English Colonization: English Colonization: New England v. VirginiaNew England v. Virginia

Causes for English ColonizationCauses for English Colonization

Fall of Spanish Armada in 1588 Fall of Spanish Armada in 1588 opens North Atlantic to English opens North Atlantic to English expansionexpansion

Changes in English economyChanges in English economy– Rise of merchant classRise of merchant class– Joint-stock companiesJoint-stock companies– Surplus population in citiesSurplus population in cities

Causes for English ColonizationCauses for English Colonization

Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation– Anti-”Popish” believers (Puritans) felt Anti-”Popish” believers (Puritans) felt

that the Church of England was not that the Church of England was not Protestant enough in its beliefs and Protestant enough in its beliefs and practicespractices

– Persecution of Puritans, and Quakers led Persecution of Puritans, and Quakers led to conflict with religious and political to conflict with religious and political authoritiesauthorities

Jamestown and VirginiaJamestown and Virginia

The Virginia Company received The Virginia Company received charter from King James I in 1607charter from King James I in 1607

GoalsGoals– Gold and wealthGold and wealth– Convert Indians to ChristianityConvert Indians to Christianity– Find a passage to the IndiesFind a passage to the Indies

John Smith’s Map of VirginiaJohn Smith’s Map of Virginia

Jamestown and VirginiaJamestown and Virginia

Early group suffered from laziness, Early group suffered from laziness, starvation, and malariastarvation, and malaria

Saved by leadership of John Smith Saved by leadership of John Smith and tobacco planter John Rolfeand tobacco planter John Rolfe

Legend of Pocahontas (Matoaka)Legend of Pocahontas (Matoaka)

Portraits of PocahontasPortraits of Pocahontas

Jamestown Wattle and Daub houseJamestown Wattle and Daub house

TobaccoTobacco

Brought capital and workers to Brought capital and workers to VirginiaVirginia

ProblemsProblems– Chained prosperity of Virginia to one Chained prosperity of Virginia to one

cropcrop– Exhausted the soilExhausted the soil– Promoted large-acreage plantations Promoted large-acreage plantations

which needed large amounts of cheap which needed large amounts of cheap laborlabor

Contributions of early VirginiaContributions of early Virginia

Provided model for economic Provided model for economic investment in Americainvestment in America

First representative self-government First representative self-government (House of Burgesses)(House of Burgesses)

Demand for slaves (first slaves sold Demand for slaves (first slaves sold by Dutch to settlers in 1619)by Dutch to settlers in 1619)

Relationships with natives (good and Relationships with natives (good and bad)bad)

New England ColoniesNew England Colonies

Separatists (Pilgrims) arrived at Separatists (Pilgrims) arrived at Plymouth in 1620Plymouth in 1620– Mayflower Compact: first document of Mayflower Compact: first document of

self-government in Americaself-government in America– After difficult first winter (44 out of 102 After difficult first winter (44 out of 102

survived), survived under the leadership survived), survived under the leadership of Governor William Bradfordof Governor William Bradford

New England ColoniesNew England Colonies

Puritans settled Massachusetts Bay Puritans settled Massachusetts Bay in 1630 for religious reasons (Great in 1630 for religious reasons (Great Puritan Migration: 1629-1640)Puritan Migration: 1629-1640)

Middle classMiddle class Educated Educated Fur traders, fishermen, and Fur traders, fishermen, and

shipbuildersshipbuilders Bible Commonwealth: restricted to Bible Commonwealth: restricted to

male members of the Puritan churchmale members of the Puritan church