possible after would love, hate, prefer Id love to have gone to the party, but it was impossible Poor Jim, I would hate to have been in his position

We went to a restaurant but I didnt enjoy it. Id prefer to have eaten at home13. WORD FORMSLook at the following chart for endings that can help you identify word forms

NOUNSVERBSADJECTIVESADVERBS

-acy (-cy)

-age (damage)

-al ( -al (-ial, -ical )( economical)

-ance (-ence) (deterrence)

-ant (-ent) -ant (-ent) (dominant)

-ate-ate-ate

-ation (vaccination)

-dom (freedom)

-ee (employee)

-eer (engineer)

-en-en-en

-er (-or) (writer, orator)

-ese-ese

-ess (-tress)

-ful-ful (grateful)

-hood (childhood)

-ian (-an) (vegetarian)-ian

-ia

-ic (ics) (domestic)-ic

-id

-ide

-in (-ine)

-ing (tightening)-ing (tightening)-ing

-ion (emancipation)

-ism (opportunism)

-ist (receptionist)

-ite

-ity (mentality)

-let (-lette)

-ling (yearling)

-ment (government)

-ness (carelessness)

-ocracy (democracy)

-ry (-ary, -ery)

-ship (membership)

-ster (youngster)

-tion (-sion)(elaboration)

-tive (directive)

-y (-ie) -y

-ed-ed

-er-er

-ify (

-ize (economize)

-able (-ible)(employable)

-ile

-ish (childish)

-ive (-ative, -itive)

-less (careless)

-like (childlike)

-ly-ly

-ous (-eous, -ious)(anxious)

(dangerous)-ward

-wise

Notes :-er, -or, and ee are endings used for people

-ism and asm are endings used for nouns

-ed is an ending for verbs and adjectives

-ly is an ending for most adverbs and some adjectives14. IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONHere is a list of some kinds of preposition and the objectives that occur with them

At

Amazed atamused atpuzzled at

Angry atdelighted atshocked at

Good atpleased atmad at

Hopeless atdisgusted atterrible at

In

Interested insuccessful indisappoint in

Experienced infortunate inmistaken in

Lucky in

Of

Ashamed ofproud ofafraid of

Scared ofcertain ofsure of

Convinced oftired ofglad of

On

Dependent onbased oninterested onkeen onAbout

Angry aboutworried aboutannoyed about

Happy aboutfrightened aboutdepressed about

Excited aboutpleased aboutupset about

Sorry aboutdisturbed about nervous aboutTo

Answerable toopposed to liable tosubject toBy

Annoyed bydisturbed bybored by

Frightened byconvinced bytrouble by

With

Angry withfurious withdisappoint with

Busy withhappy withdisgusted with

Comfortable withbored withpleased with

Familiar withannoyed withsatisfied with

Delighted withcontent with upset with

Concerned withEXPLANATION TEXTDefinition and Purpose Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say 'why' and 'how' about the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.

Generic structure of Explanation General statement ;

stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.

Sequenced explanation ;

stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.Language Feature of Explanation Featuring generic participant ; sun, rain, etc

Using chronological connection ; to begin with, next, etc

Using passive voice pattern

Using simple present tense

How Chocolate is made

Have we wondered how we get chocolate from? Well this time we will enter the amazing world of chocolate so we can understand exactly we are eating.

Chocolate starts a tree called cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in place such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. In side the fruits are the tree's seeds. They are also known as coco beans.

Next, the beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun. After that they are shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavor. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavor. So they are often shorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix. The next process is winnowing. The roasted beans are winnowed to remove the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter.All seeds contain some amount of fat and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs from liquid. It is pure bitter chocolate.

Note on the generic structure of this explanation sample.Every text genre has its special purpose or social function. However if we see the generic structure point, we will get the understanding which both the explanation and procedure text have similar purposes. Both explain how to make or form something. However the procedure text will explain how to form or make something completely by instruction way. That is why most of procedure text is composed in command sentences. In the other hand, explanation text will show a knowledge about how thing is formed.

The above example of explanation text has the following generic structure:

General statement; it is a statement which says about chocolate and how it is formed

Sequenced explanation; it is a series of explanation on how chocolate is formed before we eat. First, the chocolate is coming from the cacao tree. Then it is fermented and ship to the chocolate producer. The cacao bean then are roasted and winnowed.

Narrative Text

The purpose of narrative text

A narrative text is designed to entertain, create, stimulate emotion, motivate, guide and teach ; Narratives deal with problematic events which lead to a crisis or turning point of some kind, which in turn finds a resolution

Generic structure Orientation

It sets the scene and introduces the participants

( it answers the questions ; who, when, what, where )

Evaluation

A stepping back to evaluate the plight

( the information about the narrators point of view);

it is optional

Complication

A crisis or a problem arises.

It usually involves the main characters

Resolution

A solution to the problem

( for better or for worse ).

Main characters find ways to solve the problemExpressing Expressing Complaint

I want to complain about these shoes Well, this is the most unsatisfactory service Ive ever found. I booked the room myself a week ago Im afraid... Its just not enough What can you do about these rooms ? Something must be done Im sorry to say this, but this room is very dirty Im afraid Ive got a complaint about ... Would you mind not talking too loudly I wish you wouldnt bother us I am not at all satisfied with your ....Asking for Suggestions Do you think I ought to call the police ? What do you think I should buy him for his birthday ? Do you have any ideas about how I can sell my car ? Should I try to talk with him about this matter again ? If you were me, what would you tell her ? If you were in my situation, would you forgive him ? What do you advise I pack for the trip ? Do you have any advice for me ? Can you give me some advise about something ? How do you suggest I fix this broken window ? Are you suggesting I give up jogging ? What do you recommend I take, for a bad headache ? Do you have any recommendatios about a good hotel in Gorontalo ? Can you recommend a suitable drinking for dinner ? Offering Suggestions I think youd better start looking for a new job ? If I were you. Id stop writing her It would probably be a good idea to send this by express mail. Why dont you try calling her tonight ? How about taking a bus instead of driving ? Try ignoring her for awhile Id say that youd better quit the team now I dvise you to talk with your lawyer My advice is to be careful in doing business with them I suggest that we go out for dinner tonight Let me suggest that we buy a new coppier I recommend that you cancel your appoinment My recommendation is that we begin the sales program in May Asking for A Promise Promise me that you will get me all the water that I can drink

Do you promise to take care of the bird if we get one ?

Make me a promise, wont you ?

I want you to promise that youll love forever

Is that a promise ?

Do you give me your word on that ?

Do you swear that you wont forget me ?Offering A Promise I promise Ill do whatever you want.

I promise you that Ill try to be on time next time

I promise to love you endlessly

Its a promise.

I give you my word on that

You have my word on it.

I swear that my love is only for you.

Asking about Thoughts / feeling How do you feel about it ?

What are you thinking about ?

You have something on your mind ?

What are you looking so serious about ?

Is something bothering you ?

Is there anything you want to talk about ?

Want to talk about it ?

Are you O.K. ?

Are you worried about something ?

Expressing Wonder I wonder at her rudeness

I wonder how he can come here after what happened

I really wonder if he loves somebody younger

Im just wondering if she knows how much I love her

I wonder who she is

I was just wondering how to do it

I dont wonder after the treatment she had

Asking about possibility / probability Is it possible to see mount Tilongkabila from here ?

Is there any possibility of selling everything today ?

What possibility is there that they are still alive

Can you come to my house tomorrow afternoon ?

Will you be able to stop by the post office on the way home ?

Is there any chance they will meet and marry ?

What will probably happen to the main character ?Stating Possibility Maybe*Theres a chance

Perhaps*Could be

Its possible*They may be

I might meet him*Its very like

Theres a big chance

Theres a good possibility

Work in pairs, Create possible questions and responses to the following situation !Situations :

1. You are hiking with some classmates. You ask one of your classmates if the path will continue to be as good as it is now

2. Youre asking friend what he / she will probably do to prepare for the final examination

3. Possible Questions

1.

2. .

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4. Possible responses

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4. .