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English II (1)English II (1)

By Su ManhuaE-mail: sumanhua008@163.com

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Unit 4Unit 4

Changes in Life

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ObjectivesObjectivesIn this unit youstudy language related to occupations

and living;practise talking about the past;practise talking about the future;study attributive clauses;learn to express opinions.

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Session 1 Session 1 (P. 49)(P. 49)

In this session youpractise talking about the past;focus on talking about plans for

the future.

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Language Focus (1) Language Focus (1) (P. 51) (P. 51) (( 重重点点 )) 一般过去时和现在完成时

一般过去时表示过去就已经完成的动作。 Tom worked at Guangzhow before. (He doesn’t work

there anymore.) Peter lived in Wuhan for a few years. (He doesn’t live

there anymore.) 现在完成时表示开始于过去，一直持续到现在的动

作或状态。 Paul has been a teacher since he finished high school.

(He is a teacher now.) Ray has lived in Wuhan for six years. (He still lives in

Wuhan.) 现在完成时还表示过去的动作，对现在产生影响。 One day he saw an advertisement in the newspaper. He has seen the advertisement in the newspaper.

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Language Focus (1) Language Focus (1) (P. 51) (P. 51) (( 重重点点 )) 1. 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用

(yesterday, last year, 3 hours ago), 上下文时间明确时，也可省略时间状语。

She was poor in the past. When he was 65, he decided that he didn't want

to stop. One day I met John. He was with his girlfriend. 2. 现在完成时不能与具体的过去时间状语连用。 注意以下常与现在完成时搭配使用的时间状语。 (1) 无时间状语： I’ve lost my pen. I have to write with a pencil. They have been all over the world to get new id

eas.

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Language Focus (1) Language Focus (1) (P. 51) (P. 51) (( 重重点点 )) (2) 和 since, for 引起的时间状语连用：

She has taught English for ten years. He hasn't been bored since he bought the factory. (3) 和表示不确定的时间副词及短语连用，如 alread

y, before, yet, recently, lately, ever, never ： I haven't told you this before. Has Mary found her keys yet? (4) 和包括现在在内的时间状语如 now, just, today, t

his month, always, in the past few days 等连用： I've found it now. He's finished his homework today. They've made great progress in the past few years.

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Text Text (P. 49 Activity 1)(P. 49 Activity 1) 1. carry on (sth or doing sth) 继续、经营 Although there were a lot of difficulties, they car

ried on doing the experiment. He carried on business for many years in Japan. 2. hand over sth to sb 把（某物）移交（给某人） He handed over the thief to the police? take over sth from sb 从（某人）接管（某物） Frank took over the business from his father. 3. to do with 处理 What did Morgan do with the crockery factory? What did I do with my car keys? 我把车钥匙放到哪儿？

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Text Text (P. 49 Activity 1)(P. 49 Activity 1) 4. bore v. 使厌烦 be bored 感到无聊（厌烦） I’m bored to death with the subject ( 主题、问题 ). I feel bored and want to do something exciting. 5. get depressed 闷闷不乐 Xiao Wang gets depressed because he’s having pr

oblems with his English study. 6. too...to do... 太 ...... 不 ( 能 ) 做 ... You are too young to do the job. 7. have been (to) 去过 have gone (to) 去了 He has been to Shanghai many times. He has gone to Shanghai. He isn’t here now. 8. Most importantly, he hasn’t been bored since … Luckily, she was in when I called. Frankly, she is not the right person to do the job.

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Answer the questions according to the text.Answer the questions according to the text.(P. 5(P. 50)0) 1. What was Morgan Rees’s occupation ( 职业 ) bef

ore he first retired? He was a businessman. He owned three petrol stati

ons. 2. How long did he continue to work after the nor

mal retirement age? He carried on / continued for another two years. 3. How old was he when he eventually retired? He was nearly 68. 4. What did he do with his business when he left it? He handed it over to his son. 5. How did he feel after he retired? He was unhappy and bored and he began to get dep

ressed.

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Answer the questions according to the text. Answer the questions according to the text. (P. 50)(P. 50)

6. What did he do in secret ( 秘密地 )? He bought a small crockery factory. 7. Where did he find out the factory was forfor sale? He saw/read an advertisement in the newspaper. 8. How did his family react ( 反应 )? They were horrified and worried. 9. What has he done with the company since he to

ok it over ( 接管 )? He has expanded it considerably. 10. What two things has he done to improve desig

n? He has opened a new design office and appointed th

ree young designers.

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Exercise Exercise (P. 51 Activity 2)(P. 51 Activity 2) Complete the sentences with the correct form of t

he verb. Dolly says: “Morgan (1) ________ (to retire) for the first time

eight years ago. Since then we (2)_____________ (to argue) a lot about what we want to do. I (3)_______ (to want) to slow down ( 生活节奏慢下来 ) a bit. Since he first retired, I (4)______________ (to enjoy) spending more time with the grandchildren, but Morgan doesn’t want to do that. He (5)____________________ (to always want) to go on working.

retiredhave argued

wantedhave enjoyed

has always wanted

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Exercise Exercise (P. 51 Activity 2)(P. 51 Activity 2) It’s true that he (6)_______________ (to be depr

essed) before he bought the factory, and he (7)_________ (to be) better since he started working again. It’s not really too bad - we (8)__________ (to be) abroad together for business several times. Last month we (9)_____ (to go) to Austria ( 奥地利 ) and Hungary ( 匈牙利 ) - which was very nice. But I am a bit bored on my own in the house, so I (10)____________ (to do) a lot of decorating ( 装修 ) this year and I (11) ____________ (to join) the local choir ( 合唱队 ).

was depressed

has been

have beenwent

have done

have joined

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Exercise Exercise (P. 52 Activity 3)(P. 52 Activity 3)

Write out the questions that correspond to the answers given below.

1. I wanted to slow down a bit.

2. I have enjoyed spending more time with the grandchildren.

3. He was depressed before he bought it.

How did you want to spend your time?

What have you enjoyed doing?

How was Morgan before he bought the factory?

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Exercise Exercise (P. 52 Activity 3)(P. 52 Activity 3) 4. He has been better since he started working again.

5. We’ve been to several countries together.

6. We went to Austria.

7. I have done a lot of decorating.

8. I have joined the choir.

How has Morgan been since he started working again?

Have you been abroad together?

Where did you go last month?

What have you done this year?

What have you joined?

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Language Focus (2) Language Focus (2) (P. 53) (P. 53) (( 重重点点 )) 谈论将来

1 、现在进行时可用来表示最近的将来，说明打算、安排和意图。

Next month I'm having discussions with an agent in Brazil.

We're staying for two weeks and we're visiting Rio. 2 、 "be going to + 动词原形 " 也用来谈论将来的意图，

相当于 intend 。 I’m going to work till I drop ( 撑不住 ). 区别：强调安排，用现在进行时： Ar

e you free in July? No, I'm staying with my parents in July.

强调意图，用、“ be going to + 动词原形” ： Have you got any plans for the summer? I'm going to stay with my parents in July.

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Language Focus (3) Language Focus (3) (P. 54) (P. 54) (( 重重点点 )) 表示将来的时间状语

将来某个具体时间： tomorrow, the day after tomorrow tomorrow morning/ afternoon/ evening/ night Tuesday/ Wednesday week ( 下周二 / 三） a week/ month tomorrow ( 从明天起一周 / 月后） next weekend/ week/ month/ year( 下个周末 / 下周 ...) the weekend/ week/ month/ year after next ( 下下个周

末 / 下下周 / 下下月 / 后年） in three days’ / months’ / years’ time ( 三天 / 月 / 年

后） 这些短语既可以放在句首也可放在句尾。 The day after tomorrow I'm signing a new contract w

ith an Italian customer. I'm having discussions with an agent in Brazil next

month.

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Language Focus (4) Language Focus (4) (P. 56)(P. 56) 用 here, there 和 one 避免重复 1 、 here 指代离说话者近的地方， there 指代

离说话者远的地方： I am writing to you from Rio. We've been h

ere ( in Rio) since Sunday. I was in Italy and when I was there (in Italy)

I went to Vatican ( 梵蒂冈） Museum. 2 、 one 代替单数名词， ones 代替复数名词 : I took a trip on a sailing boat yesterday. I h

ave never been on one (a sailing boat) before.

The restaurants in Rio are good but the ones (restaurants) here are much better.

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Reading Reading (P. 55 Activity 8)(P. 55 Activity 8) Read Dolly’s postcard to her friend Jenny. Jenny, I’m writing to you from Rio. We’ve been here sin

ce Sunday. It’s amazing everyone speaks English here. Last y

ear I learnt some Portuguese on holiday in Portugal because no one speaks English there, but I don’t need it here. I took a trip on a sailing boat in the harbour yesterday. I’ve never been on one before - think of that! (Morgan was working, of course.) Then we ate in a fabulous restaurant, the one we read about in your guidebook. Why don’t you come here for your next holiday? You can book a hotel right in the centre. I can recommend a really good one.

Much love, Dolly

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Reading Reading (P. 55 Activity 8)(P. 55 Activity 8) Answer the questions about Dolly’s trip to

Brazil. 1. Where have they been since Sunday? They have been in Rio. 2. Where is English not spoken? English is not spoken in Portugal. 3. Where does everyone speak English? Everyone speaks English in Rio. 4. What hasn’t she done before? She’s never taken a trip on a sailing boat

before.

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Reading Reading (P. 55 Activity 8)(P. 55 Activity 8) 5. Where did they read about the restauran

t? They read about it in Jenny’s guidebook. 6. Where does she want Jenny to go for he

r next holiday? She wants her to go to Rio. 7. What can Dolly recommend? She can recommend a good hotel. 8. Where is it? It’s right in the centre.

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Exercise Exercise (P. 56 Activity 9)(P. 56 Activity 9) Dear Jim, I’m writing to you from Veracruz. It’s

beautiful in Veracruz (here). I hope you are all well in London and that the sun is shining in London (there) too.

We arrived in Veracruz (here) on Sunday. Peter caught a cold on the drive, but it wasn’t a bad cold (one). The chemist told him to wear a scarf in the mountains, but Peter didn’t have a scarf (one), so we bought a scarf (one) in a market. They had some beautiful scarves (ones) in the market and it was difficult to choose.

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Exercise Exercise (P. 56 Activity 9)(P. 56 Activity 9) The markets in the small towns are very

interesting. This market (one) had really good musicians. You must come to Mexico. Everyone is very friendly and helpful in Mexico (here).

Anyway, I send my love to everyone in London (there). We will be back in London (there) too soon for me! we leave Mexico (here) on Friday and arrive on Sunday. Yours,

Pauline

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Session 2 Session 2 (P. 56)(P. 56)

In this session youstudy attributive clauses;learn to express opinions.

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Language Focus (5) Language Focus (5) (P. 59-60) (P. 59-60) (( 重重点点 )) 关系代词

引导定语从句的代词称为关系代词 , 它有下列三重作用： 连接主句和从句； 指代先行词（即定语从句所修饰的词）； 在定语从句中担任语法成分。

1. 关系代词 who: 只可指人 , 是主格 , 在从句中做主语。

The boy is my brother. The boy is standing by the door

上两个句子用 who 连起来。 The boy who is standing by the door is my brot

her. 关系代词 whom: 只可指人 , 是宾格 ; 在从句中做宾

语。 She is a lovely girl whom/who everyone likes.

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Language Focus (5) Language Focus (5) (P. 59-60) (P. 59-60) (( 重重点点 )) 2. 关系代词 which: 一般指物，在从句中既可做

主语也可做宾语。 It hit the police car. The police car was stopping th

e traffic. ( 用 which 代替 the police car 形成定语从句 ) It hit the police car which was stopping the traffic.

它（那辆车）撞到了正在拦截车流的警车上。 3. 关系代词 that: 既可指人也可指物，在从句中

既可做主语也可做宾语，可代替 who, whom 或 which ( 非限定性定语从句除外）

I listened to journalists that/ who were excited about the changes in Russia.

It hit the police car that/ which was stopping the traffic.

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Language Focus (5) Language Focus (5) (P. 60-61) (P. 60-61) (( 重重点点 ))

4. 关系代词 whose: 是所有格，在从句中做定语。 I started looking after other children. Their pare

nts went out to work. I started looking after other children whose par

ents went out to work. We visited the factory whose products we had u

sed for many years. 5. 当关系代词在限定性定语从句中做宾语时 , 可以省略： Do you know the girl who/ that I am meeting ton

ight? Do you know the girl I am meeting tonight? I have found the keys which/ that I lost. I have found the keys I lost.

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Exercise Exercise (P. 60 Activity 13)(P. 60 Activity 13) 1. The article is about a

man… 2. He didn’t like to

work for newspapers... 3. There were a lot of

journalists... 4. After he left

journalism, he met his future wife…

5. He looks after children…

6. 7:30 pm is the time...

a. He didn’t like the journalists.

b. He likes 7:30 pm best.

c. His wife was a sailor.

d. The man was a journalist.

e. Their editors only wanted bad news.

f. Their parents are his friends.

who

whose

who

who

whose

which

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Exercise Exercise (P. 61 Activity 14)(P. 61 Activity 14) Part APart A 1. The hospital was shut. We wanted to visit t

he hospital. The hospital which we wanted to visit was shut. 2. Most of the journalists couldn’t speak Russi

an. We met the journalists in Moscow. 3. We wrote the report in two hours. You as

ked for the report immediately. 4. The books are in the library. We need

the books for the article. 5. I liked the cameras . We chose

the cameras for the Bosnia job. 6. The newspaper has closed. I used to work

for this newspaper.

(which / that)

(whom / that)

(which / that)

(which / that)

(which / that)

(which / that)

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Exercise Exercise (P. 61 Activity 14)(P. 61 Activity 14) Part BPart B 1. The family _________ couldn’t pay the

bills was sued by the man _________ owned the company.

2. The person ____________ he met on the boat became his wife.

3. The war correspondent _________ wrote the article has returned.

4. The article ____________ he wrote has been published several times.

5. The children ___________ he looked after were all under five.

6. The story ___________ he wrote was the one ___________ got him the job.

who/thatwho/that

(whom/that)

who/that

(which/that)

(whom/that)

(which/that)which/that

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Exercise Exercise (P. 57 Activity 10)(P. 57 Activity 10) Complete the questions the interviewer

asks, using one of the following words. did, hard, become, job, journalism, start Example: How did you start? 1. Why did you ______ child-minding? 2. Why did you give up ___________ to sail

full-time. 3. Is it _____ work? 4. Why did you ________ a journalist? 5. What was your very first _____ ?

start

journalism

hard

become

job

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Text Text (P. 57 Activity 11)(P. 57 Activity 11) Useful words, phrases and structures: 1. care about 关心 , 在意 I don’t care about what he said. 2. ask for 询问，要求 John asked for your telephone number this

morning. They often ask us for help. 3. by chance 偶然、碰巧 He discovered the mistake by chance. 4. see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 I saw the train coming into the station. I saw the boys running out of the classroom.

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Text Text (P. 57 Activity 11)(P. 57 Activity 11) 5. give up 放弃 Can’t you give up smoking? He gave up journalism. 6. watch sb do sth 看着某人做某事 使役动词 make, let, have, 感官动词 see, watc

h, hear, notice, feel, 以及短语 listen to, look at 等跟不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语。

I saw him enter the hall. They let me go to Shanghai by plane. Words and expressions related to jobs: ask for a job 求职 apply for a job 求职 take on 聘用，雇用 employ 雇用 resign 辞职 quit 辞职 sack 解雇 dismiss 解雇 unemployment n.失业 lose one’s job 失业

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Text Text (P. 57 Activity 11)(P. 57 Activity 11)

Match each of the questions from Activity 11 with an appropriate paragraph to answer it.

Paragraph A: (5) What was your very first job? Paragraph B: (4) Why did you become a

journalist? Paragraph C: (2) why did you give up

journalism to sail full-time? Paragraph D: (1) why did you start child-

minding? Paragraph E: (3) Is it hard work?

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Exercise Exercise (P. 59 Activity 12)(P. 59 Activity 12) Put the following events in the right order. a. He started going out with a keen sailor. b. He sold double-glazing. c. His first child was born. d. He left school. e. He started child-minding. f. He got a job with a local paper. g. He went on a lot of sailing trips. h. He wrote the article “Horror at Death

Bend”. i. He gave up journalism.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

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Language Focus (6) Language Focus (6) (P. 62)(P. 62) 表述看法 1 、下列句子结构后跟名词、动名词及 that 从句来表述看法： The best thing is the beautiful sea / swimming i

n the beautiful sea / that I can swim in the beautiful sea.

The most important thing for me is a good salary / earning a good salary / that I earn a good salary.

What I hated most was the long hours of work / working long hours / that I had to work long hours.

2 、 It doesn‘t matter that... 意为“ ......没关系。”也可表述看法，表明态度。 It doesn't matter that we hardly ever leave the village now.

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Exercise Exercise (P. 62 Activity 15)(P. 62 Activity 15) 1. Paragraph E: The best thing is that the chi

ldren usually amuse each other. 2. Paragraph B: As a journalist the worst thi

ng was that you were always looking for terrible things so that you could report them.

3. Paragraph D: What I like most is that I am with our children all day, so I started looking after other children whose parents went out to work.

4. Paragraph E: What I enjoy most is at 7:30 in the evening, the children go to bed and my wife and I have a large glass of wine.

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Exercise Exercise (P. 62 Activity 15)(P. 62 Activity 15) 5. Paragraph C: What I hated most was thei

r excitement. 6. Paragraph E: The most important thing f

or me is that I am with my family and that I can watch my children grow up.

7. Paragraph E: It doesn’t matter that we hardly ever leave the village now.

8. Paragraph A: I thought it was awful that the company only cared about money, so I resigned.

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WritingWriting (P. 63 Activity 18)(P. 63 Activity 18) Think about your life and any major changes.

Think about what is better now and what was worse before. Then complete the following sentence stems.

1. The best thing is … 2. The worst thing was … 3. What I enjoy most is … 4. What I hated most was … 5. The most important thing for me is … 6. It doesn’t matter that ...

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Listening (1) Listening (1) (P. 52 Activity 4) (P. 52 Activity 4) (( 重点重点 ))

Listen and complete the sentences. 1. I ______________ retire. 2. I ________ to work till I drop. 3. I __________ a new contract with an

Italian customer. 4. I ____________________ with an agent

in Brazil. 5. My wife _________ as well. 6. We __________ for two weeks. 7. We ___________ Rio. 8. Then we ____________ up to the north

where I __________ some clients.

’m not going to’m going’m signing

’m having discussions

’s coming’re staying’re visiting

’re travelling’m meeting

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Listening (2) Listening (2) (P. 54 Activity 6) (P. 54 Activity 6) (( 重重点点 )) Plans and intentions Going to V-ing form

1. travel to Brazil 1. 1. 2. book the flights 2. 2. 3. fly straight to Rio 3. 3. 4. to do some sightseeing 4. 4. 5. to take a plane to Recife 5. 5. 6. to lie on the beach 6. 6. 7. to hire an office 7. 7. 8. to meet their son 8. 8. 9. to hire a car 9. 9. 10. to drive around 10. 10. 11. to pick up 11. 11.

√√√

√√

√√√√

√√

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Listening and Speaking (3) Listening and Speaking (3) (P. 54 Activity 7)(P. 54 Activity 7)

1. What are your plans? (today - fly - New York) Today I’m flying to New York. 2. What are you doing then? (tomorro

w - meet Mr Jones) Tomorrow I’m meeting Mr Jones. 3. What are you doing after that? (the day after tomor

row - drive - Baltimore 巴尔的摩，美国一城市） The day after tomorrow I’m driving to Baltimore. 4. What are you doing next?

(in three days’ time - visit - GIB International) In three days’ time, I’m visiting GIB International. 5. And then? (a week tomorrow - return - London) A week tomorrow I’m returning to London.

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Listening (4) Listening (4) (P. 62 Activity 16)(P. 62 Activity 16)

Read and learn the following words and expressions. It takes sb. (time) to do sth. 某人花费 ( 时间 ) 做某事 entire 整个的 rows 争吵 to be honest 说实话 split up 离婚 house-husband 操持家务的丈夫 drop sb. off 使 ( 某人 ) 下车 voluntarily 自愿地 wildlife 野生动物 charity 慈善团体 (机构 ) fresh 新鲜的

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Listening (4) Listening (4) (P. 62 Activity 16) (P. 62 Activity 16) (( 重重点点 ))

Lifestyle London Yorkshire 1. better cultural life 1. 1. 2. no money 2. 2. 3. cheaper 3. 3. 4. long journey to work 4. 4. 5. short journey to work 5. 5. 6. more time 6. 6. 7. exhausted 7. 7. 8. lots of arguments 8. 8. 9. better life 9. 9.

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

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Listening (5) Listening (5) (P. 63 Activity 17)(P. 63 Activity 17) 1. The best thing is … 2. The worst thing was

… 3. What I enjoy most is

… 4. What I hated most w

as … 5. The most important

thing for me is … 6. It doesn’t matter tha

t ...

a. we never had any time for the children.

b. I don’t earn very much money.

c. that we have so much free time.

d. the fresh air and the sea.

e. the constant rows. f. that Steve and I are

happy together now.

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Listening and Speaking (6) Listening and Speaking (6) (P. 63 Activity 19)(P. 63 Activity 19)

1. Who did you meet last night? (friend - he is a journalist)

My friend who is a journalist. 2. What did you discuss? (articl

e - I am writing) The article that I’m writing. 3. What is it about? (demonstrat

ion-it took place last week) The demonstration that took place last week. 4. Who will publish it? (th

e newspaper - my friend works for it) The newspaper that my friend works for.

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The EndThe End