English course Tenses 19/10/2010 1:25:48 PMsalab.weebly.com/uploads/4/4/6/4/4464741/grammar_from_bashrdoost.pdf · Perfect continuous 1. Past tens 4. 2.Present tens 5. Future tens

English course Tenses 19/10/2010 1:25:48 PM

[email protected] www.salab.weebly.com

1

GRAMMAR:

It is scientific way for learning second language which is referred correct reading writing

speaking .

The rules by which words combined together to make sentences is called grammar.

It is a bridge for language . it is a structure for a language. It is a formula for a language.

WE HAVE 28 PRONOUNs

TENS:

Tens means time.

1. Def: tens is the term in grammar which is used to indicate the time of an action

or event.

Tens is taken from latten words "tempus" mean time.tense is used show time.

Tense Divided By Three Kinds

1. Past tens

2. Present tens

3. Future tens

Everyone is divided by four parts

1. Simple or Indefinite

2. Continuous or progressive

3. Perfect

4. Perfect continuous

Subject pronoun

1. I

2. We

3. You

4. He

5. She

6. It

7. they

Objective pronoun

1. Me

2. Us

3. You

4. Him

5. Her

6. It

7. Them

Possessive Adjective pronoun

3. My

4. Our

5. Your

6. His

7. Her

8. Its

9. Their

Possessive pronoun

1. Mine

2. Ours

3. Yours

4. His

5. Hers

1. Its

2. Theirs

mailto:[email protected]



2

5.

1. Past

2. Present

tens

3. Future tens

2. Present

3. Future

1. Simple or indefinite


3. Perfect




3. Perfect




3. Perfect


1. Past

tens

4. Present

tens

5. Future tens

1. Simple or indefinite tens

2. Continuous or progressive tens

3. Perfect tens

4. Perfect continuous tens

1. Positive sentence

2. Negative sentence

3. Interrogative sentence

4. Negative & interrogative sentence








4. Negative interrogative sentence





TENS




3

2. Present



3. Perfect tens














3. Future

6. Present

tens

7. Future tens



3. Perfect tens

























4

PAST INDEFINITE (SIMPLE) TENS:

Def:1

It shows an action that started and finished at particular time in the past.

1.1.1 Past indefinite (simple) tens positive sentence structure

Subject + 2nd form of verb + objective + complement + .

Example:

1.1.2 Past indefinite (simple) tens negative sentence structure

Subject + did not (didn't) + 1st form of verb + objective + complement + .

Example:

I

We

You

They

He

She

It

I

We

You

He

She

It

The

Went

To

Kabul

Yester day.

I

We

You

They

He

She

It

Go

To

Kabul

Yester day.

Didn't (did not)




5

1.1.3 Past indefinite (simple) tens interrogative sentence structure

Did + Subject + 1st form of verb + objective + complement + ?

Example:

1.1.4 Past indefinite (simple) tens negative interrogative sentence

structure

Didn't (did not) + Subject + 1st form of verb + objective + complement +?

Example:

I

We

You

They

He

She

It

Go

Kabul

Yesterday?

Did

I

We

You

They

He

She

It

Didn't (did not)

Go

Kabul

Yesterday?




6

PAST CONTINUOUS or PROGRESSIVE TENS:

Def:

It shows an action that was progress in the past in at specific time.

It shows an action that was progresses in the past but it was in interrupted by anther action.

1.2.1 Past continuous (progressive) tens positive structure

Subject + to be + 1st form of the verb + ing + objective + complement + .

Example:

1.2.2 Past continuous (progressive) tens negative structure

Subject + to be + not + 1st form of the verb + objective + complement + .

Example:

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

Going

To

Kabul

Last week.

were

was

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

Wasn't (was not)

Weren't (were not )

Going

To

Kabul

Last week.




7

1.2.3 Past continuous (progressive) tens interrogativ structure

Subject + to be + not + 1st form of verb + objective + complement + .

Example:

1.2.4 Past continuous (progressive) tens interrogativ negative structure

Subject + to be + not + 1st form of verb + objective + complement + .

Example:

Going

To

Kabul

Last week ?

؟؟

Weren't(were not )

Wasn't (Was not)

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

Going

To

Kabul

Last week?.

Were

Was

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

They

We

You

I

He

She

It




8

PAST PERFECT TENS:

Def:

It shows an action that was completed before another action in the past.

1.3.1 Pas t perfect tens positive structure

Subject + had + 3rd form of the verb + objective + complement + .

Example:

1.3.2 Past perfect tens negative structure

Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb + objective + complement + .

Example:

1.3.3

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

gone

To

Kabul

Last week.

had

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

gone

To

Kabul

Last week.

hadn't had not




9

Past perfect tens interrogative structure

Had + not + 3rd form of verb + Subject + objective + complement + .

Example:

1.3.4 Pas t perfect tens interrogative & negative structure

Had + not + 3rd form of verb + Subject + objective + complement + .

Example:

gone

To

Kabul

Last week?

Hadn't (had not)

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

gone

To

Kabul

Last week.?

Had

They

We

You

I

He

She

It




11

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENS:

Def:

It shows the duration an action that started before certain point in the past in continued up to

that time.

1.4.1 Past perfect continuous (progressive) tens positive structure

Subject + had been + 1st form of verb + ing + objective + complement + .

Example:

1.4.2 Past perfect continuous (progressive) tens negative structure

Subject + hadn't been + 1st form of verb + objective + complement + .

Example:

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

Teaching in nursing school since 2005 when I came .

Had been

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

Teaching in nursing school since 2005 when I came.

Hadn't (had not) been




11

Past perfects (progressive) tens interrogative structure

Had + Subject +been + 1st form of verb + objective + complement ?

Example:

1.4.4 Past perfect continuous (progressive) tens interrogative

negative structure

to be + not + Subject +1st form of verb + objective + complement + .

Example:

Been Teaching in nursing school since 2005 when I came ?

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

been)

Teaching in nursing school since 2005 when I came?

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

Hadn't (had not)

Had (had)




12

PRESENT INDEFINITE (simple) TENS:

Def: 1

It shows daily action.

Def: 2

It shows an action that happens regularly, naturally and habitually

2.1.1 Present indefinite (simple) tens positive structure

Subject + 1st form of verb + objective + complement + .

Example:

2.1.2 present indefinite (simple) tens negative structure

Subject + do/does+ not + 1st form of verb + objective + complement + .

Example:

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

Go

To

Kabul

Today.

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

Go

To

Kabul

Today.

Don't (Do not )

Doesn't (does not)

Go s




13

2.1.3 present indefinite (simple) tens interrogativ structure

Do/does + Subject + 1st form of verb + objective + complement + ? .

Example:

2.1.4 present indefinite (simple) tens interrogative &negative

structure

Do/does +not+ Subject + 1st form of verb + objective + complement + ?.

Example:

Go

To

Kabul

Today.?

don't(do not )

doesn't (does not)

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

Go

To

Kabul

Today.

do

does

They

We

You

I

He

She

It




14

PRESENT CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE) TENS:

Def:

It is shows an action that is happening at the time of speaking.

2.2.1 present continuous (progressive) tens positive structure

Subject + to be + 1st form of verb + ing + objective + complement + .

Example:

2.2.2 present continuous (progressive) tens negative structure

Subject + to be + not + 1st form of verb + ing + objective + complement + .

Example:

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

Go ing

To

Kabul

now

are

is

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

Go ing

To

Kabul

now

aren't(are not )

isn't (is not)

am

am not




15

present continuous (progressive) tens interrogativ structure

to be + Subject + 1st form of verb + ing + objective + complement + .

Example:

2.2.4 present continuous (progressive) tens interrogativ negative

structure

To be + not +Subject + 1st form of verb + ing+ objective + complement + .

Example:

Go ing

To

Kabul

Now?

aren't(are not )

isn't (is not)

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

Go ing

To

Kabul

Now?

are

is

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

am

Am not




16

PRESENT PERFECT TENS:

Def 1.

It shows an action that started and finished unclear time in the past .

Def 2.

It shows an action that was repeated unclear time in past

2.3.1 present perfect tens positive structure

Subject + have/has+ 3rd form of verb + objective + complement + .

Example:

2.3.2 present perfect tens negative structure

Subject + to be + not + 3rd form of verb + objective + complement + .

Example:

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

Gone

To

Kabul

have

has

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

gone

To

Kabul

.

Haven't (have not )

Hasn't (has not)




17

Present perfect tens interrogative structure

Subject + have/has + not+3rd t form of verb + objective + complement + .

Example:

2.3.4 present perfect tens interrogative & negative structure

Have /has+not+Subject + 3rd form of verb + objective + complement + ? .

Example:

gone

To

Kabul

Yet?

Haven't (have not )

Hasn't (has not)

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

gone

To

Kabul

؟

Hav

e

Ha

s

They

We

You

I

He

She

It




18

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENS:

Def:

It shows an action that started in the past continuous to the present may or may not go to

future .

2.4.1 Present perfect continuous tens positive structure

Subject + have/has+ 1st form of verb + ing + objective + complement + .

Example:

2.4.2 Present perfect continuous tens negative structure

Subject + have/has+ not + 1st form of verb + objective + complement + .

Example:

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

Go ing

To

Kabul

Since /for.

Have been

Has been

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

Going

To

Kabul since 2009.

Haven't (have not) been




19

present perfect continuous tens interrogative structure

have/has+Subject + 1st form of verb + objective + complement +? .

Example:

2.4.4 Present perfect continuous tens interrogative & negative

structure

Have/has+not+Subject + 1st form of verb + objective + complement + ? .

Example:

They been going to Kabul for seven days?

Have/has +not

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

Been Going

To

Kabul

For three hours?.

Hav

eee

Was

They

We

You

I

He

She

It




21

FUTURE INDEFINITE (SIMPLE) TENS:

Def:

It shows an action that happens in the coming time

3.1.1 Future indefinite (simple) tens positive structure

Subject + will + + 1st form of verb + objective + complement + .

Example:

3.1.2 Future indefinite (simple) tens negative structure

Subject + will + not + 1st form of verb + objective + complement + .

Example:

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

Go

To

Kabul

Next time . Will

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

Go

To

Kabul

Next week. Won't (will not)




21

3.1.3 Future indefinite (simple ) tens interrogative structure

Will +Subject + 1st form of verb + objective + complement + ? .

Example:

3.1.4 Future indefinite (simple) tens interrogative& negative structure

Will +not +Subject + 1st form of verb + objective + complement + ? .

Example:

go To

Kabul

Nextweek? Won't (will not)

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

Go

To

Kabul next time? Will

They

We

You

I

He

She

It




22

FUTUR (CONTINUOUS OR PROGRESSIVE) TENS:

Def:

It shows an action that will be progress in the coming time before anther action.

3.2.1 Future continuous (progressive) tens positive structure

Subject + will be+ 1st form of verb + ing + objective + complement + .

Example:

3.2.2 Future continuous (progressive) tens negative structure

Subject + will + not + 1st form of verb +ing+ objective + complement + .

Example:

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

Go ing

To

Kabul

Next time

will be

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

Go ing

To

Kabul

Next time Won't(will not) be




23

future continuous (progressive) tens interrogativ structure

Will+Subject + 1st form of verb + ing+ objective + complement + ?.

Example:

3.2.4 future continuous (progressive) tens interrogativ &negative structure

Will+Subject be + 1st form of verb + ing+ objective + complement + ? .

Example:

To

Kabul

Be going to Kabul next

week?

Won't (will not)

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

Be going

To

Kabul

Next time? will

They

We

You

I

He

She

It




24

Will not /won't have completed

the program.

will have completed the program.

FUTURE PERFECT TENS:

Def:

I t shows an action that will have been completed before anther action

3.3.1 future perfect tens positive structure

Subject + will/have+ third form of the verb (3rd)+ objective + complement + .

Example:

3.3.2 Future perfect tens negative structure

Subject +Will not /won't + have1st third for of the verb(3rd) + objective + complement + ?.

Example:

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

They

We

You

I

He

She

It




25

3.3.3 Future perfect) tens interrogative structure

Subject will have been + 3rd form of the verb + objective + complement + .

Example:

3.3.4 Future perfect) tens interrogative negative structure

Subject + to be + not + 3rd form of the verb + objective + complement + .

Example

The

y

We

You

I

He

She

It

have completed. Will

The

y

We

You

I

He

She

It

have completed? Will not /won't




26

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENS:

Def:

It shows an action that will be progress for over a period of time that will end future

3.3.1 future perfect continuous (progressive) tens positive structure

Subject + will have been + 1st form of verb + ing + objective + complement + .

Example:

3.3.1 future perfect continuous (progressive) tens negative structure


Example:

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

will have been going to school when I come.

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

Won't (will not )been going to school when I

come.

Won't (will not )been going to school when I

come.




27

3.3.1 future perfect continuous (progressive) tens positive structure


Example:

3.3.1 future perfect continuous (progressive) tens negative structure


Example:

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

have been going to school to school when I come? Will

They

We

You

I

He

She

It

have been going to school to school when I come? Will not (won't)


Documents

English course Tenses 19/10/2010 1:25:48 PMsalab.weebly.com/uploads/4/4/6/4/4464741/grammar_from_bashrdoost.pdf · Perfect continuous 1. Past tens 4. 2.Present tens 5. Future tens