English Book - ESPOCHcongresos.espoch.edu.ec/files/libros/ESPOCH_Level_I 2.pdf · English Book Level I 12 4.2. Simple Present Tense of “Do Verbs” The simple present tense points

English Book

English Book

Level I

Volume 2

Enrique Jesús Guambo Yerovi

English BookLevel I© 2015 Enrique Jesús Guambo Yerovi © 2015 Escuela Superior Politécnica del Chimborazo Panamericana Sur, kilómetro 1 1/2 Instituto de investigación Riobamba, Ecuador Teléfono: 593 (03) 2 998-200 Código Postal: EC060155

Aval ESPOCH

Este libro se sometió a arbitraje bajo el sistema de doble ciego (peer review).

Corrección, diseño, diagramación e ilustración:La Caracola Editores

Impreso en Ecuador

Prohibida la reproducción de este libro, por cualquier medio, sin la previa autorización por escrito de los propietarios del Copyright.

CDU: 811.111English Book. Level I. Volume 1.Riobamba: Escuela Superior Politécnica del Chimborazo. Instituto de Investigaciones; 201599 p. vol: 17 x 24 cmISBN: 978-xxxx-xx-xxx-x1. Enseñanza de inglés2. Inglés como lengua extranjera3. Gramática inglesa

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VoLumE 2

UNIT 4 .................................................................................................114.1. Conversation .........................................................................11

Going To School .................................................................114.2. Simple Present Tense Of “Do Verbs” ....................................12

Affirmative Sentences .........................................................13Negative Sentences .............................................................14Interrogative Sentences .......................................................15Affirmative And Negative ...................................................16Long And Short Answers ...................................................16Information Questions .......................................................20

4.2. Reading .................................................................................25Dinner In New York ...........................................................25

4.3. Conversation .........................................................................27Discussing About Sports ....................................................27

4.4. Adverbs Of Frequency With The Present Tense Of “Do Verbs” ......28Affirmative Sentences .........................................................29Adverbs Of Frequency ........................................................29Information Questions .......................................................31

4.4. Adverbs Of Frequency With Do Verbs (R.v. – I.v.) ...............324.5 Reading ..................................................................................34

The Origin Of Jeans ............................................................344.6. Some – Any ...........................................................................35

Any .....................................................................................36Some / Any .........................................................................36

4. 8. Indefinite Pronouns ..............................................................39

UNIT 5 .................................................................................................435.1. Conversation .........................................................................43

At The Snack-Bar ...............................................................435.2. Simple Past Tense Of “To Be” ..............................................44

English BookLevel I

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Affirmative Sentences .........................................................44Negative Sentences .............................................................45Past Tense Of To Be ...........................................................45Interrogative Sentences .......................................................47Affirmative And Negative ...................................................47Long And Short Answers ...................................................47Past Tense Of To Be ( Was-Were ) .....................................50Information Questions .......................................................52Reading ...............................................................................55Thomas Alva Edison ...........................................................55

5.4. Conversation .........................................................................57A Party At Joe’s ...................................................................57

5.5. Simple Past Tense Of Do Verbs ............................................58Irregular Verbs Characteristics ............................................58Regular Verbs Characteristic ...............................................58Rules To Form The Past Tense Of Regular Verbs ...............59Pronunciation Rules Of Regular Verbs ...............................59Affirmative Sentences .........................................................60Negative Sentences .............................................................60Interrogative Sentences .......................................................61Affirmative And Negative ...................................................61Long And Short Answers ...................................................61Simple Past Tense ...............................................................64Information Questions .......................................................67

5.6. Reading .................................................................................69The Liberator ......................................................................69

APPENDIx .........................................................................................73General Adjectives .......................................................................73Contrastive Adjectives ..................................................................75Adverbs Of Place .........................................................................77Adverbs Of Time In Present Tense ..............................................78Adverbs Of Time In Past Tense ...................................................78Adverbs Of Time In Future Tense ...............................................79


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List Of Irregular Verbs .................................................................80List Of Regular Verbs ..................................................................82

VOCABULARY ..................................................................................83The Classroom .............................................................................83The Family ...................................................................................83Fruits ............................................................................................84Transportation ..............................................................................84Clothing .......................................................................................85The House ....................................................................................85The Living-Room ........................................................................85The Dining-Room .......................................................................86The Bed-Room .............................................................................86The Bath-Room ...........................................................................86The Kitchen ..................................................................................87The Garden ..................................................................................87Professions ( Careers ) ..................................................................88The Human Body .........................................................................90Internal Organs ............................................................................91Skeleton .......................................................................................91Animals ........................................................................................91Fish And Reptiles ........................................................................92Insects And Other Animals .........................................................92Birds .............................................................................................92Sports ...........................................................................................93Food, Eating And Drinks ............................................................93Traveling By Plane, Train And Boat ............................................94At The Hotel ................................................................................94At The Restaurant ........................................................................95At The Bank .................................................................................95At The Post Office ........................................................................96At The Doctor’s / At The Dentist’s ...............................................96

Bibliography .................................................................................99

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uNIT 4

4.1. Conversation

Going To School

HENRY: Hi, David.DAVID: Hello, Henry.HENRY: Do you walk to school in the morning?DAVID: No, I take a taxi.HENRY: How much do you pay for the ride? DAVID: I pay one dollar for it. HENRY: What time do you wake up?DAVID: I wake up at six o’clock. HENRY: What time do you go to school?DAVID: I go to school at quarter to seven. HENRY: Can I go with you to school tomorrow? DAVID: Sure, I’ll be waiting for you tomorrow.HENRY: I’ll see you tomorrow.DAVID: O.K. goodbye, Henry.

English BookLevel I

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4.2. Simple Present Tense of “Do Verbs”

The simple present tense points out a custom or habit. It’s formed by adding an “s” to the verb, only when the subject refers to one of the third person singular (he, she, it).

He plays basketball. / She needs a book. / It works fine.

In order to form verbs in third person singular, we must know the following rules:

1) Verbs ending in: S, SH, CH, x, Z, we add “ES” [IZ]. E.g.

Wash- washes / Wish- wishes / Teach- teaches / Miss- misses

Watch- watches / Fix- fixes / Catch- catches / Mix- mixes

2) Verbs ending in “O”, we add “ES” [Z]. E.g.

Go – goes / Do – does

3) Verbs ending in “y”, preceded by a consonant, change the “y” by “i” and add “es”.

Study – studies / Fly – flies / Cry – cries / Try – tries

4) Verbs ending in “y”, but preceded by a vowel, only add an “s”. E.g.

Say – says / buy – buys / Play – plays / Stay – stays

5) Verbs ending in: CE, GE, SE, only add an “S” [IZ]. Eg.

Change – changes / Pronounce – pronounces / Close – closes


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Affirmative Sentences

In order to form affirmative sentences, we must have the following order: S + V + C.

Paulina watches T.V. S V C

The doctors work very hard. S V C

John sees Mary. S V C

Complete the blank with the correct form of the verb.

1) We read the newspaper in class every day. (read-reads)

2) He ______ to school by bus. (come-comes)

3) I always ______ to school. (walks-walk)

4) The children _____ at the park. (plays-play)

5) I ______ lunch in the cafeteria. (eats-eat)

6) Helen _____ very hard. (work-works)

7) I ____ to sit in the sun. (likes-like)

8) The dog ______ the cat. (chase-chases)

9) Mr. Smith ______ for American Airline. (work-works)

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10) Diana generally______ English at school. (teach-teaches)

11) We always _______ tennis on Saturdays. (plays-play)

12) He usually _______ his clothes on Sundays. (wash-washes)

13) They _______ lunch together every day. (eats-eat)

14) Some girls ________ too much make-up. (uses-use)

15) Joel _______ Engineering at the university. (study-studies)

16) The students _______ in class. (lies-lie)

17) They _______ church every Sunday. (attends-attend)

18) He ________ several languages. (speak-speaks)

19) My mom _______ delicious every day. (cook-cooks)

20) The men _________ the soccer game. (enjoys-enjoy)

Negative Sentences

In order to form negative sentences, we need to use necessarily two auxiliaries: Do and does. These auxiliaries don’t have translation as auxilia-ries, but they do as principal verbs.

We use “DOES” with the third person singular: HE, SHE, IT.

We use “DO” with the rest of pronouns: I, YOU, WE, THEY.


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For denying we must use “NOT” after the auxiliary verb. So we have:

DOES NOT > DOESN’T / DO NOT > DON’T

NOTE: When we use the auxiliaries “DO” and “DOES” in NEGA-TIVE sentences, the main verb must be in the simple form, this is without the “S”, because of the auxiliaries. E.g.

Marcia doesn’t clean the house. S Aux.+not PV.SF. C

They don’t like cartoons. S Aux.+not PV.SF. C

Interrogative Sentences

We did the same way in negative sentences, we need the auxiliaries “DO” and “DOES” into INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES. The use of the auxiliaries depends on the subject. If the subject is in the third person singular (He, She, It), we have to use “DOES”, and if the subject refers to the rest of the pronouns, this is (I, You, We, They), we have to use “DO”. When using the auxiliaries into INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES, the main verb must be in the simple form, it means without the “s”, because of the auxiliaries. E.g.

Does Mary study English?Aux. S PV.SF C

Do they eat early?Aux. S PV.SF C

English BookLevel I

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Affirmative And Negative

Long And Short Answers

1) Does Mario go to the office at nine A.M.? Yes, he goes to the office at nine A.M. Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t go to the office at nine A.M. No, he doesn’t.

2) Do my parents watch T.V. at night? Yes, they watch T.V. at night. Yes, they do. No, they don’t watch T.V. at night. No, they don’t.

3) Does Diana practice basketball? Yes, she practices basketball. Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t practice basketball. No, she doesn’t.

4) Do the children play in the yard? Yes, they play in the yard. Yes, they do. No, they don’t play in the yard. No, they don’t.

5) Does John give conferences at school? Yes, he gives conferences at school. Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t give conferences at school. No, he doesn’t.


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6) Do my friends arrive on time? Yes, they arrive on time. Yes, they do. No, they don’t arrive on time. No, they don’t.

Change into negative form the following sentences:

1) I work on the tenth floor. / I don’t work on the tenth floor

2) Mary likes English. / _______________________________________

3) They speak English well. / ___________________________________

4) The plane leaves at ten o’clock. / _______________________________

5) He knows French perfectly. / _________________________________

6) I feel very well today. / ______________________________________

7) He eats lunch in the cafeteria. / ________________________________

8) They live in Guayaquil. / _____________________________________

9) We use our books in class. / ___________________________________

10) Paulina teaches Mathematics. / _______________________________

English BookLevel I

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Change all the sentences above to interrogative, and give short affir-mative or negative answers.

1) Do you work on the tenth floor? Yes, I do / No, I don’t

2) _____________________________? __________ / __________

3) _____________________________? __________ / __________

4) _____________________________? __________ / __________

5) _____________________________? __________ / __________

6) _____________________________? __________ / __________

7) _____________________________? __________ / __________

8) _____________________________? __________ / __________

9) _____________________________? __________ / __________

10) _____________________________? __________ / __________

Complete this conversation. Choose the correct word.

Betsy: __________ you _________ near here, Lauren? (do/does) (live/lives)

Lauren: Yes, I __________. My husband and I __________ on Main street. (do/does) (live/lives)

Betsy: oh, do you _________ in an apartment? (live/lives)


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Lauren: No, we __________. We ___________ a house. (don’t/doesn’t) (have/has)

Betsy: Oh, great! __________ you __________ children? (do/does) (have/has)

Lauren: No, we __________. But my brother __________ with us. (don’t/doesn’t) (live/lives)

He’s a student at the university downtown.

Betsy: Really? Is your brother at home a lot?

Lauren: Yes, he __________. In fact, he __________ dinner every night! (is / does) (cooks/cook)

Betsy: You’re lucky! I __________ alone, and I __________ my own dinner. (live/lives) (cook/cooks)

Answer these questions with your own information. Use short answers.

“Yes, I do” or “No, I don’t”.

1) Do you live in an apartment? / No, I don’t

2) Do you have a yard? / _________

3) Do you and your family live together? /_________

4) Does your hometown have a park? /_________

5) Does your teacher have a car? / _________

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6) Do you and your classmates speak English? /_________

7) Does your classroom have windows? /_________

Information Questions

1) Who lives with you in your house? WH. VP+S C

My parents live with me in my house. My parents.

2) Where does your father work every day? WH. Aux. S VP.fs. C

My father works at the university every day. At the university.

3) When do you celebrate your birthday? Wh. Aux. S VP.fs. C

I celebrate my birthday on January 31st. On January 31st.

THE TEACHER ExPLAINS THE ENGLISH CLASS VERY CLEARLY.

Who explains the English class very clearly? / The teacher Wh. VP+S C

What does he explain very clearly? / The English class Wh. Aux. S VP.fs C


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How does he explain the English class? / Very clearly Wh. Aux. S Vp.fs. C

THEY PLAY TENNIS TWO HOURS EVERY MORNING.

What do they play two hours every morning? / Tennis Wh. Aux. S Vp.fs C

How long do they play tennis every morning? / Two hours Wh. Aux. S VP.fs. C

When do they play tennis two hours? / Every morning Wh. Aux. S Vp.fs. C

WH-QuESTIoNS with Do VERBS

Answer the following WH-Questions:

1) Who speaks English in your house?

______________________________________________________

2) Who plays basketball in your house?

______________________________________________________

3) Who drives in your house?

______________________________________________________

4) Who cooks delicious in your house?

______________________________________________________

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5) Who makes jokes in your house?

______________________________________________________

6) What do you do after school?

______________________________________________________

7) When do you go to church?

______________________________________________________

8) What time do you go to church?

______________________________________________________

9) With whom do you go to church?

______________________________________________________

10) Where do you do your homework?

______________________________________________________ 11) What time do you do your homework?

______________________________________________________

12) Who helps you to do your homework?

______________________________________________________

13) How many English books do you have?

______________________________________________________


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14) How many cars does your father have?

______________________________________________________

15) How many good friends do you have?

______________________________________________________

16) Where do you go on vacations?

______________________________________________________

17) When do you go to the library?

______________________________________________________

18) When do you celebrate your birthday?

______________________________________________________

Make the INFORMATION QUESTIONS, according to the un-derlined phrases.

The party begins at three at Susan’s house this afternoon.

1) What begins at three at Susan’s house this afternoon?

2) ___________________________________________________?

3) ___________________________________________________?

4) ___________________________________________________?

English BookLevel I

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Joel jogs with his mother around the park in the morning.

1) ___________________________________________________?

2) ___________________________________________________?

3) ___________________________________________________?

4) ___________________________________________________?

My children go to school by bus every day.

1) ___________________________________________________?

2) ___________________________________________________?

3) ___________________________________________________?

4) ___________________________________________________?

Mr. Johnson needs ten new computers this year.

1) ___________________________________________________?

2) ___________________________________________________?

3) ___________________________________________________?


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4.2. Reading

Dinner In New York

Héctor and Isabel Rivera are in a restaurant in New York. They are having dinner. They are from Venezuela. They are tourists in the Unit-ed States.They speak Spanish, but they speak English well too. They are talking to the waiter in English. Isabel is ordering fish soup and rice. She likes fish. Héctor doesn’t like fish. He wants meat. He is ordering meat soup and potatoes. He also wants coffee with his dinner. Isabel drinks cof-fee after dinner, but she wants water right now. They don’t want wine or beer. Héctor and Isabel like American food. They like the restaurant. The waiter is polite and friendly. They like him too.

English BookLevel I

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Answer the following questions about the reading.

1) Where are Héctor and Isabel? /________________________________

2) What are they doing? / ______________________________________

3) Where are they from? / ______________________________________

4) Do they speak English well? / ________________________________

5) What is Isabel ordering? / ____________________________________

6) Does Héctor like fish? / _____________________________________

7) Does he want coffee with dinner? / _______________________________

8) Does Isabel want coffee right now? / _____________________________

9) Do they want wine? / _______________________________________

10) Do they like the waiter? / ___________________________________


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4.3. Conversation

Discussing About Sports

PAUL: Hi, Michael. MICHAEL: Hello, Paul. PAUL: Do you always practice sports? MICHAEL: Yes, I always practice sports at school. PAUL: How about a basketball game? MICHAEL: I don’t like basketball. PAUL: Do you like soccer?MICHAEL: Yes, I do. PAUL: Great! Let’s play then. MICHAEL: No. I like to watch it on T.V.PAUL: I’ll see you around.MICHAEL: O.K., bye-bye.

English BookLevel I

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4.4. Adverbs of Frequency With The Present Tense of “Do Verbs”

The adverbs of frequency, with the simple present tense, must go BEFORE a regular or irregular verb. E.g.

Oscar always studies Math. Adv. F V

They frequently eat early at home. Adv. F. V

SOMETIMES is the unique adverb of frequency that can go in 3 different positions:

At the beginning of a sentence, before and after a regular or irregular verb. E.g.

SOMETIMES I do my homeworks at school. (At the beginning) Adv. F. V

I SOMETIMES do my homeworks at school. (Before a verb) Adv. F. V

I do SOMETIMES my homeworks at school. (After a verb) V Adv. F.

NOTE: The adverbs of frequency SELDOM, RARELY and NEV-ER are considered “negative forms”, by the way, they shouldn’t be used in negative sentences.


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My parents always go to church on Sunday. Adv. F. VJane usually studies on weekends. Adv. F. V

The teacher often repeats the class. Adv. F. V

Mr. Olmedo never jogs in the morning. Adv. F V

Adverbs of Frequency

Rewrite the following sentences including the adverbs in the correct places.

1) Diana studies English at home. (always) Diana always studies English at home.

2) My relatives work in the morning. (usually) _________________________________________________

3) My son practices basketball at night. (sometimes)

_________________________________________________

4) Mr. Olmedo buys his food at the supermarket. (often)

_________________________________________________

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5) Some people in Korea eat pickled vegetables for breakfast. (always)

_________________________________________________6) In China, people use sugar in their tea. (seldom)

_________________________________________________

7) In England, people have milk in their tea. (usually)

_________________________________________________

8) In Japan, people have fish for breakfast. (sometimes)

_________________________________________________

9) Brazilians make drinks with fruit. (often)

_________________________________________________ 10) People in Canada have salad for breakfast. (seldom)

_________________________________________________

Negative and interrogative sentences with long and short answers.

1) Sofìa usually dances on weekend. She doesn’t usually dance on weekend. Does she usually dance on weekend? Yes, she usually dances on weekend. Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t usually dance on weekend. No, she doesn’t.


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2) They often work on Sundays. They don’t often work on Sundays. Do they often work on Sundays? Yes, they often work on Sundays. Yes, they do. No, they don’t often work on Sundays. No, they don’t.


RICHARD USUALLY VISITS HIS UNCLE AT THREE ON FRIDAY.

Who usually visits his uncle at three on Friday? Richard Wh. Adv. F V C

Whom does he usually visit at three on Friday? His uncle Wh. Aux. S Adv. F V C

What time does he usually visit his uncle on Friday? At three Wh. Aux. S Adv. F V C

When does he usually visit his uncle at three? On Friday Wh. Aux. S Adv. F. V C

English BookLevel I

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4.4. Adverbs of Frequency With Do Verbs (R.V – I.V.)

A) Rewrite the following sentences including the advs. of frequency in parentheses.

1) The teacher repeats the new exercises to the students. (always) The teacher always repeats the new exercises to the students.

2) The boys go to bed at eleven P.M. (usually)

_________________________________________________

3) The secretary leaves the office at five o’clock. (frequently)

_________________________________________________

4) The president gives bad impressions to the people. (sometimes)

_________________________________________________

5) My father teaches English at the university. (always)

_________________________________________________

B) Change all the sentences above to negative and interrogative sentences.

1) The teacher doesn’t always repeat the new exercises to the students. Does the teacher always repeat the new exercises to the students?

2) _________________________________________________

________________________________________________?


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3) _________________________________________________

________________________________________________?

4) _________________________________________________

________________________________________________?

5) _________________________________________________

________________________________________________?

English BookLevel I

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4.5 Reading

The origin of Jeans

The year is 1853. The place is Sacramento. People from many coun-tries come to California looking for gold. They want to get rich. Levi Strauss is 24 years old, and he wants to get rich too. He comes from Ger-many with cloth to make tents.

One man asks: “What do you have there?”. “Tents”, answers Levi Strauss. The man says: “I don’t need a tent. I want a strong pair of pants to work”. Levi uses the cloth to make a pair of pants for the man. They’re a success. He makes one more, ten more, hundreds more. Today thousands of people wear Levi’s all over the world.


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Answer the questions about the reading.

1) Where is Sacramento? / ________________________________

2) What do people want there in 1853? / _______________________

3) Which country is Levi Strauss from? / ______________________

4) How does he want to get rich? / ___________________________

5) What does the man want to buy? / _________________________

6) What does Levi Strauss use the cloth for? / ___________________

4.6. Some – Any

Some and any are used with countable and uncountable nouns.

If we use SOME with countable nouns, its meaning in Spanish will be: “algunos (as)”. E.g.

Some books / Some pencils / Some cars / Some computers. C.N C.N. C.N. C.N

If we use SOME with uncountable nouns, its meaning in Spanish will be: “algo de”, “un poco de”. E.g.

Some water / Some juice / Some money / Some air. U.N. U.N. U.N. U.N.

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We use SOME in AFFIRMATIVE sentences and also in INTER-ROGATIVE sentences. E.g.

He took some books from the table.Did he take some books from the table?

Any

We use ANY in NEGATIVE sentences and also in INTERROG-ATIVE sentences.

Its meaning in Spanish depends on its context: “Ningún (a)”, “cual-quier (a)”, or “nada”; with countable nouns or uncountable nouns. E.g.

We didn’t see any good shows in New York last month. Did we see any good shows in New York last month?Henry doesn’t need any money this week. Does he need any money this week?The children don’t need any water this moment. Do they need any water this moment?

Some / Any

Change the following exercises into NEGATIVE sentences.

1) There are some extra chairs in the next room. There aren’t any extra chairs in the next room.

2) We see some good shows in Sidney every two months.

_________________________________________________


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3) Jonathan makes some mistakes in spelling.

_________________________________________________

4) They have some pretty dresses in that store.

_________________________________________________

5) The teacher teaches us some important grammar rules.

_________________________________________________

6) We learn some new words in class every day.

_________________________________________________

7) There are some flowers in the yellow vase.

_________________________________________________

8) There are some rich men in this city.

_________________________________________________

9) We have some good friends in our neighborhood.

_________________________________________________

10) The doctor gives her some pills to take.

_________________________________________________

11) You need some warm clothes to live in Quito.

_________________________________________________

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Some / Any

Complete these conversations with SOME or ANY.

1) A: What do you want for dinner?

B: Let’s make some pasta with our favorite sauce.

A: Good Idea. Do we have _________ meat?

B: Well, we have __________ beef, but I don’t want __________

meat in the sauce. Let’s get __________ tomatoes and onions.

A: O.K. Do we need __________ green peppers for the sauce?

B: Yes, let’s get __________ peppers, too. Oh, and __________ garlic.

A: Great. Let’s see. We don’t need __________ pasta.

We have __________ spaghetti here.

B: Yeah, but let’s get __________ bread. And __________ cheese, too.

2) A: What do you eat for breakfast? B: Well, first, I have fruit: __________ grapes and strawberries. A: That sounds good. Do you have __________ eggs or bacon?


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B: No, I don’t eat __________ eggs or meat in the morning.

A: What else do you have? B: I have _________ bread, but I don’t use __________ butter.

A: What do you drink?

B: I have __________ juice and coffee. I don’t use __________

sugar in my coffee, but I like __________ milk.

4. 8. Indefinite Pronouns

SOMEONE = Alguien (personas) EVERYONE = Todos (personas)

SOMEBODY = Alguien (personas) EVERYBODY = Todos (personas)

SOMETHING = Algo (cosa) EVERYTHING = Todo (cosas)

NO ONE = Nadie (personas) ANYBODY = Cualquiera (personas)

NOBODY = Nadie (personas) ANYONE = Cualquiera (personas)

NOTHING = Nada (cosas) ANYTHING = Cualquier cosa

The indefinite pronouns refer to people or indeterminated objects or indefinite amounts.

They are also known by compound pronouns, and can go as the sub-ject and object in a sentence.

Every indefinite pronoun takes a singular form of the verb, and they are used only with the third person singular (He, She, It). E.g.

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Someone is knocking at the door. / We have someone working for us. S OBJ.

Everyone is at the beach now. / There is nobody at home. S OBJ.

Everyone reads every moment. / Everybody buys food. S S.

No one likes the movie. / Nobody likes to study. S S

Someone is in the garden. / Nothing is on the table. S S

A) Make 10 sentences with indefinite pronouns as “SUBJECT”. Eg.

1) Someone is in the bedroom. .

2) ____________________________________________________

3) ____________________________________________________

4) ____________________________________________________

5) ____________________________________________________

6) ____________________________________________________

7) ____________________________________________________

8) ____________________________________________________


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9) ____________________________________________________

10) ___________________________________________________

B) Make 10 sentences with indefinite pronouns as “OBJECT”. Eg.

1) There is something on the table. .

2) ____________________________________________________

3) ____________________________________________________

4) ____________________________________________________

5) ____________________________________________________

6) ____________________________________________________

7) ____________________________________________________

8) ____________________________________________________

9) ____________________________________________________

10) ___________________________________________________

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uNIT 5

5.1. Conversation

At The Snack-Bar

CHARLES: Hi, Peter.PETER: Hello, Charles.CHARLES: Where were you last night?PETER: I was with Jackeline. CHARLES: Were you and Jackeline at the disco?PETER: No, we weren’t. We were at the snack-bar.CHARLES: Did you have a great time with her?PETER: Yes, I did.CHARLES: What time did you take her home?PETER: Around ten o’clock. CHARLES: I’ll see you tomorrow at school. PETER: O.K. I’ll see you there.

English BookLevel I

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5.2. Simple Past Tense of “ To Be “

The verb “TO BE” into the PAST tense has two forms: WAS and WERE. This verb conjugated will be:

I WAS = YO ERA / ESTABA

YOU WERE = TÚ ERAS / ESTABAS

HE WAS = ÉL ERA / ESTABA

SHE WAS = ELLA ERA / ESTABA

IT WAS = ELLO ERA / ESTABA

WE WERE = NOSOTROS ÉRAMOS / ESTÁBAMOS

YOU WERE = UDS. ERAN / ESTABAN

THEY WERE = ELLOS ERAN / ESTABAN


John was at the museum S BE C

They were good friends S BE C

Helen was very busy at home. S BE C


45

Negative Sentences

In order to make NEGATIVE sentences we place “NOT” after the verb “To Be”.

WAS NOT > WASN’T WERE NOT > WEREN’T

Dennis was not a teacher. S BE not C

They were not at the library. S BE not C

Caroline was not tired. S BE not C

Past Tense of To Be

A) Complete these sentences with the correct past tense form of TO BE.

1) Helen was absent from school yesterday.

2) I __________ in the same class as William last year.

3) We __________ good friends for many years.

4) The door of the office __________ open.

5) But both windows __________ closed.

6) John __________ in school yesterday.

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7) He and his brother ________ sick.

8) I __________ busy all day yesterday.

9) We __________ tired after our long walk.

10) The weather __________ very warm yesterday.

B) Change the sentences above into NEGATIVE form.

1) Helen wasn’t absent from school yesterday.

2) _________________________________________________

3) _________________________________________________

4) _________________________________________________

5) _________________________________________________

6) _________________________________________________

7) _________________________________________________

8) _________________________________________________

9) _________________________________________________

10) ________________________________________________


47


In order to make INTERROGATIVE sentences, we place the verb TO BE before the subject. E.g.

Was Raquel at school? BE S C

Were the boys happy? BE S C

Was Nancy hungry? BE S C

Was Jenny a teacher? BE S C

Were they very busy? BE S C

Was Pablo with Susan?BE S C

Affirmative And NegativeLong And Short Answers

1) Was Sonia a good secretary? Yes, she was a good secretary. Yes, she was. No, she wasn’t a good secretary. No, she wasn’t.

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2) Were the students at the university? Yes, they were at the university. Yes, they were. No, they weren’t at the university. No, they weren’t.

3) Was Joel a handsome boy? Yes, he was a handsome boy. Yes, he was. No, he wasn’t a handsome boy. No, he wasn’t.

4) Were my parents at the office? Yes, they were at the office. Yes, they were. No, they weren’t at the office. No, they weren’t.

Past Tense of “To Be”

Change the following sentences to INTERROGATIVE form and give short affirmative or negative answers.

1) He was an old friend of the family.

Was he an old friend of the family?

Yes, he was. No, he wasn’t.

2) Both doors were closed.

________________________________________________?

Yes, _______________ No, _______________


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3) The exercises were easy to do.

________________________________________________?

Yes, _______________ No, _______________

4) The man was a stranger to her.

________________________________________________?

Yes, _______________ No, _______________

5) There were ten new words in the lesson.

________________________________________________?

Yes, _______________ No, _______________

6) John was a good swimmer.

________________________________________________?

Yes, _______________ No, _______________

7) She was a very intelligent girl.

________________________________________________?

Yes, _______________ No, _______________

8) They were both Americans.

________________________________________________?

Yes, _______________ No, _______________

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9) They were angry with each other.

________________________________________________?

Yes, _______________ No, _______________

10) She was a good typist.

________________________________________________?

Yes, _______________ No, _______________

Past Tense of “To Be” (Was-Were)

Complete these conversations with WAS, WASN’T, WERE, WEREN’T.

1) Peter: I called you on Saturday, but you weren’t home. David: No, I __________. I __________ in the country all

weekend.

Peter: That’s nice. How __________ the weather there?

David: It __________ beautiful.

Peter: __________ your parents there?

David: No, they __________. I __________ alone. It

__________ great.


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2) Sue: __________ you born in the U.S., Kim?

Kim: Yes, I __________. My brother and I __________ born

here in New York.

Sue: I __________ born here, too. What about your parents?

_________ they born here?

Kim: Well, my father __________. He __________ born in

China, but my mother ___________ born in the U.S. - in Chicago.

Sue: Chicago? Really? My parents __________ born in Chicago, too.

3) Nancy: __________ you in college last year, Chuck? Chuck: No, I __________. I graduated two years ago.

Nancy: So where __________ you last year?

Chuck: I _________ in France.

Nancy: Oh! __________ you in Paris?

Chuck: No, I __________. I __________ in Nice. I had a job

there.

Nancy: What _________ the job?

Chuck: I __________ a receptionist at a hotel.

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OSCAR WAS VERY BUSY AT HIS ENTERPRISE YESTERDAY.

Who was very busy at his enterprise yesterday? Oscar Wh BE C

How was he at his enterprise yesterday? Very busy Wh BE S C

Where was he very busy yesterday? At his enterprise Wh BE S C

When was he very busy at his enterprise? Yesterday Wh BE S C

THE ENGLISH CONTEST WAS AT TEN O’CLOCK YES-TERDAY MORNING.

What was at ten o’clock yesterday morning? The English contest Wh BE C

What time was it yesterday morning? At ten o’clock Wh BE S C

When was it at ten o’clock? Yesterday morning Wh BE S C

MY DAUGHTER WAS VERY HAPPY IN IBARRA LAST WEEK.

Who was very happy in Ibarra last week? My daughter Wh BE C


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How was she in Ibarra last week? Very happy Wh BE S C

Where was she very happy last week? In Ibarra Wh BE S C

When was she very happy in Ibarra? Last week Wh BE S C

Make the INFORMATION QUESTIONS according to the un-derlined phrases.

Mr. Robinson was at his office at four o’clock yesterday.

1) Who was at his office at four o’clock yesterday? 2) ___________________________________________________?

3) ___________________________________________________?

4) ___________________________________________________?

My kids were very happy at Susan’s party last night.

1) ___________________________________________________?

2) ___________________________________________________?

3) ___________________________________________________?

4) ___________________________________________________?

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Nancy was with her friends for four hours at the music concert.

1) ___________________________________________________?

2) ___________________________________________________?

3) ___________________________________________________?

4) ___________________________________________________?


55

Reading

Thomas Alva Edison

Last night there was an interesting film at the movie theater. It was about the life of Thomas Alva Edison, the great inventor. Edison was a citizen of the United States of America. He was born in the state of Ohio in 1847. When he was young, he was a bad student in school. However, science was his first love. When he was only twenty-two years old, Edi-son produced his first invention. There were many inventions by Edison: the phonograph, the electrical light bulb, the electrical motor, the movie projector, a movie camera, and many more (over 1.000 inventions). His philosophy of life was “work, work and work”. He was a great man.

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1) What was the movie about?

______________________________________________________

2) Was Thomas Edison a citizen of the United States?

______________________________________________________

3) Where was Edison born?

______________________________________________________

4) When was Edison born?

______________________________________________________

5) Was he a good student at school?

______________________________________________________

6) What was his first love?

______________________________________________________

7) How old was Edison when he produced his first invention?

______________________________________________________

8) What was his philosophy of life?

______________________________________________________


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5.4. Conversation

A Party At Joe’s

Sonia and Marcia are discussing what they did on Saturday night.

SONIA: What did you do on Saturday night?MARCIA: I went to a Party at Joe’s.SONIA: Were there many people there?MARCIA: Yes, there were.SONIA: Was Mandy there?MARCIA: Yes, she was. SONIA: What was she wearing?MARCIA: She was wearing a red dress. Ann and Jane were there

too. They were wearing blue jeans. SONIA: And what was the party like?MARCIA: It was O.K. We listened music, we sang, we danced, we

had a good time. How about you? SONIA: Well, my parents went out, and I stayed home with my little

brother.MARCIA: Oh, that’s too bad.

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5.5. Simple Past Tense of “To Do” Verbs

Irregular Verbs Characteristics

1) The form of the verb is totally different. It means present and past are written different. E.g.

Go – went / Buy – bought / Teach – taught

2) Present and past are written in the same way. E.g.

Cut – cut / Read – read / Put – put / Cost – cost

3) Present and past are different in the final consonant. E.g.

Send – sent / Spend – spent / Build – built / Lend – lent

4) Present and past are different with a vowel in middle position. E.g.

Write – wrote / Begin – began / Drive – drove / Sit – sat

5) Present and past are different with a consonant in middle po-sition. E.g.

Make – made

Regular Verbs Characteristic

The past tense of regular verbs has only one characteristic, which is adding the ending “ED” to the verb. E.g.

Work – worked / Help – helped


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Rules To Form The Past Tense of Regular Verbs

1) If a verb ends in “e”, only add a “d”. E.g. Close – closed / Invite – invited / Arrive – arrived / Like – liked

2) If a verb ends in “y” preceded by a consonant, change the “y” by “i” and add “ED”. E.g.

Study – studied / Dry – dried / Cry – cried

3) If a verb ends in “y” preceded by a vowel, only add “ed”. E.g. Enjoy – enjoyed / Play – played / Stay – stayed / Pray – prayed

Pronunciation Rules of Regular Verbs

1) The ending “ed” sounds [ t ] after a voiceless sound: [ p-k-s-sh-ch-f ] E.g.

Look – looked / Push – pushed / Ask – asked / Watch – watched Help – helped / Dress – dressed / Box – boxed / Laugh – laughed

2) The ending “ed” sounds [d] after a voiced sound: [ b-v-l-r-m-n-g-y-z ]. E.g.

Believe – believed / Enjoy – enjoyed / Pour – poured / Judge – judged 3) The ending “ed” sounds [ Id ] when a verb ends in “t” or “d”.

E.g. Need – needed / Wait – waited / Defend – defended / rest – rested Add – added / Count – counted / Repeat – repeated

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Richard bought a new jacket last week. S VI C

They worked at the office two years ago. S VR C

Jane wrote an interesting article. S IV C

My friends arrived too late. S VR C

Mr. Fox came at ten yesterday. S IV C

Diana helped her mother last night. S VR C

Paulina went to Quito last week. S IV C

Joel watched too much T.V. yesterday. S VR C

Negative Sentences

In order to make NEGATIVE sentences, we need to work with the auxiliary “DID”and the negative “NOT”. DID + NOT > DIDN’T. When we use the auxiliary “DID” in negative sentences, the main verb must be in simple form. It means the main verb must be in present tense, not in past anymore, because of the auxiliary “DID”.


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She didn’t go home at six. S Aux.+not V.s.f C

My sister didn’t study the lesson. S Aux.+not V.s.f. C


In order to make INTERROGATIVE sentences, we place the aux-iliary “DID” before the subject of the sentence, besides the main verb must be in the simple form. E.g.

Did he find a wallet yesterday?Aux S V.s.f. C

Did John speak English?Aux S V.s.f. C

Affirmative And NegativeLong And Short Answers

1) Did John find twenty dollars yesterday? Yes, he found twenty dollars yesterday. Yes, he did. No, he didn’t find twenty dollars yesterday. No, he didn’t. 2) Did the teacher explain the exercises? Yes, he explained the exercises. Yes, he did. No, he didn’t explain the exercises. No, he didn’t.

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A) Change into NEGATIVE form the following sentences:

1) Paulina bought a beautiful dress.

She didn’t buy a beautiful dress.

2) My brother chose the best shoes.

______________________________________________________

3) Diana gave a conference yesterday.

______________________________________________________

4) Mrs. Brown felt very sad last night.

______________________________________________________

5) We spent two days in Quito last week.

______________________________________________________

6) Joel went to the beach last summer.

______________________________________________________

7) My grandparents sold the old house.

______________________________________________________

8) Our team won the game yesterday.

______________________________________________________


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9) We walked to the office yesterday.

______________________________________________________

10) Susan studied for the exams last week.

______________________________________________________

B) Change all the sentences above to INTERROGATIVE and give short affirmative or negative answers.

1) Did Paulina buy a beautiful dress?

Yes, she did. No, she didn’t.

2) ________________________________________________?

Yes, _________ No, _________

3) ________________________________________________?

Yes, _________ No, _________

4) ________________________________________________?

Yes, _________ No, _________

5) ________________________________________________?

Yes, _________ No, _________

6) ________________________________________________?

Yes, _________ No, _________

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7) ________________________________________________?

Yes, _________ No, _________

8) ________________________________________________?

Yes, _________ No, _________

9) ________________________________________________?

Yes, _________ No, _________

10) ________________________________________________?

Yes, _________ No, _________

Simple Past Tense

Complete the paragraphs with the simple past of the verbs.

1) What a great weekend! On Friday, I invited (invite) some

friends over after school. We __________ (stop) at the video

store, but we __________ (not rent) a movie. So we __________ (play) basketball and __________ (listen) to music. Mom

__________ (cook) some hamburgers for dinner.

After dinner, we __________ (watch) TV.


65

2) On Saturday morning, Kelly __________ (call). She __________ (invite) me to her sister’s birthday party.

I __________ (need) a gift for the party, so I __________

(walk) to the mall. The party __________ (start) at 7:00 and

__________ (end) at 11:00. Kelly and I __________ (dance)

and __________ (talk) all evening. She’s really cool.

3) I __________ (study) on Sunday morning. In the afternoon,

Mom, Dad, and I __________ (shop) for groceries. Then I

__________ (help) Mom with dinner.

After dinner, I __________ (clean) my room. In the evening,

I _________ (call) Kelly, but we __________ (not talk) very

long. Tomorrow’s a school day, so I’m Going to go to bed now.

Good night.

Complete this conversation with the simple past of the verbs.

Kevin: So, Megan, ________ you ________ (have) a nice weekend?

Megan: Well, I ________ (have) an interesting weekend.

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My sister and her family __________ (visit).

Kevin: That’s nice.

Megan: Yes and no. My sister __________(not feel) well, so she

__________ (go) to bed and __________ (sleep) for 24 hours.

Kevin: Oh, well. __________ her husband and kids _________

(have) a good time?

Megan: On Saturday, they __________ (play) volleyball all day.

Then we __________ (have) a barbecue - and they __________ (eat)

all the food.

Kevin: __________ your sister __________ (get up) in the evening?

Megan: Yes. She finally _________ (get up) at around 6:00 P.M.

Kevin: __________ she __________ (feel) better?

Megan: Yes, she __________ (feel) much better. So she and her

family ___________ (stay) home, and I __________ (go) to a movie.

Kevin: So, __________ you _________ (see) a great movie?

Megan: I _________ (see) the new John Travolta movie. I _________

(love) it.


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CAROLINE BOUGHT A NEW OVERCOAT AT MACY’S YESTERDAY.

Who bought a new overcoat at Macy’s yesterday? Caroline Wh V.Past C

What did she buy at Macy’s yesterday? A new overcoat Wh Aux S V.fs C

Where did she buy a new overcoat yesterday? At Macy’s Wh Aux S V.fs. C

When did she buy a new overcoat at Macy’s? Yesterday Wh Aux S V.fs. C

CHARLES WENT TO QUITO AT TEN O’CLOCK YESTER-DAY MORNING.

Who went to Quito at ten o’clock yesterday morning? Charles Wh V.past C

Where did he go at ten o’clock testerday morning? To Quito Wh Aux S V.fs. C

What time did he go to Quito yesterday morning? At ten o’clock Wh Aux. S V.fs. C

When did he go to Quito at ten o’clock? Yesterday morning Wh Aux. S V.fs. C

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Make INFORMATION QUESTIONS according to the under-lined phrases.

My daughter drew a beautiful picture at home yesterday.

1) Who drew a beautiful picture at home yesterday?

2) ___________________________________________________?

3) ___________________________________________________?

4) ___________________________________________________?

The architect had a meeting with his workers at five o’clock.

1) ___________________________________________________?

2) ___________________________________________________?

3) ___________________________________________________?

4) ___________________________________________________?

Joel studied english with his sister three hours last night.

1) ___________________________________________________?

2) ___________________________________________________?

3) ___________________________________________________?

4) ___________________________________________________?


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5.6. Reading

The Liberator

Bolívar avenue, Bolívar park, Bolívar Mall, Bolívar airport, the “Bolí-var”, Venezuela’s currency, and Bolivia, the country, are all named after him. But who was this man? What did he do to have his name everywhere?

Simón Bolívar was born in Caracas on July 24, 1783. He was the son of a rich nobleman. When he was sixteen, he went to Europe to study. Bolívar had a dream. He wanted the Viceroyalty of New Granada and the rest of the Continent to be free from Spain.

Bolívar fought for more than 20 years to gain independence for Ven-ezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú and Bolivia. The colors of the “Liberator” are found in flags of Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador. Simón Bolívar died near Santa Marta, Colombia, on December 17, 1830.

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1) Which country is named after Simón Bolívar?

______________________________________________________

2) Where was he born?

______________________________________________________

3) Was he rich or poor?

______________________________________________________

4) Where did he study?

______________________________________________________

5) What was his dream?

______________________________________________________

6) How long did he take to free the countries?

______________________________________________________

7) Where did he die?

______________________________________________________


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8) What year were you born?

______________________________________________________

9) What color is your country’s flag?

______________________________________________________

73

APPENDIx

General Adjectives

Accurate = Exacto, seguro Doable = FactibleAwful = Horrible, terrible Docile = DócilAfraid = Asustado Elegant = EleganteAwake = Despierto Elevated = ElevadoAttractive = Atractivo Eloquent = ElocuenteBlond = Rubio Embarrasing = VergonzosoBrilliant = Brillante Emotive = EmotivoBlind = Ciego Emphatic = EnfáticoCripple = Lisiado, baldado Egoistic = EgoístaConfused = Confundido Enemy = EnemigoConfortless = Desconsolado Engrossing = Acaparador, absorbenteCareful = Cuidadoso Enjoyable = Agradable, deleitableComical = Cómico Entertaining = EntretenidoCrazy = Loco Enviable = EnvidiableCreative = Creativo Envious = EnvidiosoCrafty = Astuto, mañoso Essential = EsencialCredible = Creíble Euphoric = EufóricoCute = Simpático Evident = EvidenteCharming = Encantador Excellent = ExcelenteDerogative = Despreciativo Friendly = AmigableDesirable = Deseable Foamy = EspumosoDesolate = Desolado Foggy = NeblinosoDelicious = Delicioso Graduated = GraduadoDesperate = Desesperado Glaring = DeslumbranteDespicable = Despreciable Golden = DoradoDespiteful = Vengativo Graceful = Gracioso

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Gray-headed = Canoso Outstanding = SobresalienteGrimy = Mugriento Overbearing = AltaneroGrumpy = Gruñón Proud = OrgullosoGuilty = Culpable Patient = PacienteGuiltless = Inocente Pregnant = EmbarazadaHandsome = Guapo Pretty = HermosoHonest = Honesto Rich = Millonario, ricoHungry = Hambriento Reliable = ConfiableKind = Tipo,agradable Safe = A salvoLoyal = Leal Sleepy = Con sueñoLonely = Solitario, solo Shy = TímidoLoose = Flojo, suelto Selfish = EgoístaMain = Principal Sociable = SociableNervous = Nervioso Serious = SerioNative = Nativo Thirsty = SedientoNaughty = Desobediente Wet = MojadoNice = Agradable, bonito Worried = PreocupadoOld-fashioned = Anticuado Wonderful = MaravillosoOutright = Sincero, franco Wrinkly = Arrugado

Windy = Ventoso


75

Contrastive Adjectives

New = Nuevo Old = Viejo Big = Grande Small = Pequeño Succesful = Exitoso Unsuccesful = Sin éxitoWide = Ancho, amplio Narrow = AngostoFat = Gordo Thin = Flaco, DelgadoExciting = Emocionante Boring = AburridoLong = Largo Short = CortoSad = Triste Happy = Alegre, felizFull = Lleno Empty = VacíoHeavy = Pesado Light = Liviano Cold = Frío Hot = CalienteClean = Limpio Dirty = SucioFast = Rápido Slow = Lento, despacioStrong = Fuerte Weak = DébilCalm = Calmado Angry = EnojadoHard = Duro Soft = SuaveYoung = Joven Old = ViejoWet = Mojado Dry = SecoBeautiful = Hermoso Ugly = Feo, horribleEasy = Fácil, tranquilo Difficult = DifícilAvailable = Disponible Busy = OcupadoLucky = Afortunado Unlucky = DesafortunadoEarly = Temprano Late = TardeIntelligent = Inteligente Foolish = TontoGood = Bueno Bad = MaloTall = Alto Short = PequeñoOpen = Abierto Closed = CerradoRouge = Áspero Smooth = Liso

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Expensive = Costoso Cheap = BaratoPresent = Presente Past = PasadoDelicious = Delicioso Nasty = AsquerosoTight = Apretado Loose = Flojo, sueltoBlack = Negro White = BlancoFair = Justo Unfair = InjustoFirst = Primero Last = ÚltimoSweet = Dulce Sour = AgrioPresent = Presente Absent = AusenteCool = Fresco Warm = CalienteStraight = Recto Crooked = TorcidoThick = Grueso Thin = DelgadoHigh = Alto Low = BajoDeep = Profundo Shallow = Poco profundoLoud = Bullicioso Quiet = Callado Neat = Nítido Messy = DesarregladoComfortable = Cómodo Uncomfortable = IncómodoHealthful = Saludable Sick = EnfermoMarried = Casado Single = SolteroCorrect = Correcto Wrong = Equivocado


77

Adverbs of Place

At(in) the movies = En el cine At the market = En el mercadoAt the theater = En el teatro At the museum = En el museoAt the supermarket = En el supermercado At school = En la escuelaAt the shop-store = En la tienda At the terrace = En la terrazaAt the Elementary school = En la escuela At the High school = En el colegioAt the University = En la Universidad At the library = En la bibliotecaAt the bookstore = En la librería At the faculty = En la facultadAt the doctor’s office = En el consultorio At the Congress = En el congresoAt the warehouse = En la bodega At the Airport = En el AeropuertoAt the Municipality = En el municipio At the Port = En el PuertoAt the Train Station = En la estación de tren In the garage = En el garajeAt the Electric company = En la empresa eléctrica At the lake = En el lagoIn the basement = En el sótano At the road = En la carreteraIn the corner = En la esquina At the disco = En la discotecaAt the concert = En el concierto At the bar = En el barAt the laboratory = En el laboratorio At the cemetery = En el cementerioAt the parking = En el parqueadero At the office = En la oficinaAt the printing = En la imprenta At the building = en el edificioAt the park = En el parque At the enterprise = En la empresaAt the laundry = En la lavandería At the factory = En la fábricaAt the workshop = En el taller At the bakery = En la panaderíaAt the shoestore = En la zapatería At the coliseum = En el coliseoAt the repairshop = En el taller de reparación At the stadium = En el estadioAt the apartment = En el apartamento At the hotel = En el hotel At the restaurant = En el restaurante At the chapel = En la capillaAt the barbershop = En la barbería At the church = En la iglesiaAt the jail = En la cárcel In the garden = En el jardínIn the Army = En el Ejército In the Navy = En la MarinaAt the bay = En la bahía At the beach = En la playaAt the police station = En la estación de policía At the gallery = En la galería

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In the living-room = En la sala In the Dining-room = En el comedorIn the bed-room = En el dormitorio In the kitchen = En la cocinaIn the study-room = En el cuarto de studio At the gym = En el gimnasioIn the bath-room = En el baño At the bank = En el bancoAt the hospital = En el hospital At the clinic = En la clínicaAt the gas station = En la gasolinería At the border = En la fronteraAt the country = En el campo At home = En casaAt the Kindergarden = En el jardín At the grugstore = En la farmaciaAt the post-office = En el correo At the cafeteria = En la cafeteríaAt the jewelry-shop = En la joyeríaAt the Ministry of Health = En el Ministerio de SaludAt the studies office = En la Dirección de estudiosAt the Social Security = En el Seguro Social

Adverbs of Time In Present Tense

In the morning = En la mañana In the afternoon = En la tardeIn the evening = En la noche At night = En la nocheTonight = Esta noche Today = HoyRight now = Ahora (ya) Now = AhoraEvery moment = En todo momento Every day = Todos los díasEvery week = Todas las semanas Every month = Todos los mesesEvery year = Todos los años This year = Este año

Adverbs of Time In Past Tense

Yesterday morning = Ayer de mañana Yesterday = AyerYesterday noon = Ayer por la tarde Last night = AnocheLast week = La semana pasada Last month = El mes pasadoLast year = El año pasado Last Friday = El viernes pasado


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Last January = Enero pasado Ten minutes ago = Hace 10 minutosFour hours ago = Hace 4 horas Four days ago = Hace 4 díasFour weeks ago = Hace 4 semanas Four years ago = Hace 4 años

Adverbs of Time In Future Tense

Tomorrow night = Mañana de noche Tomorrow = MañanaNext Monday = El próximo Lunes Next week = La próxima semanaNext year = El próximo año Next 2008 = El próximo 2008

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List of Irregular Verbs

Present Past Past participle Meaningbe was-were been ser-estarbegin began begun empezar bite bit bitten morderbreak broke broken romperbuild built built construirbuy bought bought comprarbring brought brought traer choose chose chosen escogercome came come venircut cut cut cortardo did done hacerdraw drew drawn dibujardrink drank drunk beberdrive drove driven conducireat ate eaten comerfeel felt felt sentirfind found found encontrarfly flew flown volarforget forgot forgotten olvidarget got gotten obtenergive gave given dargo went gone irhang hung hung colgarhave had had tenerhide hid hidden esconderhit hit hit golpearhold held held sostenerkeep kept kept mantener


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know knew known conocerleave left left abandonarmake made made hacermeet met met conocerput put put ponerread read read leerring rang rung timbrarrun ran run corrersay said said decirsee saw seen versell sold sold vendersend sent sent enviarshine shone shone brillarsing sang sung cantarsleep slept slept dormirspeak spoke spoken hablarspend spent spent gastartake took taken cogerteach taught taught enseñarthink thought thought pensarthrow threw thrown lanzarunderstand understood understood entenderwear wore worn usar (ropa)win won won ganarwrite wrote written escribir

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List of Regular Verbs

Present + “Ed”

act – ed = actuar laugh – ed = sonreíranswer – ed = responder lie – d = mentirattend – ed = atender love – d = amararrive – d = llegar live – d = vivirask – ed = preguntar like – d = gustaradd – ed = aumentar mix – ed = mezclarbox – ed = encajonar move – d = moverbelieve – d = creer need – ed = necesitarbless – ed = bendecir name – d = nombrarbake – d = hornear open – ed = abrirborrow – ed = prestar practice – d = practicarcount – ed = contar present – ed = presentarcry – cried = llorar pronounce – d = pronunciarclose – d = cerrar push – ed = empujarcopy – copied = copiar pray – ed = ezarcall – ed = llamar play – ed = jugardress – ed = vestir repeat – ed = repetirdry – dried = secar rested = descansardefend – ed = defender rain – ed = lloverdescribe – d = describir rob – ed = robardemand – ed = demandar study – studied = estudiardream – ed = soñar start – ed = comenzardie – d = morir sail – ed = navegardance – d = bailar solve – d = resolverenjoy – ed = disfrutar tie – d = ajustarexplain – ed = explicar talk – ed = hablarfill – ed = llenar try – tried = intentarhelp – ed = ayudar visit – ed = visitarinvite – d = invitar want – ed = quererinundate – d = inundar watch – ed = ver/mirarjudge – d = juzgar walk – ed = caminarjump – ed = saltar wait – ed = esperarlisten – ed = escuchar work – ed = trabajarlearn – ed = aprender wish – ed = desearlook – ed = mirar wash – ed = lavar

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VoCABuLARY

The Classroom

School = Escuela Student = Estudiante Board = PizarrónEraser = Borrador Marker = Marcador Bench = PupitreTable = Mesa Desk = Escritorio Chair = SillaClock = Reloj (pared) Calendar = Calendario Door = PuertaWindow = Ventana Wall = Pared Picture = CuadroMap = Mapa Sheets = Hojas Paper = PapelPencil = Lápiz Pen = Esfero Ruler = ReglaCrayons = Colores Glue = Goma Book = LibroBooklet = Folleto Copybook = Cuaderno Bag = MochilaCalculator machine = Calculadora Correction fluid = Corrector Bell = CampanaStapler = Grapadora Teacher = Profesor

The Colors

White = Blanco Black = Negro Red = RojoPink = Rosado Orange = Naranja Yellow = AmarilloCream = Crema Blue = Azul Purple = PúrpuraGray = Gris Brown = Café Green = Verde

The Family

Father (dad) = Padre Mother (mom) = Madre Parents = PadresGrandfather = Abuelo Grandmother = Abuela Grandparents = AbuelosHusband = Esposo Wife = Esposa Brother = HermanoSister = Hermana Daughter = Hija Son = Hijo

English BookLevel I

84

Relatives = Parientes Uncle = Tío Aunt = TíaNephew = Sobrino Niece = Sobrina Cousin = Primo(a)Stepfather = Padrastro Stepmother = Madrastra Stepparents = PadrastrosStepson = Hijastro Stepdaughter = Hijastra Stepchildren = HijastrosBrother in law = Cuñado Sister in law = Cuñada Father in law = SuegroMother in law = Suegra Parents in law = Suegros Son in law = YernoDaughter in law = Nuera Godfather = Padrino Godmother =MadrinaGodparents = Padrinos Granddaughter = Nieta Grandson = NietoGrandchildren = Nietos First cousin = Primo hermano Widow = ViudaWidower = Viudo Groom = Novio Bride = Novia

Fruits

Apples = Manzanas Oranges = Naranjas Grapes = UvasBananas = Plátanos Peaches = Duraznos Strawberries = FrutillasLemon = Limón Pineapple = Piña Coconut = CocoPeanut = Maní Nuts = Nueces Avocado = AguacatePapaya = Papaya Mango = Mango Lime = Lima Plum = Claudia Grapefruit = Toronja Watermelon = SandíaCherry = Cereza Currant = Grosella Pears = Peras

Transportations

Car = Carro Truck = Camión Motorcycle = MotoBicycle / Bike = Bicicleta Boat = Bote Ship = BarcoTrain = Tren Airplane = Avión Bus = ColectivoHelicopter = Helicóptero Tricycle = Triciclo Scooter = Motoneta


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Clothing

Suit = Traje / Terno Overcoat = Abrigo Necktie = CorbataGloves = Guantes Shirt = Camisa T-Shirt = CamisetaSweat-shirt = Buzo Sweat-suit = Calentador Socks = MediasShoes = Zapatos Stockings = Medias de mujer Cap = GorraHat = Sombrero Pantyhose = Medias pantalón Blouse = BlusaScarf = Bufanda Jacket = Chompa/chaqueta Pants = PantalonesSkirt = Falda Handkerchief = Pañuelo Sweater = Suéter Blazer = Leva Briefcase = Portafolio Purse = Cartera Boots = Botas Underwear - Ropa interior Umbrella = SombrillaHalf slip = Enagua Bathing-suit = Terno de Baño Brassiere = SosténSlipper = Pantuflas Full-slip = Bata de mujer Pajamas = PijamaBelt = Correa Nightgown = Salida de mujer Glasses = LentesSun-glasses = Gafas Ring = Anillo Earring = AreteChain = Cadena Bracelet = Brazalete Wallet = Billetera

The House

TheLiving Room

Ceiling = Tumbado Fireplace = Chimenea Fire = FuegoLog = Leña Rug = Rodapiés Carpet = AlfombraCoffee table = Mesa para café Teapot = Tetera Sofa = SillónRemote control = Control remoto Cushions = Cojines Plant = Planta Paper basket = Basurero Curtains = Cortinas Shelves = EstanteríasArmchair = Butaca Magazines = Revistas Paintings = CuadrosNewspaper = Periódico Fish tank = Pecera Ashtray = Cenicero

English BookLevel I

86

The Dining-Romm

Mirror = Espejo Wall = Pared Candle = VelaNapkin = Servilleta Table cloth = Mantel Plate = PlatoKnife = Cuchillo Spoon = Cuchara Fork = TenedorBowl = Sopera Glass = Vaso Salt = SalPepper = Pimienta Vase = Florero Jug = JarraCoffee-pot = Tetera Lampshade = Pantalla Clock = Reloj (pared)

The Bed-Room

Bed = Cama Dressing table = Peinadora Sheets = SábanasBlanket = Cobija Bedspread = Cubrecama Pillow = AlmohadaLight = Luz Pillowcase = Funda (almohada) Hanger = ArmadorLamp table = Velador Hairbrush = Cepillo de pelo Hair-dryer = SecadorCloset = Armario Alarm clock = Despertador Bookcase = LibreroPicture = Cuadro Headboard = Espaldar (cama) Chest of drawers = CómodaBox of tissues = Caja de pañuelos desechables

The Bath-Room

Tile = Baldosa Bath-room cabinet = Botiquín Toothpaste = Pasta dentalSoap = Jabón Toothbrush = Cepillo dental Nailbrush = Cepillo de uñasWashbowl = Lavabo Deodorant = Desodorante Sponge = EsponjaToilet = Inodoro Fawcett = Llave de agua Bathtub = Tina de bañoShade = Persianas Alter shave lotion = Loción Razor = RazuradoraComb = Peinilla Toilet paper = Papel higiénico Shampoo = Champú Towel = Toalla Razor blade = Hoja de afeitar Perfume = PerfumeShaving cream = Crema de afeitar Shower = DuchaLaundry basket = Canasta para la ropa sucia Plug = Tapa (lavabo)


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The Kitchen

Stove = Cocina (aparato) Refrigerador = Refrigeradora Strainer = CernidorMixer = Batidora Mixing bowl = Tazón de la batidora Toaster = TostadoraCasserole = Caserola Cookbook = Libro de recetas Frying pan = SarténScouring pad = Limpión Rolling pin = Rodillo Blender = BatidoraFlour = Harina Cutting board = Tabla para cortar Rice = ArrozFreezer = Congelador Can opener = Abre latas Butter = MantequillaKettle = Cafetera Microwave = Microondas Sugar = AzúcarPot = Cacerola Bread = Pan Shelf = RepisaCereal = Cereal Burner = Hornilla Sink = LavaderoCoffee = Café Oven = HornoDishwashing liquids = Líquido para platosFood processor = Procesador de comidaPots and Pans = Utensilios de cocina

The Garden

Tree = Árbol Back-yard = Patio trasero Broom = EscobaGrass = Césped/ hierba Spade = Pala Scissors = TijerasRake = Rastrillo Trowel = Pala pequeña Bench = BancaWatering can = Regadera Garbage can = Tacho de basura Bush = ArbustoHose = Manguera Barbecue = Parrillada Swing = ColumpioFence = Cerramiento Wheelbarrow = Carretilla Knife = CuchilloGrass mower / Lawn mower = Cortador de césped Flower pot = MaceteroSprinkle-system = Sistema de regadío de aguaBird feeder = Comedero de pájaros

English BookLevel I

88

Professions (Carrers)

Artist = Artista Assistant = AsistenteArchitect = Arquitecto Actor = ActorActress = Actriz Adviser = AsesorAdministrator = Administrador Accountant = ContadorAccounting = Contabilidad Auditor = AuditorAuditorship = Auditoría Agricultural Expert = Ingeniero AgrónomoAgronomy = Agronomía Anesthetist = AnestesistaBullfighter = Torero Baker = PanaderoBellboy = Botones Barman = CantineroBarmaid = Cantinera Bodyguard = GuardaespaldaBusiness = Comercio / Negocio Businessman = Comerciante (Hombre)Blacksmith = Herrero Businesswoman = Comerciante (Mujer)Cook = Cocinero Cameraman = CamarógrafoCouncilman = Concejal Clown = PayasoCashier = Cajero Commentator = ComentadorCarpenter = Carpintero Cellarer = BodegueroCattleman = Ganadero Creditor = AcreedorCraftsman = Artesano Cattle Science = Ciencias PecuariasCardiologist = Cardiólogo Clinical Psychologist = Psicólogo ClínicoCardiology = Cardiología Clinical Psychology = Psicología ClínicaChef = Jefe De Cocina Driver = Conductor / ChoferDressmaker = Costurera Director = DirectorDentist = Dentista Dealer = OperadorDoctor = Doctor Dietician = Medico diéteticoDiplomatic = Diplomático Debtor = DeudorEngineering = Ingeniería Engineer In Systems = Ingeniero En SistemasEngineer = Ingeniero Engineering In Systems = Ingeniería En SistemasElectrician = Electricista Electronics = ElectrónicaEconomist = Economista Ecoturism = EcoturismoEndocrinologist = Endocrinólogo Endocrinology = Endocrinología


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Fireman = Bombero Fisherman = PescadorFarmer = Agricultor / Granjero Financial Adviser = Asesor financieroForest Agriculture = Agro Forestal Finances And Banking = Banca y finanzasForeign = Comercio Exterior Forest Engineering = Ingeniería forestalGovernor = Gobernador Graphic Designer = Diseñador gráficoGraphic Design = Diseño gráfico Gastronomy = GastronomíaGastronomist = Gastrónomo Gastroenterologist = GastroenterólogoHairdresser = Peluquero Gastroenterology = GastroenterologíaHunter = Cazador Health Education = Educación Para La SaludInvestor = Inversionista Industrial Maintenance = Mantenimiento IndustrialJournalist = Periodista Internal Medicine = Medicina InternaJeweler = Joyero Lawyer = AbogadoLender = Prestamista Language Therapist = Terapeuta de lenguajeManager = Gerente Language Therapy = Terapia de lenguajeMilitary = Militar Musician = MúsicoMechanic = Mecánico Magician = MagoMason = Albañil Mayor = AlcaldeMine Operator = Minero Medicine = MedicinaMaintenance = Mantenimiento Mechanical Engineering = Ingeniería MecánicaNun = Monja Masseur = Kinesiterapeuta / KinesiólogoNurse = Enfermera Nutrition and Dietetic = Nutricion y dietéticaNeurologist = Neurólogo Natural Resources = Recursos NaturalesNeurology = Neurología Neuropath = NeurópataNeuropathy = Neuropatía Odontologist = OdontólogoOphthalmologist = Oftalmólogo Ophthalmology = OftalmologíaPresident = Presidente Policeman = Policía (Hombre)Policewoman = Policía (Mujer) Painter = PintorPriest = Sacerdote / Cura Photographer = FotógrafoPlumber = Plomero Partner = SocioPianist = Pianista Police Commissioner = IntendentePilot = Piloto Public Health = Salud Pública

English BookLevel I

90

Paediatrician = Pediatra Paediatrics = PediatriaPlastic Surgeon = Cirujano plástico Radio Broadcasting = RadiodifusorReporter = Reportero Referee = ÁrbitroResearcher = Investigador Representative = DiputadoRadiologist = Radiólogo Radiology = RadiologíaSecretary = Secretario Salesclerk = Vendedor / tenderoSailor = Marinero Submanager = SubgerenteStatistical = Estadística Propelled Mechanics = Mecánica automotrizScientist = Científico Seller = VendedorSinger = Cantante Shoemaker = ZapateroShepherd = Pastor Tailor = SastreTechnician = Técnico Touring Guide = Guía turísticoTrainer = Entrenador Teacher = ProfesorTaxi-Driver = Taxista Trash Collector = Persona que recoge la basuraTopographer = Topógrafo Topography = TopografíaTraumatologist = Traumatólogo Traumatology = TraumatologíaUrologist = Urólogo Urology = UrologíaWorker = Trabajador Welder = SoldadorWriter = Escritor Waiter = Camarero / mozoWaitress = Camarera Zootechnist = ZootecnistaZootechny = Zootecnia

The Human Body

Head = Cabeza Hair = Pelo Ears = OrejasJaw = Mandíbula Neck = Cuello Shoulders = HombrosArm = Brazo Elbow = Codo Back = EspaldaFist = Puño Bottom = Nalgas Legs = PiernasFoot = Pie Toe = Dedo del pie Heel = TalónAnkle = Tobillo Nail = Uña Knee = RodillaHand = Mano Finger = Dedo Thumb = Pulgar


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Instep = Empeine Calf = Pantorrilla Palm = PalmaWrist = Muñeca Waist = Cintura Stomach = EstómagoChest = Pecho Throat = Garganta Chin = QuijadaMouth = Boca Cheek = Mejilla Face = Rostro / CaraForehead = Frente Tongue = Lengua Nose = NarizMoustache = Bigote Eyes = Ojos Lips = LabiosBeard = Barba Eyelashes = Pestañas Eyebrows = CejasEyelid = Párpado Pupil = Pupila Iris = Iris

Internal organs

Wind pipe = Tráquea Lungs = Pulmones Heart = CorazónGall-bladder = Vesícula Liver = Hígado Kidneys = RiñonesStomach = Estómago Intestines = Intestinos

Skeleton

Skull = Calavera Breastbone = Esternón Rib = CostillaSpine / Backbone = Espinazo Pelvis = Pelvis Kneecap = Rótula

Animals

Cow = Vaca Calf = Ternero Bull = ToroGoat = Chivo Sheep = Oveja Lamb = CorderoDonkey = Burro Horse = Caballo Pony = PoniCat = Gato Kitten = Gatito Dog = PerroPuppy = Perrito Rabbit = Conejo Deer = VenadoWolf = Lobo Bear = Oso Polar bear = Oso polarPanda = Panda Kangaroo = Canguro Camel = Camello

English BookLevel I

92

Llama = Llama Monkey = Mono Gorilla = GorilaZebra = Cebra Lion = León Tigre = TigreLeopard = Leopardo Buffalo = Búfalo Giraffe = GirafaRhinoceros = Rinoceronte Hippopotamus = Hipopótamo Elephant = ElefanteDolphin = Delfín Fox = Zorro Seal = FocaSquirrel = Ardilla Bat = Murciélago Mouse = Ratón

Fish and Reptiles

Fish = Pescado Shark = Tiburón Turtle = TortugaSnake = Culebra Lizard = Iguana Crocodile = CocodriloLobster = Langosta Shrimp = Camarón Crab = Cangrejo

Insects and other Animals

Butterfly = Mariposa Fly = Mosca Mosquito = ZancudoBee = Abeja Spider = Araña Beetle = EscarabajoLadybug = Mariquita Ant = Hormiga Cockroach = CucarachaGrasshopper = Saltamontes Cricket = Grillo Worm = LombrizSlug = Babosa Snail = Caracol Frog = Sapo / rana

Birds

Chicken = Pollo Hen = Gallina Chick = PollitoRooster = Gallo Beak = Pico Feathers = PlumasHawk = Halcón Turkey = Pavo Crow = CuervoOwl = Búho / Lechuza Nest = Nido Pigeon = PichónSparrow = Gorrión Hummingbird = Picaflor Wings = AlasCanary = Canario Parrot = Loro Parakeet = Perico


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Swallow = Golondrina Penguin = Pingüino Flamingo = FlamingoOstrich = Avestruz Duck = Pato Goose = Ganzo

Sports

Basketball = Baloncesto Tennis = Tenis Volleyball = VolleySwimming = Natación Soccer = Balompié Surfing = Surfing (tabla)Football = Fútbol americano Baseball = Baseball Scuba-divings = BuceoIce-skating = Patinaje sobre hielo Rugby = Rugby Hockey = HockeyWater skiing = Esquí en el agua Squash = Squash Snooker = BillaWindsurfing = Surfing de viento Box = Boxeo Bowling = BolosPing-pong = Tenis de mesa Golf = Golf Wrestling = LuchaAuto-racing = Carrera de carros Judo = Judo Karate = KarateGymnastics = Gimnasia Cycling = Ciclismo Jogging = TroteHorse-racing = Hípica Boating = Remo Fishing = PescaField and Track = Atletismo Shooting = Tiro Hiking = Caminata

Food, Eating and Drinks

The meal = Comida Frankfurters = Salchichas Meat = CarneHot-dog = Perro caliente The cook = Cocinero To cook = CocinarLamb = Cordero Steak = Bistec Beef = Carne de resTurkey = Pavo Chicken = Pollo Pork = Carne de puercoButter = Mantequilla Chop = Chuleta Ham = JamónEgg = Huevo Bacon = Tocino Fried = FritoFruits = Frutas Sugar = Azúcar Desserts = PostresSalad = Ensaladas Jelly = Gelatina Pie = PastelBread = Pan Rolls = Panecillos Cheese = QuesoSoup = Sopa Peas = Guisantes Potatoes = PapasWater = Agua Juice = Jugo Coffee = Café

English BookLevel I

94

Chocolate = Chocolate Tea = Té Lemon = LimónBeer = Cerveza Wine = Vino Milk = LecheSoda = Cola Rum = Ron Limonade = Limonada

Traveling by Plane, Train and Boat

Trip = Paseo, viaje Station = Estación Stop = ParadaLuggage = Equipaje Ticket = Boleto Trunk = BaúlPlatform = Andén Seat = Asiento Overweight = Exceso de equipajeTime table = Horario Agency = Agencia Fare = Precio del boletBus = Autobús Streetcar = Tranvía Track = Vía (de ferrocarril)Crew = Tripulación Berth = Litera Subway = SubterráneoDeck = Cubierta Liner = Vapor, buque Porter = Mozo de equipajeCrossing = Travesía Gangway = Pasarela Cabin = Camarote Seasickness = Mareo Airport = Aeropuerto Pilot = PilotoTake off = Despegue Landing = Aterrizaje Flight = VueloSuitcase = Maleta To travel = Viajar Landscape = PaisajeCountryside = Campo Scenic = Pintoresco Lake = LagoOcean = Océano Shore = Costa Hill = ColinaRiver = Río Woods = Bosque Briefcase = Portafolio Valley = Valle Height = Altura Clever = IngeniosoHeavy = Pesado

At The Hotel

Lounge = Salón Manager = Gerente Lobby = Salón de entradaBell boy = Botones Maid = Camarero Room clerk = EncargadoTip = Propina View = Vista Laundry = LavanderíaTo iron = Planchar Confortable = Cómodo Single room = Cuarto individualPillows = Almohadas Bed sheets = Sábanas Double bed = Cama de matrimonio


95

Blanket = Cobija Telephone = Teléfono Twin bed = Cama gemelaCoin = Moneda Operator = Telefonista Dressing room = TocadorDirectory = Guía To cut off = Cortar Dry cleaning = Lavado en secoTo dial = Marcar To call = Llamar Telephone booth = Cabina telefónicaHarbor = Puerto Check = Cheque Skyscraper = RascacieloEndorse = Endosar To warn = Advertir Cash = Dinero en efectivoAnxious = Ansioso To imagine = Imaginar Monument = MonumentoConvention = ConvenciónBath robe = Bata de baño

At The Restaurant

Menu = Menú Salt = Sal Mustard = MostazaVinegar = Vinagre Oil = Aceite Lobster = LangostaShrimp = Camarón Oyster = Ostra, ostión Napkin = ServilletaBroiled = Asado Rare = Poco cocido Well done = Bien cocidoTomato = Tomate Pepper = Pimienta Sauce = SalsaKetchup = Salsa de tomate Waiter = Mozo To order = OrdenarAppetizer = Aperitivo Mayonnaise = Mayonesa Omelet = Tortilla de huevoMushroom = Hongo Table cloth = Mantel Tip = PropinaSorrounding = Ambiente Couple = Pareja Corner = EsquinaStraight = Directo The bill = La cuenta Candles = Velas

At The Bank

Current Exchange rate = Tipo de cambio Teller = Cobrador, pagadorTo Withdraw = Retirar Check book = ChequeraTraveler’s check = Cheque de viajero Withdraw slip = Vale de cajaTo deposit = Depositar Amount = Suma, cantidad

English BookLevel I

96

To cash = Cambiar, cobrar Draft = Giro bancarioTo exchange = Cambiar Savings = AhorrosAccount = Cuenta Savings Account = Cuenta corrienteChecking Account = Cuenta corriente Bank draft = Letra de cambioCertified check = Cheque certificado Credit card = Tarjeta de créditoSecurity guard = Guardia de seguridad To make line = Hacer colaTo save = Ahorrar Worth = Valor

At The Post office

General delivery = Entrega general Money order = Giro postalSpecial delivery = Entrega inmediata Bulletin board = Tablero de noticiasStamps = Sellos Sender = ExpedidorPostcard = Tarjeta postal Postage = Porte postalPackage = Paquete Rate = TarifaAirmail = Correo To register = CertificarTo insure = Asegurar Receipt = ReciboMailman = Cartero Mailbox = BuzónTelegram = Telegrama To wire = TelegrafiarAt least = Por lo menos At least = Por lo menosAnyway = De cualquier manera Waste = Gastar, desperdicio

At The Doctor’s / At The Dentist’s

Thermometer = Termómetro Examination = ExamenTo prescribe = Recetar Blood pressure = Presión arterialConstipation = Estreñimiento Prescription = RecetaOffice hours = Horas de oficina Specialist = EspecialistaTo infect = Infectar Contagious = ContagiosoAnesthesia = Anestesia Novocain = Novocaína


97

Anemic = Anémico Ache = DolorPain = Dolor Bill = Factura de honorariosDrug = Droga Staff neck = TortícolisCough = Tos To sneeze = EstornudarInflamed = Inflamado Pulse = PulsoDose = Dosis Pill = PíldoraNurse = Enfermera Medicine = MedicinaCapsule = Cápsula Drugstore = FarmaciaPenecillin = Penicilina Antibiotic = AntibióticoFever = Fiebre Ether= Éter Filling = Empaste Nerve = NervioTo drill = Fresar Condition = CondiciónCavity = Cavidad To extract = Extraer To run out of = Acabarse Since = DesdeTemporary = Provisional Within = Dentro deWeak = Débil Strong = FuerteSlightly = Ligeramente

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BIBLIoGRAPHY

Ann Arbor. (1971). English Sentence Structure. Michigan: University of Michigan Press ELT.

Dixson, Robert J. (s / f.). Graded Exercises in English. Recuperado 4 de agosto de 2015, a partir de http://www.estantevirtual.com.br/b/rob-ert-j-dixson/graded-exercises-in-english/439701494

Gross, R. G. P. (Ed.). (1985). Diccionario moderno Larousse Grolier, In-gles-Español. Coyoacán, México: Editorial Cumbre.

Regents English Workbook 1 Beginning, New Edition. (1995) (2 edición). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Pearson ESL.

Santos, M. Dos. (1996). Goal International Edition Level 1 Student Book. Nueva York: McGraw-Hill.

Taylor, J. (1991). Oxford Photo Dictionary: Monolingual Edition (Paper-back): Practice Exercises for Classroom Use or Self-study. Oxford: OUP Oxford.

Werner, P. K., Nelson, J. P., & Spaventa, M. (1993). Interactions access: A communicative grammar. McGraw-Hill.

Documents

English Book - ESPOCHcongresos.espoch.edu.ec/files/libros/ESPOCH_Level_I 2.pdf · English Book Level I 12 4.2. Simple Present Tense of “Do Verbs” The simple present tense points