English Grade 11 California Standards Test With Answer Key 2009

7/30/2019 English Grade 11 California Standards Test With Answer Key 2009

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E ^ J B H FJLACK^MAJ VRJMBJ^BV RHVR

^hlhjvhb Rhvr ZxhvrakmvHmelav`Ljmexjeh J~rv::

^HJBAME

R`h ^hjbame tk~rakm kc r`h E~jbh :: Fjlack~maj Hmelav`Ljmexjeh J~rv Vrjmbj~bv Rhvr `jv r`~hh vr~jmbv+

~htk~rame flxvrh~v7 Uk~b Jmjlqvav, ^hjbame Fkot~h`hmvakm, jmb Larh~j~q ^hvtkmvh jmb Jmjlqvav- Hjf` kc

r`hvh vr~jmbv+flxvrh~v av bhvf~anhb nhlku-

R`h Uk~b Jmjlqvav Vr~jmb+Flxvrh~

R`h ckllkuame r`~hh Fjlack~maj Hmelav`Ljmexjeh J~rv fkmrhmr vrjmbj~bv j~h amflxbhb am r`h Uk~b Jmjlqvav

vr~jmb+flxvrh~ jmb j~h ~ht~hvhmrhb am ràv nkkilhr nq :> rhvr zxhvrakmv ck~ e~jbh ::- R`hvh zxhvrakmv

~ht~hvhmr kmlq vkoh ujqv am uàf` r`hvh vrjmbj~bv ojq nh jvvhvvhb km r`h E~jbh :: Fjlack~maj Hmelav`

Ljmexjeh J~rv Vrjmbj~bv Rhvr-

:: U:-4 UK^B JMJLQVAV, CLXHMFQ, JMB VQVRHOJRAF SKFJNXLJ^Q BHSHLKTOHMR7

Vrxbhmrv jttlq r`ha~ imkulhbeh kc uk~b k~aeamv rk bhrh~oamh r`h ohjmame kc mhuuk~bv hmfkxmrh~hb am ~hjbame ojrh~ajlv jmb xvh r`kvh uk~bv jffx~jrhlq-

::Û:-: Skfjnxlj~q jmb Fkmfhtr Bhshlktohmr7 R~jfh r`h hrqoklkeq kc vaemacafjmr rh~ov xvhb amtklarafjl vfahmfh jmb àvrk~q-

::Û:-> Skfjnxlj~q jmb Fkmfhtr Bhshlktohmr7 Jttlq imkulhbeh kc E~hhi, Ljram, jmb Jmelk/Vjpkm ~kkrv jmb jccaphv rk b~ju amch~hmfhv fkmfh~mame r`h ohjmame kc vfahmracaf jmbojr`hojrafjl rh~oamklkeq-

::Û:-6 Skfjnxlj~q jmb Fkmfhtr Bhshlktohmr7 Bavfh~m r`h ohjmame kc jmjlkeahv hmfkxmrh~hb,jmjlqwame vthfacaf fkotj~avkmv jv uhll jv ~hljrakmvàtv jmb amch~hmfhv-

>

Ràv av j vjotlh kc Fjlack~maj Vrjmbj~bv Rhvr zxhvrakmv- Ràv av MKR jm kth~jrakmjl rhvr ck~o- Rhvr vfk~hv fjmmkr nh t~kghfrhb

njvhb km th~ck~ojmfh km ~hlhjvhb rhvr zxhvrakmv- Fktq~ae`r >441 Fjlack~maj Bhtj~rohmr kc Hbxfjrakm-


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FJLACK^MAJ VRJMBJ^BV RHVR E ^ J B H

^hlhjvhb Rhvr Zxhvrakmv Hmelav`Ljmexjeh J~rv ::

R`h ^hjbame Fkot~h`hmvakm Vr~jmb+Flxvrh~

R`h ckllkuame vap Fjlack~maj Hmelav`Ljmexjeh J~rv fkmrhmr vrjmbj~bv j~h amflxbhb am r`h ^hjbame

Fkot~h`hmvakm vr~jmb+flxvrh~ jmb j~h ~ht~hvhmrhb am ràv nkkilhr nq >5 rhvr zxhvrakmv ck~ e~jbh ::- R`hvh

zxhvrakmv ~ht~hvhmr kmlq vkoh ujqv am uàf` r`hvh vrjmbj~bv ojq nh jvvhvvhb km r`h E~jbh :: Fjlack~majHmelav`Ljmexjeh J~rv Vrjmbj~bv Rhvr-

::^F>-4 ^HJBAME FKOT^H@HMVAKM (CKFXV KM AMCKÔJRAKMJL OJRHÂJLV!7 Vrxbhmrv~hjb jmb xmbh~vrjmb e~jbh/lhshl/jtt~kt~ajrh ojrh~ajl- R`hq jmjlqwh r`hk~ejmawjrakmjl tjrrh~mv, j~exohmrv, jmb tkvarakmv jbsjmfhb- R`h vhlhfrakmv am^hfkoohmbhb ^hjbamev am Larh~jrx~h, E~jbhv Mamh R`~kxe` Ruhlshallxvr~jrh r`hzxjlarq jmb fkotlhparq kc r`h ojrh~ajlv rk nh ~hjb nq vrxbhmrv- Am jbbarakm, nq e~jbhruhlsh, vrxbhmrv ~hjb ruk oallakm uk~bv jmmxjllq km r`ha~ kum, amflxbame j uabhsj~ahrq kc fljvvaf jmb fkmrhotk~j~q larh~jrx~h, ojejwamhv, mhuvtjth~v, jmb kmlamhamck~ojrakm-

::^F>-: Vr~xfrx~jl Chjrx~hv kc Amck~ojrakmjl Ojrh~ajlv7 Jmjlqwh nkr` r`h chjrx~hv jmb r`h

~`hrk~afjl bhsafhv kc bacch~hmr rqthv kc txnlaf bkfxohmrv (h-e-, tklafq vrjrhohmrv, vthhf`hv,bhnjrhv, tljrck~ov! jmb r`h ujq am uàf` jxr`k~v xvh r`kvh chjrx~hv jmb bhsafhv-

::^F>-> Fkot~h`hmvakm jmb Jmjlqvav kc E~jbh/Lhshl/Jtt~kt~ajrh Rhpr7 Jmjlqwh r`h ujq amuàf` flj~arq kc ohjmame av jcchfrhb nq r`h tjrrh~mv kc k~ejmawjrakm, àh~j~fàfjl vr~xfrx~hv,~hthrarakm kc r`h ojam abhjv, vqmrjp, jmb uk~b f`kafh am r`h rhpr-

::^F>-6 Fkot~h`hmvakm jmb Jmjlqvav kc E~jbh/Lhshl/Jtt~kt~ajrh Rhpr7 Sh~acq jmb flj~acq cjfrvt~hvhmrhb am kr`h~ rqthv kc hptkvark~q rhprv nq xvame j sj~ahrq kc fkmvxoh~, uk~itljfh, jmbtxnlaf bkfxohmrv-

::^F>-2 Fkot~h`hmvakm jmb Jmjlqvav kc E~jbh/Lhshl/Jtt~kt~ajrh Rhpr7 Ojih uj~~jmrhb jmb~hjvkmjnlh jvvh~rakmv jnkxr r`h jxr`k~v j~exohmrv nq xvame hlhohmrv kc r`h rhpr rkbhchmb jmb flj~acq amrh~t~hrjrakmv-

::^F>-8 Fkot~h`hmvakm jmb Jmjlqvav kc E~jbh/Lhshl/Jtt~kt~ajrh Rhpr7 Jmjlqwh jm jxr`k~vaotlafar jmb hptlafar tàlkvktàfjl jvvxotrakmv jmb nhlahcv jnkxr j vxnghfr-

::^F>-3 Hptkvark~q F~arazxh7 F~arazxh r`h tkuh~, sjlabarq, jmb r~xr`cxlmhvv kc j~exohmrv vhr ck~r` amtxnlaf bkfxohmrv9 r`ha~ jtthjl rk nkr` c~ahmblq jmb `kvralh jxbahmfhv9 jmb r`h hprhmr rkuàf` r`h j~exohmrv jmrafatjrh jmb jbb~hvv ~hjbh~ fkmfh~mv jmb fkxmrh~fljaov (h-e-,jtthjl rk ~hjvkm, rk jxr`k~arq, rk tjr`kv jmb hokrakm!-

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UÂRAME

R`h U~arame tk~rakm kc r`h E~jbh :: Fjlack~maj Hmelav`Ljmexjeh J~rv Vrjmbj~bv Rhvr `jv ruk vr~jmbv+

~htk~rame flxvrh~v7 U~arame Vr~jrheahv jmb U~arrhm Fkmshmrakmv- Hjf` kc r`hvh vr~jmbv+flxvrh~v av bhvf~anhb

nhlku-

R`h U~arame Vr~jrheahv Vr~jmb+Flxvrh~

R`h ckllkuame vhshm Fjlack~maj Hmelav`Ljmexjeh J~rv fkmrhmr vrjmbj~bv j~h amflxbhb am r`h U~arame Vr~jrheahv

vr~jmb+flxvrh~ jmb j~h ~ht~hvhmrhb am ràv nkkilhr nq 62 rhvr zxhvrakmv ck~ e~jbh ::- R`hvh zxhvrakmv ~ht~hvhmr kmlq

vkoh ujqv am uàf` r`hvh vrjmbj~bv ojq nh jvvhvvhb km r`h E~jbh :: Fjlack~maj Hmelav`Ljmexjeh J~rv

Vrjmbj~bv Rhvr-

::UV:-4 UÂRAME VR^JRHEAHV7 Vrxbhmrv u~arh fk`h~hmr jmb ckfxvhb rhprv r`jr fkmshq juhll/bhcamhb th~vthfrash jmb rae`rlq ~hjvkmhb j~exohmr- R`h u~arame bhokmvr~jrhvvrxbhmrv juj~hmhvv kc r`h jxbahmfh jmb tx~tkvh jmb t~ke~hvvakm r`~kxe` r`hvrjehv kc r`h u~arame t~kfhvv-

::UV:-: K~ejmawjrakm jmb Ckfxv7 Bhokmvr~jrh jm xmbh~vrjmbame kc r`h hlhohmrv kc bavfkx~vh(h-e-, tx~tkvh, vthjih~, jxbahmfh, ck~o! u`hm fkotlhrame mj~~jrash, hptkvark~q, th~vxjvash,k~ bhvf~atrash u~arame jvvaemohmrv-

::UV:-> K~ejmawjrakm jmb Ckfxv7 Xvh tkamr kc sahu, f`j~jfrh~awjrakm, vrqlh (h-e-, xvh kc a~kmq!, jmb~hljrhb hlhohmrv ck~ vthfacaf ~`hrk~afjl jmb jhvr`hraf tx~tkvhv-

::UV:-6 K~ejmawjrakm jmb Ckfxv7 Vr~xfrx~h abhjv jmb j~exohmrv am j vxvrjamhb, th~vxjvash, jmbvktàvrafjrhb ujq jmb vxttk~r r`ho uar` t~hfavh jmb ~hlhsjmr hpjotlhv-

::UV:-2 K~ejmawjrakm jmb Ckfxv7 Hm`jmfh ohjmame nq hotlkqame ~`hrk~afjl bhsafhv, amflxbame

r`h hprhmbhb xvh kc tj~jllhlavo, ~hthrarakm, jmb jmjlkeq9 r`h amfk~tk~jrakm kc savxjl jabv(h-e-, e~jt`v, rjnlhv, tafrx~hv!9 jmb r`h avvxjmfh kc j fjll ck~ jfrakm-

::UV:-8 K~ejmawjrakm jmb Ckfxv7 Xvh ljmexjeh am mjrx~jl, c~hv`, jmb sasab ujqv rk hvrjnlav` jvthfacaf rkmh-

::UV:-5 ^hvhj~f` jmb Rhf`mklkeq7 Xvh vqvrhojraf vr~jrheahv rk k~ejmawh jmb ~hfk~b amck~ojrakm(h-e-, jmhfbkrjl vf~atrame, jmmkrjrhb nanlake~jtàhv!-

::UV:-1 Hsjlxjrakm jmb ^hsavakm7 ^hsavh rhpr rk àe`lae`r r`h ambasabxjl skafh, aot~ksh vhmrhmfhsj~ahrq jmb vrqlh, jmb hm`jmfh vxnrlhrq kc ohjmame jmb rkmh am ujqv r`jr j~h fkmvavrhmruar` r`h tx~tkvh, jxbahmfh, jmb ehm~h-

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^hlhjvhb Rhvr ZxhvrakmvHmelav`Ljmexjeh J~rv


::

R`h U~arrhm Fkmshmrakmv Vr~jmb+Flxvrh~

R`h ckllkuame ruk Fjlack~maj Hmelav`Ljmexjeh J~rv fkmrhmr vrjmbj~bv j~h amflxbhb am r`h U~arrhm

Fkmshmrakmv vr~jmb+flxvrh~ jmb j~h ~ht~hvhmrhb am ràv nkkilhr nq :3 rhvr zxhvrakmv ck~ e~jbh ::- R`hvh zxhvrakmv

~ht~hvhmr kmlq vkoh ujqv am uàf` r`hvh vrjmbj~bv ojq nh jvvhvvhb km r`h E~jbh :: Fjlack~majHmelav`Ljmexjeh J~rv Vrjmbj~bv Rhvr-

::UF:-4 UÂRRHM JMB K^JL HMELAV@ LJMEXJEH FKMSHMRAKMV7 Vrxbhmrv u~arh jmbvthji uar` j fkoojmb kc vrjmbj~b Hmelav` fkmshmrakmv-

::UF:-: Bhokmvr~jrh fkmr~kl kc e~jooj~, bafrakm, jmb tj~je~jt` jmb vhmrhmfh vr~xfrx~h, jmb jmxmbh~vrjmbame kc Hmelav` xvjeh-

::UF:-> T~kbxfh lheanlh uk~i r`jr v`kuv jffx~jrh vthllame jmb fk~~hfr txmfrxjrakm jmbfjtarjlawjrakm-

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^hlhjvhb Rhvr Zxhvrakmv Hmelav`Ljmexjeh J~rv


::

hpfh~tr c~ko Qkxme Ekkbojm N~kum

nq Mjr`jmahl @jur`k~mh

: Qkxme Ekkbojm: N~kum fjoh ck~r` jr vxmvhr amrk r`h vr~hhr jr Vjlho salljeh9 nxr txr àv `hjb njfi, jcrh~

f~kvvame r`h r`~hv`klb, rk hpf`jmeh j tj~rame iavv uar` àv qkxme uach- Jmb Cjar`, jv r`h uach ujv jtrlq mjohb,

r`~xvr `h~ kum t~hrrq `hjb amrk r`h vr~hhr, lhrrame r`h uamb tljq uar` r`h tami ~annkmv km `h~ fjt uàlh v`h

fjllhb rk Ekkbojm N~kum-

> Bhj~hvr `hj~r, uàvth~hb v`h, vkcrlq jmb ~jr`h~ vjblq, u`hm `h~ latv uh~h flkvh rk àv hj~, t~ar`hh txr kcc

qkx~ gkx~mhq xmral vxm~avh jmb vlhht am qkx~ kum nhb rk/mae`r- J lkmh ukojm av r~kxnlhb uar` vxf` b~hjov jmb

vxf` r`kxe`rv r`jr v`hv jchj~b kc `h~vhlc vkohraohv- T~jq rj~~q uar` oh ràv mae`r, bhj~ `xvnjmb, kc jll mae`rv

am r`h qhj~-

6 Oq lksh jmb oq Cjar`, ~htlahb qkxme Ekkbojm N~kum, kc jll mae`rv am r`h qhj~, ràv kmh mae`r oxvr A

rj~~q jujq c~ko r`hh- Oq gkx~mhq, jv r`kx fjllhvr ar, ck~r` jmb njfi jejam, oxvr mhhbv nh bkmh ruapr mku jmbvxm~avh- U`jr, oq vuhhr, t~hrrq uach, bkvr r`kx bkxnr oh jl~hjbq, jmb uh nxr r`~hh okmr`v oj~~ahb;

2 R`hm Ekb nlhvv qkx* vjab Cjar`, uar` r`h tami ~annkmv9 jmb ojq qkx camb jll uhll u`hm qkx fkoh njfi-

8 Johm* f~ahb Ekkbojm N~kum- Vjq r`q t~jqh~v, bhj~ Cjar`, jmb ek rk nhb jr bxvi, jmb mk `j~o uall

fkoh rk r`hh-

3 Vk r`hq tj~rhb9 jmb r`h qkxme ojm tx~vxhb àv ujq xmral, nhame jnkxr rk rx~m r`h fk~mh~ nq r`h ohhrame/

`kxvh, `h lkkihb njfi jmb vju r`h `hjb kc Cjar` vrall thhtame jcrh~ ào uar` j ohljmf`klq ja~, am vtarh kc `h~

tami ~annkmv-

5 Tkk~ larrlh Cjar`* r`kxe`r `h, ck~ àv `hj~r vokrh ào- U`jr j u~hrf` jo A rk lhjsh `h~ km vxf` jm

h~~jmb* V`h rjliv kc b~hjov, rkk- Ohr`kxe`r jv v`h vtkih r`h~h ujv r~kxnlh am `h~ cjfh, jv ac j b~hjo `jb

uj~mhb `h~ u`jr uk~i av rk nh bkmh rk/mae`r- Nxr mk, mk9 rukxlb iall `h~ rk ràmi ar- Uhll, v`hv j nlhvvhb jmehl

km hj~r`9 jmb jcrh~ ràv kmh mae`r All flame rk `h~ via~rv jmb ckllku `h~ rk `hjshm-

0 Uar` ràv hpfhllhmr ~hvklsh ck~ r`h cxrx~h, Ekkbojm N~kum chlr aovhlc gxvracahb am ojiame ok~h jvrh km

àv t~hvhmr hsal tx~tkvh- @h `jb rjihm j b~hj~q ~kjb, bj~ihmhb nq jll r`h elkkoahvr r~hhv kc r`h ck~hvr, uàf`

nj~hlq vrkkb jvabh rk lhr r`h mj~~ku tjr` f~hht r`~kxe`, jmb flkvhb aoohbajrhlq nhàmb- Ar ujv jll jv lkmhlq jv

fkxlb nh9 jmb r`h~h av ràv thfxlaj~arq am vxf` j vklarxbh, r`jr r`h r~jshllh~ imkuv mkr u`k ojq nh fkmfhjlhb

nq r`h ammxoh~jnlh r~xmiv jmb r`h ràfi nkxe`v ksh~`hjb9 vk r`jr uar` lkmhlq ckkrvrhtv `h ojq qhr nh tjvvamer`~kxe` jm xmvhhm oxlrarxbh-

1 R`h~h ojq nh jm Ambajm nhàmb hsh~q r~hh, vjab Ekkbojm N~kum rk àovhlc9 jmb `h eljmfhb chj~cxllq

nhàmb ào jv `h jbbhb, U`jr ac r`h bhsal àovhlc v`kxlb nh jr oq sh~q hlnku*

5



:Ekkbojm7 rarlh kc ~hvthfr ck~ cj~oh~ k~ `kxvh`klbh~-


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:4 @av `hjb nhame rx~mhb njfi, `h tjvvhb j f~kki kc r`h ~kjb, jmb, lkkiame ck~uj~b jejam, nh`hlb r`h caex~h kc

j ojm, am e~jsh jmb bhfhmr jrra~h, vhjrhb jr r`h ckkr kc jm klb r~hh- @h j~kvh jr Ekkbojm N~kumv jtt~kjf` jmb

ujlihb kmuj~b vabh nq vabh uar` ào-

:: Qkx j~h ljrh, Ekkbojm N~kum, vjab `h- R`h flkfi kc r`h Klb Vkxr` ujv vr~aiame jv A fjoh r`~kxe`

Nkvrkm, jmb r`jr av cxll cacrhhm oamxrhv jekmh-

:> Cjar` ihtr oh njfi j uàlh, ~htlahb r`h qkxme ojm, uar` j r~hok~ am àv skafh, fjxvhb nq r`h vxbbhm

jtthj~jmfh kc av fkotjmakm, r`kxe` mkr u`kllq xmhpthfrhb-

YTxnlaf Bkojam_

FV^4T:20

: Bx~ame r`h Fklkmajl th~akb, r`h ck~hvrhonkbahb jll r`jr ujv hsal, amflxbame r`h

xmimkum- Ràv avokvr jttj~hmr am uàf` kc r`

ckllkuame tj~je~jt`v;

J : jmb >

N 3 jmb 5

F 0 jmb 1

B :: jmb :>

FV^4:418-:20

> Am r`h camjl tj~je~jt`, Ekkbojm N~kum rhllvr`h ojm `h ohhrv am r`h ukkbv r`jr Cjar` ihtoh njfi j uàlh- Larh~jllq, `h ohjmv r`jr àv

uach ojbh ào ljrh- U`jr kr`h~ ohjmame fkxl

ràv ~hoj~i `jsh `jb;

J @av ~hlaeakxv cjar` jlokvr ihtr ào c~ko r`h

gkx~mhq-

N @av cjar` am àv oj~~ajeh ujv ok~h aotk~rjm

r`jm r`h gkx~mhq-

F Cjar` av mhfhvvj~q rk fkotlhrh r`h ràmev km

av ~hzxa~hb rk bk-

B R`h ~hoj~i fkxlb `jsh mk ohjmame nhqkmb

r`h larh~jl kmh-

FV^4:414-:20

h

r

b

r

h

6 Ràv hpfh~tr vxeehvrv r`jr jll thktlh oxvr, jrvkoh raoh, f`kkvh nhruhhm ekkb jmb hsal- Jll kc

r`h ckllkuame fkmr~anxrh rk r`h ~hjbh~v

th~fhtrakm r`jr Ekkbojm N~kum imkuv r`jr `h

av jnkxr rk hon~jfh hsal hpfhtr

J tj~je~jt` 6, Ekkbojm N~kum vjqv, - - - kc

jll mae`rv am r`h qhj~, ràv kmh mae`r oxvr A

rj~~q jujq c~ko r`hh-

N tj~je~jt` 5, Ekkbojm N~kum ràmiv, - - - Yar

ujv_ jv ac j b~hjo `jb uj~mhb `h~ u`jr uk~i

av rk nh bkmh rk/mae`r-

F tj~je~jt` 0, - - - Ekkbojm N~kum chlr

àovhlc gxvracahb am ojiame ok~h `jvrh km àvt~hvhmr hsal tx~tkvh-

B tj~je~jt` :, Qkxme Ekkbojm N~kum fjoh

ck~r` jr vxmvhr amrk r`h vr~hhr jr Vjlho

salljeh - - -

FV^4:41:-:20

2 Ràv hpfh~tr vxeehvrv r`jr @jur`k~mhvtàlkvktàfjl tkvarakm amflxbhv uàf` kmh kc r`h

ckllkuame abhjv;

J Ojm av t~hbavtkvhb rk bk hsal-

N Ojmv ca~vr aotxlvh av rk bk ekkb-

F Ojm f~hjrhv àv kum ~hjlarq-

B Ojm av ~hvtkmvanlh ck~ àv jfrakmv-

FV^4:403-:20

0


njvhb km th~ck~ojmfh km ~hlhjvhb rhvr zxhvrakmv- Fktq~ae r >441 Fjlack~maj Bhtj~rohmr kc Hbxfjrakm-


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RHÔV JMB FKMBARAKMV KC ^HMRJL JE^HHOHMR

R`hvh rh~ov jmb fkmbarakmv ck~o j tj~r kc r`h ^hmrjl Je~hhohmr ck~ r`h ~hmrjl kc r`h Sh aflh bhvf~anhb km r`h ^hmrjl

bkfxohmr-

Ràv je~hhohmr av nhruhhm r`h ^hmrh~ vaemame ar (A, Oh, k~ Oq! jmb Xmash~vjl Fj~ Jehmfq, Amf- k~ jm ambhthmbhmr

Xmash~vjl Fj~ Jehmfq lafhmvhh abhmracahb km r`h ^hmrjl bkfxohmr (Fkotjmq, Qkx, k~ Xmash~vjl!- A, r`h ^hmrh~,

je~hh rk jll Rh~ov jmb Fkmbarakmv kc ràv Je~hhohmr, amflxbame r`h ^hmrjl jmb ^hrx~m Bkfxohmrv-

A xmbh~vrjmb r`jr A ojq mkr ~hmr ac A bk mkr vjravcq qkx~ fx~~hmr vrjmbj~b ~hmrjl zxjlacafjrakmv-

:- Shàflh A xmbh~vrjmb r`jr qkx kum r`h Shàflh- R`h Shàflh amflxbhv ra~hv, rkklv, hzxatohmr, jffhvvk~ahv, ihqv

jmb Shàflh bkfxohmrv- R`h Shàflh av bhlash~hb rk oh am ekkb kth~jrame fkmbarakm vklhlq ck~ ~hmrjl tx~tkvhv- Mk

kmh ojq vh~safh k~ ~htja~ r`h Shàflh uar`kxr qkx~ t~ak~ jtt~ksjl- A JE^HH R@JR QKX OJIH MK HPT^HVV

K^ AOTLAHB UJ^^JMRQ JV RK JMQ OJRRH^ U@JRVKHSH^ AMFLXBAME UAR@KXR LAOARJRAKM

R@H FKMBARAKM KC R@H SH@AFLH, ARV OH^F@JMRJNALARQ K^ CARMHVV CK^ JMQ TJ^RAFXLJ^TX^TKVH- FKOTJMQ V@JLL MKR NH LAJNLH CK^ JMQ AMBA^HFR, VTHFAJL, K^ FKMVHZXHMRAJL

BJOJEHV JÂVAME KXR KC R@H ^HMRJL KC R@H SH@AFLH RK OH-

>- U`k Ojq B~ash r`h Shàflh Jxr`k~awhb B~ash~v jmb Jbbarakmjl Jxr`k~awhb B~ash~v-

j- A ~ht~hvhmr r`jr A jo j sjlablq lafhmvhb b~ash~, >8 qhj~v kc jeh k~ klbh~-

n- R`h Shàflh v`jll mkr nh kth~jrhb nq jmqkmh hpfhtr oh, jmb jmq Jxr`k~awhb k~ Jbbarakmjl Jxr`k~awhb B~ash~v

u`k j~h sjlablq lafhmvhb b~ash~v, >8 qhj~v kc jeh k~ klbh~- Am jbbarakm,

f- Jxr`k~awhb B~ash~v oxvr nh7

:! j ohonh~ kc oq aoohbajrh cjoalq u`k th~ojmhmrlq lashv uar` oh, k~

>! j nxvamhvv tj~rmh~, hotlkqh~ k~ ~hexlj~ chllku hotlkqhh u`k b~ashv r`h shàflh ck~ nxvamhvv tx~tkvhv-

b- Jbbarakmjl Jxr`k~awhb B~ash~v oxvr nh j th~vkm u`k `jv vaemhb r`h ^hmrjl bkfxohmr kc ràv Je~hhohmr jv jm

Jbbarakmjl Jxr`k~awhb B~ash~ jcrh~ zxjlacafjrakm nq r`h Fkotjmq-

6- Shàflh hrx~mv A je~hh rk ~hrx~m r`h Shàflh am r`h vjoh fkmbarakm am uàf` A ~hfhashb ar, hpfhtr ck~ k~bamj~q

uhj~ jmb rhj~- A xmbh~vrjmb r`jr r`h~h uall nh j ~jrh f`jmeh k~ jbbarakmjl f`j~eh ac A ~hrx~m r`h Sh aflh rk j bacch~hmr

lkfjrakm, k~ jr j bacch~hmr raoh k~ bxh bjrh- Ac ck~ jmq ~hjvkm A fjmmkr ~hrx~m r`h Shàflh jr r`h raoh jmb lkfjrakm

~hzxa~hb nq ràv Je~hhohmr, A uall tjq ck~ jll lkvv k~ hvraojrhb bjojehv rk Shàflh, amflxbame lkvv kc xvh, fljao

t~kfhvvame chhv, jmb jboamavr~jrash f j~ehv, jv th~oarrhb nq lju-

2- T~kànarhb Xvhv kc r`h Shàflh A je~hh r`jr r`h Shàflh v`jll MKR nh xvhb nq k~ ck~ jmq kc r`h ckllkuame

T^K@ANARHB XVHV, vxnghfr rk jttlafjnlh lju7

j- nq jm xmjxr`k~awhb b~ash~

n-nq jmq b~ash~ xmbh~ r`h amclxhmfh kc amrkpafjmrv, b~xev, k~ jmq kr`h~ vxnvrjmfh imkum rk aotja~ b~asame jnalarq

f- ck~ jmq allhejl tx~tkvh

b- nq jmqkmh u`k eashv r`h Fkotjmq j cjlvh mjoh, jbb~hvv, jeh, k~ kr`h~ cjlvh k~ oavlhjbame amck~ojrakm

h- am jmq jnxvash k~ ~hfilhvv ojmmh~ k~ ac fkmsafrhb kc fj~hlhvv b~asame

c- rk fj~~q th~vkmv k~ t~kth~rq ck~ à~h

e- am jmq ~jfh, rhvr, fkmrhvr, k~ r~jamame jfrasarq

1




10/70



`- km xmtjshb ~kjbv

a- lhjsame r`h Shàflh jmb cjalame rk ~hoksh r`h ihqv jmb r`h Shàflh av vrklhm

g- ck~ jmq xvh am j ck~haem fkxmr~q uar`kxr r`h t~ak~ u~arrhm th~oavvakm kc r`h ~hmrame lkfjrakm- Jll t~krhfrakm av

skab am j ck~haem fkxmr~q- Qkx~ u~arrhm th~oavvakm oxvr nh knrjamhb jmb vthfajl amvx~jmfh oxvr nh tx~f`jvhb

nhck~h hmrh~ame j ck~haem fkxmr~q-

A XMBH^VRJMB R@JR AC R@H SH@AFLH AV KNRJAMHB K^ XVHB CK^ JMQ T^K@ANARHB XVH K^ AM

SAKLJRAKM KC R@AV JE^HHOHMR, R@HM JMQ LAOARJRAKM KC OQ ^HVTKMVANALARQ XMBH^ R@AV

JE^HHOHMR V@JLL NH SKAB JMB A V@JLL NH CXLLQ ^HVTKMVANLH CK^ JLL LKVV JMB ^HVXLRAME

BJOJEHV, AMFLXBAME LKVV KC XVH, FLJAOV, T^KFHVVAME CHHV, JBOAMAVR^JRASH F@JÊHV,

FKVRV, JMB JRRK^MHQV CHHV, JLVK, U@H^H THÔARRHB NQ LJU- R@H LKU KTRAKM V@JLL NH SKAB

JMB R@H LAJNALARQ AMVX^JMFH V@JLL NH SKAB-

FV^4T64:

8 R`h ~hch~hmfh rk jmb bhcamarakm kc Jxr`k~awhbB~ash~v v`ku r`jr r`h ~hmrjl fkotjmq

bhojmbv rk

J ohhr hpjfrlq u`k ojq nh b~asame r`h fj~-

N amrh~sahu hjf` b~ash~ kc r`h shàflh-

F jtt~ksh hjf` b~ash~ kc r`h fj~-

B rhvr hjf` b~ash~ kc r`h shàflh-FV^4>>:2-64:

3 R`h fj~ ~hmrjl je~hhohmr av basabhb amrk ckx~vhtj~jrh tj~rv rk

J bavfxvv r`h ojam rh~ov jmb fkmbarakmv kc r`h

je~hhohmr-

N ojih r`h je~hhohmr jtthj~ ok~h kccafajl jmb

nambame-

F v`ku ~hmrh~v r`h ojam ràmev r`hq fjmmkr bk

uar` r`h fj~-

B t~ksabh r`h fxvrkoh~ uar` jll r`h cjfrv

~hljrame rk r`h fj~-

FV^4>>>5-64:

5 U~arame fh~rjam tj~rv kc r`h je~hhohmr am jllfjtarjl lhrrh~v vxeehvrv r`jr

J fh~rjam tj~rv j~h ok~h baccafxlr rk ~hjb jmb

r`xv j~h ojbh am lj~eh t~amr-

N r`hvh tj~rv ~hzxa~h vthfajl jrrhmrakm c~ko r`h

vaemh~ kc r`h je~hhohmr-

F ~hmrh~v v`kxlb mkr uk~~q jnkxr kr`h~ vhfrakmv

kc r`h je~hhohmr-

B ràv vhfrakm av kcrhm ksh~lkkihb nq ~hmrh~v

u`k gxvr ujmr rk ehr ekame-

FV^4>>>8-64:

0 U`h~h ojq r`h ~hmrjl fj~mkr nh b~ashm;

J km fkxmr~q ~kjbv

N km xmtjshb ~kjbv

F km vmkuq ~kjbv

B km àeùjqv

FV^4>>>6-64:

:4




11/70



Bhj~ Vxth~vrj~ Fxvrkoh~7

Qkx `jsh gxvr tx~f`jvhb kmh kc r h camhvr ckkb t~kfhvvk~v km r h oj~ihr- R kxvjmbv kc fkkiv j~kxmb r h uk~lbxvh r h

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`jmblh jmq rjvi uar kxr ksh~ hjrame- U`hr h~qkx j~h ojiame vjlvj k~`kohojbh n~hjb, k~vaotlq f`kttame shehrjnlhv,

qkxll camb r h Vxth~vrj~ ckkb t~kfhvvk~uall e~hjrlq ~hbxfh t~htj~jrakm raoh- ^hjb km rk lhj~m `ku rk kth~jrhqkx~mhu ckkb

t~kfhvvk~- Ck~ nhvr ~hvxlrv, xvh kmlq Vxth~vrj~ ~htljfhohmr tj~rv uar qkx~ Vxth~vrj~ ckkb t~kfhvvk~-

:-

>-

6-

2-

8-

3-

5-

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Txv`h~carv amrk chhb rxnh jmbexabhv ckkb nhamevlafhb k~v`~hbbhb

Fksh~ uar` chhb rxnh

Uk~i nkul

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Vlafamebavf (mkr tafrx~hb!ojihv th~chfr vlafhv (tjeh ::!

V`~hbbamebavf (mkr tafrx~hb!v`~hbv shehrjnlhv, f`hhvh,mxrv, jmb f`kfkljrh (tjeh ::!

R@H TJ^RV KC QKX^ MHU

VXTH^VRJ^ CKKB T^KFHVVK^>

:

8

Caex~h :

6

2

TXRRAME QKX^ VXTH^VRJ^ CKKB T^KFHVVK^ RKEHR@H^

^hjb jll amvr~xfrakmv km r`hvh ruk tjehv nhck~h qkx vrj~r- F`hfi r`jr qkx~ `kxvh`klb sklrjeh ojrf`hv r`jr

v`kum km r`h ljnhl km r`h nkrrko kc qkx~ Vxth~vrj~ ckkb t~kfhvvk~ njvh-

Caex~h >

Uk~i nkul

@jmblh

:- Txr njvh km fkxmrh~ k~ rjnlh mhj~ jm hlhfr~afjl

kxrlhr- Bk mkr tlxe am xmral qkx~ Vxth~vrj~ ckkb

t~kfhvvk~ `jv nhhm cxllq jvvhonlhb- Tafi xt hotrq

uk~i nkul, klbame ar uar` `jmblh rkuj~b qkx- Txrnkul km njvh, carramefhmrh~ rxnh ksh~ v`jcr km njvh

jmb tljfame`jmblh vlae rlq rk lhcr kc c~kmr fhmrh~

(5 kflkfi!-

>- Rx~m nkul fkxmrh~flkfiuavh jv cj~ jv ar uallek- Ar

uall flafi amrk lkfihb tkvarakm-

Caex~h 6

Rx~m

Flafi

::




12/70



Caex~h 2

V`jcr

Ohrjl nljbh

6- Tafi xt ohrjl nljbh nq r`h fhmrh~ tljvraf tj~r-

Mhsh~ rkxf` ohrjl fxrramenljbhv, uàf` j~h

~jwk~ v`j~t-

Tljfh nljbh ksh~ okrk~ v`jcr- Ac ar bkhvmrek bkum,

ruavr arehmrlq flkfiuavh xmral ar bkhv- Txv` rkt kc

fhmrh~ tljvraf tj~r rk txv` nljbh bkum jv cj~ jv ar uall

ek- Lkuh~ nljbh v`kxlb jlokvr rkxf` nkrrko kc nkul-

Rx~m Chhb rxnh

Fksh~Flafi

Caex~h 8

2- Txr fksh~ km nkul, uar` chhb rxnh jr c~kmr, vlae rlq

rk lhcr kc c~kmr fhmrh~-

8- Rx~m fksh~ fkxmrh~flkfiuavh rk lkfi ar amrk tljfh-

Ar uall flafi amrk tkvarakm-

R`h okrk~ kc qkx~ Vxth~vrj~ ckkb t~kfhvvk~

uall mkr vrj~r xmlhvv uk~i nkul av vhfx~hlq lkfihb am

tkvarakm jmb fksh~ av vhfx~hlq lkfihb km uk~i nkul-

Caex~h 3

3- Amvh~r r`h txv`h~ amrk r`h chhb rxnh- Jlujqv xvh r`htxv`h~ rkexabh ckkb r`~kxe r`h chhb rxnh- MHSH^ XVHQKX^ CAMEH^V* Tlxeqkx~ Vxth~vrj~ ckkb t~kfhvvk~amrk j `kxvh`klb hlhfr~afjl kxrlhr-

KTH^JRAME FKMR^KLV

R`h fkmr~kl vuarf` km r`h njvh kc r`h ojfàmh `jv 6tkvarakmv r`jreash qkx cameh~rat fkmr~kl kc kth~jrakm7

(:! Ck~ fkmramxkxv kth~jrakm, oksh r`h fkmr~kl vuarf`xt rk r`h KM tkvarakm-

(>! Ck~ KM/KCC kth~jrakm (txlvh f`kttame!, t~hvv r`hfkmr~kl vuarf` bkum rk TXLVH- R`h okrk~ uall ~xm xmralr`h fkmr~kl vuarf` av ~hlhjvhb-

(6! R`h ojfàmh v`kxlb jlujqv nh ihtr am r`h KCCtkvarakm (fhmrh~! u`hm mkr am xvh-

T^JFRAFAME UAR@ CKKBR~q f`kttamevkoh ckkb rkehr j chhl ck~ `ku r`ht~kfhvvk~ uk~iv- (R~q vrj~ramekxr uar` j vkcr c~xark~ shehrjnlh-!

Ca~vr, fxr r`h ckkb amrk :/amf` tahfhv- Mkrh7 xvamebacch~hmr/vawhb ckkb tahfhv fkxlb ~hvxlr am jmamfkmvavrhmr f`kt rhprx~h- Amvh~r ohrjl nljbh am uk~inkul jmb txr am ckkb tahfhv- Txr km fksh~ jmb lkfi ar-T~hvv fkmr~kl vuarf` bkum rk TXLVH, r`hm ~hlhjvh ar-

^hthjr ruk k~ r`~hh raohv- Ujrf` u`jr `jtthmv rk r`hckkb- Mhu xvh~v j~h xvxjllq vx~t~avhb nq `ku cjvr r`hVxth~vrj~ ckkb t~kfhvvk~ uk~iv- Qkx uallzxafilqehrxvhb rk arve~hjr vthhb- Xvame ràv rhf`mazxh, qkx fjmehr jm hshm f`kt uar`kxr r`h bjmeh~ kc ksh~t~kfhvvame-Ck~ j fkj~vh f`kt, txlvh kmlq j chu raohv- Ck~ j camh~f`kt, fkmramxh txlvh+f`kttamexmral qkxehr r`h rhprx~hqkx ujmr- (Mkrh7 Kmakmv jmb kr`h~ ckkbv uar` àe ujrh~fkmrhmr fjm rx~m amrk j vokkr` tx~hh sh~qzxafilq- Bkmkr ksh~f`kt- Txlvh am v`k~r amrh~sjlv- F`hfi ckkb jcrh~hjf` txlvh-!

JBBAME CKKB U@ALH T^KFHVVAME

U`hm qkx ujmr rk jbb lazxab uàlh r`h ojfàmh av~xmmame, tkx~ ar r`~kxe r`h kthm chhb rxnh- Ràv avhvthfajllq xvhcxl u`hm ojiameojqkmmjavh, n~hjbbkxe , fjihv, jmb ojmq kr`h~ ~hfathv- Vhh ambhp ck~ jlavr kc ~hfathv-

Qkx fjm jlvk jbb vojll tahfhv kc ckkb laih f`hhvh, ohjr,k~ej~laf flkshv uàlh r`h ojfàmh av ~xmmamenqb~kttame r`h ckkb r`~kxe r`h kthm chhb rxnh- Rkt~hshmr vtallv, xvh j cxmmhl u`hm jbbame clkx~, vxej~,jmb kr`h~ b~q ame~hbahmrv-

FV^4T642

:>




13/70



1 R`h T~jfrafame uar` Ckkb vhfrakm kc r`hamvr~xfrakmv t~javhv r`h Vxth~vrj~ ckkb

t~kfhvvk~v

J nhjxrq-

N vthhb-

F sh~vjralarq-

B vaotlafarq-

FV^4>>28-642

:4 Uàf` kc r`hvh v`kxlb qkx bk rk lkfi r`h fksh~kmrk r`h uk~i nkul;

J Txv` ar bkum jv `j~b jv qkx fjm-

N Rx~m ar fkxmrh~flkfiuavh-

F ^hoksh r`h txv`h~ c~ko r`h chhb rxnh-

B Oksh r`h fkmr~kl vuarf` rk r`h KM tkvarakm-

FV^4>>26-642

:: Uàf` kc r`h ckllkuame vhfrakmv fkxlbokvrlaihlq nh ckxmb aoohbajrhlq jcrh~ r`h Jbbame

Ckkb Uàlh T~kfhvvame vhfrakm am r`h ojmxjl;

J ^hoksame T~kfhvvhb Ckkb

N Uj~~jmrq Amck~ojrakm

F Tjfiame Qkx~ Ckkb T~kfhvvk~ ck~ Vàttame

B ^hfath Ambhp

FV^4>>2:-642

:> R`h amvr~xfrakmv uj~m jejamvr jll kc r`hckllkuame hpfhtr

J xvame qkx~ cameh~v rk exabh ckkb amrk r`h chhb

rxnh-

N `klbame r`h fkmr~kl vuarf` bkum ck~ j sh~q

lkme raoh-

F xvame tahfhv kc ckkb r`jr j~h jll bacch~hmr

vawhv-

B jbbame heev r`~kxe` r`h chhb rxnh uàlh r`h

ojfàmh av ~xmmame-

FV^4>>60-642

:6 Uàf` kc r`h ckllkuame avmkr hsabhmfhvxttk~rame r`h fljao Qkx `jsh gxvr tx~f`jvhbkmh kc r`h camhvr ckkb t~kfhvvk~v km r`h

oj~ihr;

J R`kxvjmbv kc fkkiv j~kxmb r`h uk~lb xvh r`h

Vxth~vrj~ ckkb t~kfhvvk~ - - -

N R`h Vxth~vrj~v tkuh~cxl okrk~ fjm jmblh

jmq rjvi - - -

F - - - r`h Vxth~vrj~ ckkb t~kfhvvk~ uall e~hjrlq

~hbxfh t~htj~jrakm raoh-

B - - - xvh kmlq Vxth~vrj~ ~htljfhohmr tj~rv uar`

qkx~ Vxth~vrj~ ckkb t~kfhvvk~-

FV^4>>25-642

:6




14/70


15/70


qhj~v jmb mhsh~ lhjsh `koh av mkr xmxvxjl- J c~ahmb kc oamh `jv jm jxmr u`k ~jmf`hb km Tkubh~ âsh~ jmb

babmr ek kcc `h~ tljfh ck~ hlhshm qhj~v- U`hm `h~ `xvnjmb bahb, v`h zxafilq okshb rk rkum, nkxe`r j fj~,

jmb b~ksh j~kxmb r`h Vrjrhv rk vhh u`jr v`hb nhhm oavvame-

3 Okvr thktlh rhll oh r`hqsh vaotlq b~ashm r`~kxe` Uqkoame, jv ac r`h~h uh~h mkràme rk vrkt ck~- K~

hlvh r`hqsh viahb am Gjfivkm @klh, j tljfh Uqkoamearhv jfimkulhbeh xmfkock~rjnlq nhfjxvh arv e~hhm

nhjxrq jmb fàf jcclxhmfh j~h oavojrf`hb uar` r`h ~hvr kc r h vrjrh- Okvr kc Uqkoame `jv j lhjm/rk lkki-

Amvrhjb kc nae, ~kkoq nj~mv jmb Safrk~ajm `kxvhv, r`h~h j~h bxekxrv, lku v`hbv, lke fjnamv, v`hht fjotv,

jmb chmfh lamhv r`jr lkki laih b~acrukkb nlkum `jt`jwj~blq amrk tljfh- Thktlh `h~h vrall chhl t~abh nhfjxvh

r`hq lash am vxf` j `j~v` tljfh, tj~r kc r`h eljok~kxv fkunkq tjvr, jmb r`hq j~h bhrh~oamhb mkr rk nh r`h

safraov kc j oamame/bkoamjrhb cxrx~h-

5 Okvr f`j~jfrh~avraf kc r`h vrjrhv ljmbvfjth av u`jr j bhshlkth~ hxt`hoavrafjllq bhvf~anhv jv

ambaehmkxv e~kur` ~ae`r xt rk qkx~ c~kmr bkk~j ~hch~hmfh rk ujrh~lhvv vrjmbv kc vjlr vjeh, vmjihv, gjfi

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rxonlhb jmb ruavrhb, ~annkmhb uar` cjbhb, bhjr`nhb fklk~v, r`~xvr xt jmb txllhb bkum jv ac r`h tljfh `jb

nhhm vrj~rlhb kxr kc j bhht vlhht jmb r`~kum amrk j tx~h lae`r-

R`h Vkljfh kc Kthm Vtjfhv c~ko R@H VKLJFH KC KTHM VTJFHV nq E~hrhl H`~laf`, fktq~ae`r :108 nq E~hrhl H`~laf`- Xvhb nq th~oavvakm kc

Saiame Thmexam, j basavakm kc Thmexam Txrmjo Amf-

FV^:T:12>Iq~ahv7 v`k~r t~jqh~v-


:2 ^hjb ràv hpfh~tr c~ko tj~je~jt` 2 kc r`htjvvjeh-

- - - tljmhb cljr km rkt nq j oallakm qhj~v kcujrh~ - - -

R`h uk~b tljmhb av c~ko r`h Ljram ~kkrtljm,

uàf` ohjmv

J lhshl-

N n~kjb-

F cjbhb-

B tklav`hb-

FV^::2:6-:12

:8 Rk uàf` larh~j~q vxnehm~h av ràv tjvvjehokvrflkvhlq ~hljrhb;

J tj~kbq

N jllhek~q

F vjra~h

B tjvrk~jl

FV^::2>8-:12

:8




16/70



:3 Am tj~je~jt` 8, r`h jxr`k~ ojamlq xvhvzxkrjrakmv nq Uqkoame ~hvabhmrv rk

J amsarh r`h ~hjbh~ rk abhmracq uar` thktlh c~ko

Uqkoame-

N hm`jmfh r`h flj~arq kc r`h tjvvjeh-

F hptljam ku v`h vlkulq fjoh rk jtt~hfajrh

Uqkoame-

B allxvr~jrh r`h ~hljrakmvàt nhruhhm Uqkoame

jmb arv thktlh-

FV^::2:5-:12

:5 ^hjb ràv hpfh~tr c~ko r`h tjvvjeh-

Thktlh `h~h - - - j~h bhrh~oamhb mkr rk nhr`h safraov kc j oamame/bkoamjrhb cxrx~h-

Ràv vrjrhohmr ~hshjlv r`h jxr`k~v nhlahc r`jr

J thktlh j~h ckklav` ck~ ~hvavrame amhsarjnlh

f`jmehv-

N t~kcarv c~ko r`h oamhv v`kxlb nh xvhb ck~ r`h

nhmhcar kc r`h vrjrh-

F oamame fkxlb tkrhmrajllq r`~hjrhm r`h~jmfàme ujq kc lach-

B Uqkoame av am bjmeh~ kc tkllxrakm fjxvhb nq

oamame-

FV^::2>>-:12

:0 Uàf` tàlkvktàfjl tkamr bkhv r`h jxr`k~ojih am r`h tjvvjeh;

J @j~b uk~i av r`h tx~tkvh kc lach-

N Thktlh j~h v`jthb nq r`ha~ hmsa~kmohmr-

F T~jfrafjl viallv j~h ok~h aotk~rjmr r`jm

ck~ojl hbxfjrakm-

B Thktlh uh~h mhsh~ ohjmr rk lash am lj~eh

e~kxtv-

FV^::2>2-:12

:3




17/70



jbjtrhb c~ko R`h J~r kc Ktraoavo

nq Uallajo Bh Uarr @qbh, LL-B-

: R`h uk~lb uh lash am av j uk~lb kc oamelhb ekkb jmb hsal- U`hr`h~ ar av fàhclq ekkb k~ fàhclq njb

bhthmbv km `ku uh rjih ar- Rk lkki jr r`h uk~lb am vxf` j ujq jv rk hot`jvawh r`h hsal av r`h j~r kc

thvvaoavo- Rk lkki jr ar am vxf` j ujq jv rk n~ame kxr r`h ekkb, jmb r`~ku r`h hsal amrk r`h njfie~kxmb, av r`h

j~r kc ktraoavo- R`h cjfrv j~h r`h vjoh am har`h~ fjvh- Ar av vaotlq j zxhvrakm kc th~vthfrash jmb hot`jvav-

U`hr`h~ uh v`jll nh ktraoavrv k~ thvvaoavrv bhthmbv tj~rlq km rhoth~johmr, nxr fàhclq km uall- Ac qkx j~h

`jttq ar av lj~ehlq rk qkx~ kum f~hbar- Ac qkx j~h oavh~jnlh ar av fàhclq qkx~ kum cjxlr- A t~ktkvh rk v`ku qkx

nkr` thvvaoavo jmb ktraoavo, eash j t~hvf~atrakm ck~ hjf`, jmb lhjsh qkx rk rjih uàf`hsh~ qkx laih nhvr7 ck~

u`hr`h~ qkx j~h j thvvaoavr k~ jm ktraoavr bkhvmr bhthmb km u`hr`h~ r`h uk~lb av u`kllq ekkb k~ u`kllq

njb, k~ u`hr`h~ qkx `jsh j `j~b lkr k~ jm hjvq kmh- Ar bhthmbv km u`jr qkx laih, jmb u`jr qkx ujmr jmb u`jr

qkx ~hvklsh rk nh- Th~f`jmfh qkx j~h r`h okvr ck~rxmjrh jmb `jttq th~vkm jokme oq `hj~h~v- R`h~h j~h

r`kxvjmbv kc thktlh u`k ukxlb nh oavh~jnlh uh~h r`hq varxjrhb t~hfavhlq jv qkx j~h- R`hq ukxlb ojih

r`hovhlshv oavh~jnlh nhfjxvh r`jr av r`ha~ rhoth~johmr9 r`jr av r`ha~ ujq kc lkkiame jr ràmev- Jmb hshm am

qkx~ `jttq jmb hmsajnlh fkmbarakm, uar` jll qkx~ `hjlr` jmb uhjlr`, jmb `kvrv kc c~ahmbv, jmb jnxmbjmfh kc

amrh~hvrv, r`hq ukxlb camb tlhmrq kc vrxcc rk ojih r`ha~ oavh~q kxr kc- Km r`h kr`h~ `jmb, qkx ojq nh r`h

th~vkm kc jll kr`h~v jokme oq `hj~h~v u`k `jv r`h `j~bhvr raoh, u`k jv lkvr bhj~hvr c~ahmbv, u`k jv r`h

vhsh~hvr vr~xeelh uar` tksh~rq, u`k `jv uk~vr hmhoahv, u`k ohhrv f~xhlhvr xmiambmhvv, u`k vhhov rk jsh

lhjvr rk lash ck~- R`kxvjmbv kc thktlh ukxlb nh vxt~hohlq jttq ac r`hq uh~h am t~hfavhlq qkx~ fa~fxovrjmfhv-

Lach av laih r`h kfhjm- Ar b~kumv kmh ojm, nhfjxvh `h qahlbv rk ar tjvvashlq jmb nlamblq- Ar nxkqv xt r`h kr`h~

nhfjxvh `h vr~aihv ar viallcxllq, jmb nxcchrv ar uar` lxvrq vamhuv-

> R`h~h av hmkxe` r`jr av njb am hsh~q lach rk ojih kmh oavh~jnlh u`k av vk amflamhb- Uh jll imku thktlh

u`k `jsh tlhmrq rk hjr, j ~kkc ksh~ r`ha~ `hjbv, j vkcr nhb rk lah am, okmhq am r`h njmi rk fksh~ jll t~knjnlhmhhbv ck~ r`h ~hvr kc r`ha~ bjqv, tlhmrq kc c~ahmbv, ekkb vkfajl tkvarakm, jm xmn~kihm cjoalq fa~flh, ekkb

hbxfjrakm, hshm r`h t~kchvvakm kc vkoh vk~r kc ~hlaeakm9 u`k qhr nq ojemacqame vkohràme r`jr `jtthmhb rk

r`ho j lkme uàlh jek9 k~ vkohràme r`jr ojq `jtthm rk r`ho jr vkoh raoh rk fkoh9 k~ u`jr vkohnkbq `jv

vjab jnkxr r`ho9 k~ r`h uk~i r`hq `jsh rk bk9 k~ r`h vlae`r vkohkmh `jv v`kum r`ho, k~ hshm uar`kxr

jmqràme jv bhcamarh jv hshm r`hvh r~aclhv, fkmr~ash rk ojih r`hovhlshv jmb hsh~qnkbq hlvh th~thrxjllq

u~hrf`hb jmb xmfkock~rjnlh- R`hvh thktlh `jsh jfzxa~hb r`h j~r kc thvvaoavo-

6 T~jfrafjllq, jmqnkbq fjm nh j thvvaoavr u`k ujmrv rk- R`h j~r av hjvalq jfzxa~hb- @h~h j~h r`h ~xlhv ck~ ar-

2 Lash am r`h tjvvash skafh, amrhmr km u`jr qkx fjm ehr, ~jr`h~ r`jm km u`jr qkx fjm bk- Am r`h vxngxmfrash

okkb, ohbarjrh km u`jr oae`r nh, ~jr`h~ r`jm u`jr jfrxjllq av- Am r`h tjvr k~ cxrx~h rhmvh, har`h~ `j~t km u`jr

`jv nhhm, k~ uk~~q jnkxr u`jr uall nh, ~jr`h~ r`jm cjfame r`h cjfrv kc r`h t~hvhmr- Am r`h rà~b th~vkm, camb cjxlr

uar` kr`h~ thktlh amvrhjb kc vhrrame qkx~ kum jccja~v am k~bh~- Am r`h tlx~jl mxonh~, ckllku r`h vrjmbj~bv kc

~hvthfrjnalarq kc kr`h~ thktlh ~jr`h~ r`jm qkx~ kum th~fhtrakm kc u`jr av car jmb t~kth~-

8 Ihht r`hvh ~xlhv cjar`cxllq, jlujqv ohjvx~ame r`h uk~r` kc lach am rh~ov kc th~vkmjl tlhjvx~h, ~jr`h~ r`jm am

rh~ov kc e~kur` kc f`j~jfrh~ k~ vh~safh kc àe` hmbv, jmb qkx uall nh j thvvaoavr nhck~h qkx imku ar- Ck~

thvvaoavo av r`h lkeafjl jmb amhsarjnlh kxrfkoh kc r`jr ujq kc lkkiame jr lach-

:5




18/70



3 J vkxmb ktraoavo jffhtrv uar` kthm hqhv jll r`h `j~b cjfrv km uàf` thvvaoavo nxalbv- Hmgkqohmr av

clhhrame- Mkràme fjm th~ojmhmrlq vjravcq xv- Jv N~kumame vjab rk jm j~ravr u`k fkotljamhb r`jr `h ujv vk

bavvjravcahb uar` u`jr `h `jb bkmh, Nxr ràmi, ac qkx uh~h vjravcahb, `ku larrlh qkx ukxlb nh vjravcahb uar`*

Ktraoavo t~kfljaov ràv sh~q amfjtjfarq kc kx~v rk nh vjravcahb uar` jmqràme camarh, r`h elk~q kc kx~ mjrx~h,

r`h t~koavh jmb tkrhmfq kc kx~ t~ke~hvv jmb bhshlktohmr, r`h jvvx~jmfh kc kx~ aook~rjlarq- Ac ekkb av j

vjravcahb chhlame, uàf` av rk nh eashm rk xv ~hjbq/ojbh, r`hm ambhhb uh v`jll mhsh~ ehr ar, jmb thvvaoavo av

r`h xlraojrh r~xr`- Ac ekkb av j vrjrh kc hjeh~ jmb hmr`xvajvraf jfrasarq kc uall, r`hm ràv uk~lb kc kx~v av gxvr r`h

nhvr tljfh aojeamjnlh rk eash cahlb ck~ r av jfrasarq-

5 @jsame eashm ~xlhv ck~ r`h j~r kc thvvaoavo, A vxttkvh A kxe`r rk nh hzxjllq hptlafar am ~hej~b rk ktraoavo-

A uall `h~h jejam jbktr r`h hjvalq ~hohonh~jnlh ck~o am uàf` r`h ~xlhv ck~ thvvaoavo uh~h fjvr- Ambhhb, r`h

~xlhv ck~ ktraoavo j~h vaotlq r`h amsh~vh kc r`h ~xlhv ck~ thvvaoavo-

0 Lash am r`h jfrash skafh, amrhmr km u`jr qkx fjm bk ~jr`h~ r`jm km u`jr `jtthmv rk qkx- Am r`h ambafjrash

okkb, nh fkmfh~mhb uar` cjfrv jv r`hq j~h ~jr`h~ r`jm jv r`hq oae`r nh- Am r`h t~hvhmr rhmvh, fkmfhmr~jrh kmr`h bxrq jr `jmb, uar`kxr ~he~hr ck~ r`h tjvr k~ uk~~q jnkxr r`h cxrx~h- Am r`h ca~vr th~vkm, f~arafawh qkx~vhlc

~jr`h~ r`jm fkmbhomame kr`h~v- Am r`h vamexlj~ mxonh~, vhhi r`h jtt~ksjl kc qkx~ kum fkmvfahmfh ~jr`h~ r`jm

tktxlj~arq uar` r h ojmq- U`khsh~ lashv r`h lach kc vxf` xmvhlcav` bhskrakm rk r h ekkb kc kr`h~v jmb kc jll, jmb

lashv ar am r`h jfrash skafh, ambafjrash okkb, t~hvhmr rhmvh, ca~vr th~vkm, vamexlj~ mxonh~, av nkxmb rk camb av

lach cxll jmb ~af` jmb eljb jmb c~hh9 av nkxmb, am kr`h~ uk~bv, rk nh jm ktraoavr-

YTxnlaf Bkojam_

FV^:T:11/:

:0




19/70



R`h Tx~vxar kc @jttamhvv

nq F`j~lhv Bxblhq Uj~mh~

: Th~`jtv r`h okvr fx~akxv jmb amrh~hvrame t`~jvh hsh~ txr amrk j txnlaf bkfxohmr av r`h tx~vxar kc

`jttamhvv- Ar av bhflj~hb rk nh jm amjlahmjnlh ~ae`r- Ar fjmmkr nh vklb- Ar fjmmkr nh eashm jujq- Ar av bkxnrcxl ac

ar fjm nh lhcr nq uall- R`h ~ae`r kc hsh~q ojm rk nh vap chhr àe` jmb kc hsh~q ukojm rk nh cash chhr ckx~ ujv

~hej~bhb jv vhlc/hsabhmr, xmral ukohm jvvh~rhb r`ha~ xmbkxnrhb ~ae`r rk nh vap chhr àe` jlvk, u`hm vkoh

fkmcxvakm ujv amr~kbxfhb amrk r`h amrh~t~hrjrakm kc ràv ~`hrk~afjl c~jeohmr kc r`h hae`rhhmr` fhmrx~q-

> R`h tx~vxar kc `jttamhvv* Ar av mkr vr~jmeh r`jr ohm fjll ar jm allxvakm- Nxr A jo vjravcahb r`jr ar av mkr r`h

ràme arvhlc, nxr r`h tx~vxar, r`jr av jm allxvakm- Amvrhjb kc ràmiame kc r`h tx~vxar, u`q mkr cap kx~ r`kxe`rv

xtkm r`h okohmrv, r`h `kx~v, th~`jtv r`h bjqv, kc ràv basamh thjfh, ràv oh~~aohmr kc nkbq jmb oamb, r`jr

fjm nh ~hthjrhb, jmb th~`jtv ambhcamarhlq hprhmbhb nq r`h vaotlhvr kc jll ohjmv, mjohlq, r`h bavtkvarakm rk

ojih r`h nhvr kc u`jrhsh~ fkohv rk xv; Th~`jtv r`h Ljram tkhr ujv ~ae`r am vjqame r`jr mk ojm fjm fkxmr

àovhlc `jttq uàlh am ràv lach, r`jr av, am j fkmramxkxv vrjrh kc `jttamhvv9 nxr jv r`h~h av ck~ r`h vkxl mk raoh

vjsh r`h fkmvfakxv okohmr fjllhb mku, ar av zxarh tkvvanlh rk ojih r`jr mku j `jttq vrjrh kc hpavrhmfh-

R`h tkamr A ojih av r`jr uh v`kxlb mkr `jnarxjllq tkvrtkmh r`jr vhjvkm kc `jttamhvv rk r`h cxrx~h-

6 Vkohraohv ujmbh~ame am j t~aohsjl ck~hvr, am jll r`h uarf`h~q kc r`h ukkbv, nhvkxe`r nq r`h iamblahvr

vklafarjrakmv kc mjrx~h, ualb clkuh~v am r`h r~jal, r`h fjll kc r`h vzxa~~hl, r`h clxrrh~ kc r`h na~b, r`h e~hjr uk~lb/

oxvaf kc r`h uamb am r`h tamh/rktv, r`h clhfiv kc vxmlae`r km r`h n~kum fj~thr jmb km r`h ~kxe` nj~i kc r`h

aoohok~ajl r~hhv, A camb oqvhlc xmfkmvfakxvlq tkvrtkmame oq hmgkqohmr xmral A v`jll ~hjf` j `kthb/ck~ kthm

tljfh kc cxll vxm jmb nkxmblhvv t~kvthfr-

2 R`h jmjlkeq fjmmkr nh txv`hb, ck~ ar av r`h fkookm hpth~ahmfh r`jr r`hvh kthm vtkrv am lach, u`h~h lhavx~h

jmb vtjfh jmb fkmrhmrohmr jujar xv, j~h xvxjllq e~kum xt uar` ràfihrv, cxllh~ kc knvrjflhv, rk vjq mkràme kc

r`h ljnk~v jmb bxrahv jmb baccafxlrahv, r`jm jmq tj~r kc r`h uhj~q tjr` uh `jsh r~kb-

8 R`h taracxl tj~r kc ràv amjlahmjnlh ~ae`r rk r`h tx~vxar kc `jttamhvv av, `kuhsh~, r`jr okvr ohm amrh~t~hr ar

rk ohjm r`h tx~vxar kc uhjlr`, jmb vr~ash ck~ r`jr jlujqv, tkvrtkmame nhame `jttq xmral r`hq ehr j ck~rxmh, jmb

ac r`hq j~h lxfiq am r`jr, camb am r`h hmb r`jr r`h `jttamhvv `jv vkoh`ku hlxbhb r`ho, r`jr, am v`k~r, r`hq `jsh

mkr fxlrasjrhb r`jr am r`hovhlshv uàf` jlkmh fjm n~ame `jttamhvv- Ok~h r`jm r`jr, r`hq `jsh lkvr r`h tkuh~ kc

r`h hmgkqohmr kc r`h hvvhmrajl tlhjvx~hv kc lach- A ràmi r`jr r`h ukojm am r`h Vf~atrx~hv u`k kxr kc `h~

tksh~rq txr h~ oarh amrk r`h fkmr~anxrakm/nkp ekr ok~h `jttamhvv kxr kc r`jr b~anlhr kc ehmh~kvarq jmb vhlc/

vjf~acafh r`jm vkoh ohm am kx~ bjq `jsh hpth~ahmfhb am ckxmbame j xmash~varq-

YTxnlaf Bkojam_

FV^:T:11/>

:1




20/70



:1 Uàf` uk~b c~ko R`h Tx~vxar kc @jttamhvvav bh~ashb c~ko j Ljram ~kkr r`jr ohjmv jeh;

J amjlahmjnlh

N aoohok~ajl

F t~aohsjl

B hvvhmrajl

FV^:::45-:11

>4 Am r`h ca~vr vhmrhmfh kc tj~je~jt` 3 kc R`h J~rkc Ktraoavo, r`h t`~jvh `j~b cjfrv ohjmv

J ràmev r`jr j~h `j~b rk xmbh~vrjmb-

N r`h baccafxlr ~hjlarahv kc lach-

F lhvvkmv r`jr oxvr nh lhj~mhb-

B ràmev r`jr j thvvaoavr nhlahshv rk nh r~xh-

FV^:::42-:11

>: Am r`h ljvr vhmrhmfh kc tj~je~jt` 8 kc R`hTx~vxar kc @jttamhvv, Uj~mh~ xvhv r`h t`~jvh

b~anlhr kc ehmh~kvarq rk fkmshq r`jr r`h

ukojm

J fkxlb `jsh eashm ok~h-

N ejsh ~hexlj~lq-

F ejsh ~hvhmrcxllq-

B uallamelq ejsh u`jr v`h fkxlb-

FV^::::4-:11

>> Nkr` R`h J~r kc Ktraoavo jmb R`h Tx~vxarkc @jttamhvv j~hnhvr fljvvacahb jv

J tklarafjl vthhf`hv-

N amck~ojl vthhf`hv-

F jffhtrjmfh vthhf`hv-

B th~vxjvash vthhf`hv-

FV^::::8-:11

>6 Nkr` @qbh jmb Uj~mh~ jbsavh r`ha~ lavrhmh~v rk

J eash okmhq rk f`j~arahv-

N jrrhmb rk r`ha~ bxrahv-

F vthmb raoh am mjrx~h-B lash am r`h t~hvhmr-

FV^::::>-:11

>2 @qbh jmb Uj~mh~ v`j~h r`h sahu r`jr

J r`h ojam ekjl kc lach av tlhjvx~h-

N ar av hjvah~ rk nh `jttq ac qkx j~h uhjlr`q-

F ambasabxjlv `jsh r`h tkuh~ rk fkmr~kl r`h

zxjlarq kc r`ha~ lashv-

B thktlh v`kxlb aemk~h vkfajl fkmshmrakmv jmbbk jv r`hq laih-

FV^::::2-:11

>4




21/70



R`h Ukkb/Talhnq ^knh~r C~kvr (:052:136!

Kxr ujliame am r`h c~kwhm vujot kmh e~hq bjq

A tjxvhb jmb vjab, A uall rx~m njfi c~ko `h~h-

Mk, A uall ek km cj~r`h~jmb uh v`jll vhh-

R`h `j~b vmku `hlb oh, vjsh u`h~h mku jmb r`hm

8 Kmh ckkr uhmr bkum- R`h sahu ujv jll am lamhv

Vr~jae`r xt jmb bkum kc rjll vlao r~hhv

Rkk oxf` jlaih rk oj~i k~ mjoh j tljfh nq

Vk jv rk vjq ck~ fh~rjam A ujv `h~h

K~ vkohu`h~h hlvh7 A ujv gxvr cj~ c~ko `koh-

:4 J vojll na~b clhu nhck~h oh- @h ujv fj~hcxl

Rk txr j r~hh nhruhhm xv u`hm `h lae`rhb,

Jmb vjq mk uk~b rk rhll oh u`k `h ujv

U`k ujv vk ckklav` jv rk ràmi u`jr `h r`kxe`r-

@h r`kxe`r r`jr A ujv jcrh~ ào ck~ j chjr`h~

:8 R`h uàrh kmh am àv rjal9 laih kmh u`k rjihv

Hsh~qràme vjab jv th~vkmjl rk àovhlc-

Kmh clae`r kxr vabhujqv ukxlb `jsh xmbhfhashb ào-

Jmb r`hm r`h~h ujv j talh kc ukkb ck~ uàf`

A ck~ekr ào jmb lhr àv larrlh chj~

>4 Fj~~q ào kcc r`h ujq A oae`r `jsh ekmh,

Uar`kxr vk oxf` jv uavàme ào ekkb/mae`r-

@h uhmr nhàmb ar rk ojih àv ljvr vrjmb-

Ar ujv j fk~b kc ojtlh, fxr jmb vtlar

Jmb talhbjmb ohjvx~hb, ckx~ nq ckx~ nq hae`r-

>8 Jmb mkr jmkr`h~ laih ar fkxlb A vhh-

Mk ~xmmh~ r~jfiv am ràv qhj~v vmku lkkthb mhj~ ar-

Jmb ar ujv klbh~ vx~h r`jm ràv qhj~v fxrrame,

K~ hshm ljvr qhj~v k~ r`h qhj~v nhck~h-

R`h ukkb ujv e~hq jmb r`h nj~i uj~tame kcc ar

64 Jmb r`h talh vkohu`jr vxmihm- Flhojrav:

@jb ukxmb vr~amev ~kxmb jmb ~kxmb ar laih j nxmblh-

U`jr `hlb ar r`kxe` km kmh vabh ujv j r~hh

Vrall e~kuame, jmb km kmh j vrjih jmb t~kt,

R`hvh ljrrh~ jnkxr rk cjll- A r`kxe`r r`jr kmlq

68 Vkohkmh u`k lashb am rx~mame rk c~hv` rjviv

Fkxlb vk ck~ehr àv `jmbauk~i km uàf`

@h vthmr àovhlc, r`h ljnkx~ kc àv jph,

Jmb lhjsh ar r`h~h cj~ c~ko j xvhcxl ca~htljfh

Rk uj~o r`h c~kwhm vujot jv nhvr ar fkxlb

24 Uar` r`h vlku vokihlhvv nx~mame kc bhfjq-

YTxnlaf Bkojam_

FV^:T:15

:Flhojrav7 j samh tljmr r`jr nhj~v uàrh k~ sj~akxvlq fklk~hb clkuh~v-

>:




22/70



>8 Am lamh 68, u`hm r`h tkhr ohmrakmv Vkohkmhu`k lashb am rx~mame rk c~hv` rjviv, `h av

~hch~~ame rk j th~vkm u`k

J laihv ràmev rk nh k~ejmawhb-

N ~j~hlq fkotlhrhv àv t~kghfrv-

F bavlaihv j~b uk~i-

B chhlv jr `koh am r`h kxrbkk~v-

FV^::686-:15

>3 U`jr av a~kmaf jnkxr r`h uamrh~ vhrrame kc r`htkho;

J Jmaojlv fjmmkr ojih xvh kc r`h ukkb

nhfjxvh r`hq j~h ành~mjrame-N R`h ukkb fkxlb nh ihhtame vkohkmh uj~o,

nxr amvrhjb ar av ~krrame am r`h vujot-

F R`h vthjih~ ukxlb mkr jsh mkrafhb r`h

ukkb/talh ac r`h r~hhv `jb mkr nhhm nj~h-

B R`h th~vkm u`k fxr r`h ukkb ujmrhb rk fkoh

njfi rk ar, nxr r h vmku àb àv r~jfiv-

FV^::63:-:15

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FV^::683-:15

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F amvrjmfhv kc bajlkexh

B b~jojraf hmbame

FV^::685-:15

>>




23/70



E~ammame r`h Nj~i kcc j R~hh

nq Bjsq F~kfihrr (:503:063!

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hmvx~hv, r`h ckllkuame jmhfbkrh uall vxccafahmrlq t~ksh-

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j ~jffkkm tljmrhb xtkm kmh kc r`h àe`hvr laonv kc jm klb r~hh- R`h mae`r ujv sh~q okkmq jmb flhj~, jmb klb

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ào- Vrall `h ujv r`h~h- Ar ojbh oh j larrlh ojb9 vk A chlr ~kxmb jmb ekr jm klb laon jnkxr cash chhr lkme, jmb,

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ck~ jnkxr cash oamxrhv9 nxr r`h fx~vhb ~jffkkm `xme km- Vk, cambame A fkxlb mkr n~ame ào bkum nq e~ammame, A

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rk r`h r~hh, vju r`h ~jffkkm vrall r`h~h, jmb nhejm rk fxr jujq- Bkum ar fkoh, jmb A ~jm ck~uj~b9 nxr mj~q j

>6




24/70



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r~hh jmb, xtkm lkkiame jr ar flkvhlq, A vju r`jr A `jb e~ammhb jll r`h nj~i kcc, jmb lhcr r`h imkr th~chfrlq vokkr`-

2 Mku, chllku/farawhmv, fkmramxhb r`h Fklkmhl, qkx oxvr nh fkmsamfhb r`jr, am r`h e~ammame lamh, A oqvhlc

jo mkr vlkuqhr, u`hm A lkki xtkm oq kttkmhmrv fkxmrhmjmfh, A oxvr jboar r`jr `h av oq vxth~ak~- Qkx

oxvr jll jboar ar- R`h~hck~h, nh uabh jujihlkki v`j~tjmb bk mkr lhr ào e~am qkx kxr kc qkx~ skrhv-

YTxnlaf Bkojam_

FV^4T:23

>1 F~kfihrrv jrrarxbh rkuj~b àv jxbahmfh fkmshqvJ jboa~jrakm-

N lkjràme-

F cjoalaj~arq-

B fkmrhotr-

FV^4:455-:23

64 F~kfihrr jbb~hvvhv àv vthhf` rk ehmrlhohmnhfjxvh am àv bjq

J ukohm uh~h mkr fkmvabh~hb Joh~afjm

farawhmv-

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B r`h rh~o ehmrlhohm ujv jvvxohb rk amflxbh

ukohm-

FV^4:45>-:23

6: Fklkmhl F~kfihrr b~juv c~ko uàf` kc r`hckllkuame j~f`hrqthv am àv tk~r~jqjl kc àv

kttkmhmr;

J ~hnhlN `h~k

F r~afivrh~

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FV^4:453-:23

6> U`jr tklarafjl vqvrho av ~hclhfrhb am r`htjvvjeh;

J bhokf~jfq

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FV^4:45:-:23

>2




25/70



Hlhjmk~ ^kkvhshlr Vthjiv rk r`h Ohonh~v kc r`h Joh~afjm Fasal

Lanh~rahv Xmakm, Fàfjek, AL, Oj~f` :2, :124

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ujehv lkuh~, nxr A `jb ck~ekrrhm gxvr `ku lkme r`jr cae`r ck~ c~hhbko, rk nj~ejam fkllhfrashlq, jmb rk `jsh

c~hhbko kc jvvhonlq, jb rjihm-

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àv kum `jmbv jmb nhjrhm xt j ljnk~ k~ejmawh~- A babmr ràmi uh bab r`kvh ràmev jmq ok~h am ràv fkxmr~q, nxr

ar jtthj~v r`jr uh bk- R`h~hck~h, vkohkmh oxvr nh jlujqv km r`h lkkikxr rk vhh r`jr vkohkmh av ~hjbq rk rjih

xt r`h fxbehlv: rk bhchmb r`kvh u`k fjmr bhchmb r`hovhlshv- R`jr av r`h kmlq ujq uh j~h ekame rk ihht ràv

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ck~ jmqnkbq rk rjih r`h lju amrk àv kum `jmbv- R`h oamxrh qkx jllku r`jr, r`hm qkx `jsh jfimkulhbehb r`jr

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rk ~hoamb qkx r`jr nhàmb jll r`kvh u`k cae`r ck~ r`h Fkmvrarxrakm jv ar ujv u~arrhm, ck~ r`h ~ae`rv kc r`h uhji

jmb ck~ r`h t~hvh~sjrakm kc fasal lanh~rahv, uh `jsh j lkme lamh kc fkx~jehkxv thktlh, uàf` av vkohràme rk nh

t~kxb kc jmb vkohràme rk `klb km rk- Arv kmlq sjlxh lahv, `kuhsh~, am r`h cjfr r`jr uh t~kcar nq hpjotlh jmb

fkmramxh r`h r~jbarakm am r`h cxrx~h-

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r`h Fkmvrarxrakm, u`hr`h~ r`hq nhlkme rk oamk~arq e~kxtv k~ mkr- Ràv fkxmr~q av j xmarhb fkxmr~q am uàf` jllthktlh `jsh r h vjoh ~ae`rv jv farawhmv- Uh j~h e~jrhcxl r`jr uh fjm r~xvr am r`h qkxr` kc r`h mjrakm r`jr r hq j~h

ekame km rk xt`klb r`h ~hjl t~amfatlhv kc bhokf~jfq jmb txr r`ho amrk jfrakm am ràv fkxmr~q- R`hq j~h ekame rk

ojih xv jm hshm ok~h r~xlq bhokf~jraf mjrakm-

YTxnlaf Bkojam_

FV^:T>4:

:fxbehlv7 v`k~r, `hjsq flxnv-

>8




26/70



66 R`h ~hljrakmvàt nhruhhm vxffxon jmb

ksh~fkoh av r`h vjoh jv r`h ~hljrakmvàt

nhruhhm

J oamk~arq jmb farawhmv-

N cae`rjmb vr~xeelh-

F nkxmbjmbc~hh-

B fkmzxh~jmb bhvr~kq-

FV^::40>->4:

62 R`h ~hthrarakm kc r`h uk~b cae`r av xvhb rkvxttk~r uàf` fhmr~jl r`hoh am ^kkvhshlrv

vthhf`;

J nhfkoame j X-V- farawhmN t~krhframe fasal lanh~rahv

F lkkiame kxr ck~ ck~haem fkxmr~ahv

B hmvx~ame r`h basavakm nhruhhm f`x~f` jmb vrjrh

FV^::452->4:

68 ^kkvhshlr j~exhv r`jr farawhmv v`kxlb mkr rjihr`h lju amrk r`ha~ kum `jmbv nhfjxvh

J bkame vk lhjbv rk okn saklhmfh-

N hmck~fame r`h lju av r`h eksh~mohmrv gkn-

F thktlh v`kxlb cae`r uar` uk~bv ~jr`h~ r`jm

saklhmfh-

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bhthmb km kr`h~v-

FV^::408->4:

63 Am r`h oabblh kc tj~je~jt` >, ^kkvhshlr aotlahvr`jr qkx `jsh jfimkulhbehb r`jr qkx j~h mk

lkmeh~ jnlh rk r~xvr am qkx~ fkx~rv jmb am qkx~

lju/hmck~fame ojfàmh~q u`hm qkx jllkuambasabxjlv

J rk vthji jmb jvvhonlh c~hhlq-

N rk k~ejmawh jv ljnk~ xmakmv-

F rk rjih r`h lju amrk r`ha~ kum `jmbv-

B rk ràmi r`jr gxvrafh uall jlujqv t~hsjal-

FV^::451->4:

>3




27/70



60 ^kkvhshlrv ~hch~hmfh rk qkxr` jr r`h hmb kc `h~vthhf` av

J jm jtthjl rk jxr`k~arq-

N j ~hjvvx~jmfh-

F j vxooj~q-

B jm jffxvjrakm-

FV^::453->4:

61 R`h ~hjbh~ fjm amch~ c~ko r`h vthhf` r`jr^kkvhshlr nhlahshv r`jr r`h ojgk~arq kc

Joh~afjmv j~h

J amraoabjrhb-

N lju/jnabame-

F saklhmr-

B `j~buk~iame-

FV^::403->4:

65 ^hjb r`hvh lamhv c~ko r`h nheammame kctj~je~jt` 6-

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^kkvhshlrv xvh kc ~hthrarakm am t`~jvame jmb

vr~xfrx~h am r`hvh lamhv f~hjrhv

J j kvralh rkmh r`jr amf~hjvhv am jmeh~-

N jm knghfrash rkmh njvhb km cjfrv-

F j vqotjr`hraf rkmh vxttk~rhb nq hpjotlh-

B j th~vxjvash rkmh r`jr nxalbv uar` amrhmvarq-

FV^::455->4:

>5




28/70



Vf`klj~vàt Vfjo Rj~ehr kc Mhu Lheavljrakm

: Qkx~h j camjlavr- Oallakmv kc xmfljaohb

bkllj~v- Jsjaljnlh mku`h~h hlvh- Jfr mku k~ lkvh

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`jsh vrj~rhb kxr jv oxvaf rk r`h hj~v nxr `jsh

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qhj~ am lkvvhv rk vf`klj~vàt vfjo j~ravrv-

> Jv fkllheh fkvrv fkmramxh rk viq~kfihr,

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jmb ~javame j cjoalq, cambame jmb jttlqame ck~

vf`klj~vàtv jmb camjmfajl jab fjm nh j bjxmrame

rjvi-

6 Xmvf~xtxlkxv vfjo j~ravrv j~h fjtarjlawame

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bkum, vk rk vthji- R`hq imku `ku amraoabjrame

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rk amshvraejrh, camjmfajl ~hfk~bv rk knrjam,

jmb okxmrjamv kc ck~ov rk fkotlhrh- Rk r`h

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bhvh~r-

2 Imkuame r`ha~ bjxe`rh~, Ghmmj, ujmrhb rk

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ckllkuv7

3 R`h Jfr7

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VHFRAKM :- V@K^R RARLH-

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C~jxb T~hshmrakm Jfr kc >444-

VHFRAKM >- CAMBAMEV-

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hbxfjrakm-

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jvvavrjmfh-

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vthfacahb vh~safhv c~ko vthfacahb hmrarahv-

>0




29/70



(H! Oav~ht~hvhmrjrakmv ~hej~bame r`h nxvamhvv

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oav~ht~hvhmrjrakmv ~hej~bame ~hcxmbv-

VHFRAKM 6- VHMRHMFAME

HM@JMFHOHMR CK^ @AE@H^

HBXFJRAKM CAMJMFAJL JVVAVRJMFH

C^JXB-

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k~ j eksh~mohmr jehmfq-

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63

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English Grade 11 California Standards Test With Answer Key 2009