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8/13/2019 English Adverbial Clauses
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Unit 5. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
A. TYPES OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
1. Time Clause
2. Place Clause
3. Manner, Distance, and Frequency Clauses
4. Reason Clauses
5. Result Clauses
6. Purpose Clauses
7. Concession Clauses
8. Contrast Clauses
B. PRACTICE
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Types Subordinators Examples
1.
TIME
WHEN, WHENEVER,
WHILE, AS SOON AS,
AFTER, SINCE, AS,
BEFORE, UNTIL
As she grew o ldershe gained in confidence.
She had been worrying ever sinc e the letter
arr ived.
You can ask for help whenever yo u n eed i t .Unt i l she spoke I hadnt realized she wasnt
English.
2.
PLACE
WHERE, ANYWHERE,
WHEREVER,
EVERYWHERE
Wherever she goes, there are crowds of people
waiting to see her.
Her cat followed her everywhere she went .
Where people were con cerned, his thresholdof boredom was low.
3.
DISTANCE/
FREQUENCY
MANNER
AS + ADVERB + AS
AS, AS IF, AS
THOUGH
Its not as hard as I thoug ht.
He behaved as i f nothing had happened.
4.
REASON
BECAUSE, AS, SINCE We thought that, sin ce we were in the area,wed
stop by and see them.
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5.
RESULT
SO + ADJECTIVE +
THAT
SO + ADVERB + THAT
SUCH A(N) + NOUN
PHRASE + THAT
SO + MUCH/ MANY/
FEW/ LITTLE + NOUN
PHRASE + THAT
She spoke so quietl y(that) I could hardly
hear her.
6.
PURPOSE
SO THAT, IN ORDER
THATAll those concerned must work together in
order that agreement can be reached on
this issue.
7.
CONCESSION/
Unexpected
Result
ALTHOUGH, EVEN
THOUGH, THOUGHI like her, even though she can be annoying
at times.
8.
CONTRAST/
Direct Opposition
WHILE, WHEREAS Some of the studies show positive results,
whereas others do not.
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1. Time Clausewhen, whenever, while, as soon as, after, since, as, before, until
FINITE CLAUSES(verb is in particular tenses)
NON-FINITE CLAUSES(verb is not in particular tenses)
- Ing/ - ed/ prepositional/ adjective phrase
I often read a book when I am traveli ng by
train.
When the hospital is f in ished, it will be opened
by the Prime Minister.
When Youre in Paris,you should visit the
Louvre.
You should take exercise whenever it i s possible.
I often read a book when traveli ng by train.
When fi nished,the hospital will be opened by
the Prime Minister.
When in Paris,you should visit the Louvre.
You should take exercise whenever possible.
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2. Place Clausewhere, anywhere, wherever, everywhere
FINITE CLAUSES NON-FINITE CLAUSESEverywhere I went,people were angry or
suspicious.
In Bali, wherever you go,you come across
ceremonies.
He said he was happy where he was.
Every place we went,we saw a fast food
restaurant.
Help must be given wherever possible.
He follows meeverywhere interesting.
Tell me your troublewherever necessary.
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3. Manner, Distance, and Frequency Clausesas + adverb + as, as, as if, as though, like, as, much as, just as
FINITE CLAUSES NON-FINITE CLAUSESI don't know why he behaves as he does.
She treats him as though he was her own son.
She looks as if she was crying.
He drives as careful ly as hi s father.
They are endeavoring to disguise this factmuch
as the former President did.
You can get therejust as cheaply by air as by
train.
As if to remind him,the church clock struck
eleven.
He ran off to the house as if escaping.
He shook his head as though dazzled by his own
vision.
He shivered as though with cold.
One must row steadily onwards as if in tent on
ones business.
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4. Reason Clausesbecause, as, since, in case, just in case, inasmuch as, insofar as
He was a very unusual musician inasmuch as he was total ly deaf.
Youd better take the keys in case Im out.
You probably wont need to call - but take my number, just in case.
Seeing that hes been off sick all weekhes unlikely to come.
Now that you mention i t,she did seem to be in a strange mood.
I believed her - for surely she would not li e to me.
Just because I dont complain,people think Im satisfied.
She may need some help as shes new.
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5. Result Clausesso that, so + adjective + that
so + adverb + that
such a(n) + noun phrase + that
so + much/ many/ few/ little + noun phrase + that
She was sotired (that) she couldnt think straight.
Nothing more was heard from himso that we began to wonder if he was dead.
The library is such a big place that I couldn' t fi nd the book I need.
There is so muchnoise in the dormitory that I can' t study there.
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6. Purpose ClausesSO THAT, IN ORDER THAT, IN ORDER TO, SO AS TO, SO, TO
FINITE CLAUSES NON FINITE CLAUSES
All those concerned must work together in order
that agreement can be reached on this issue.
I bought six cows so that we should have milk tosell.
She worked hard so everythi ng would be ready in
time.
All those concerned must work together in order
to reach on thi s issue.
We went early so as to get good seats.
You have two legs so as to walk more, two ears
so as to hear more,two hands so as to work more,
but only one mouth so as to tal k lessand one
mouth so as not to poke it into other peoples
business.
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7. Concession ClausesALTHOUGH, EVEN THOUGH, THOUGH, WHILE, WHILST
FINITE CLAUSES NON FINITE CLAUSESIll get there, even i f I have to walk.
There are a lot of spelling mistakes, even so, its
quite a good essay.
Whil e I am wil li ng to help,I do not have much
time available.
Anne was fond of Tim, though he often annoyed
her.
Though she gave no sign,I was sure she had
seen me.
Strange though i t may sound,I was pleased it
was over.
His clothes, though old and worn,looked clean
and of good quality.
Though not very attractive physical ly,she
possessed a sense of humor
Despite working hard,I failed my exam.
I n spite of h is age,he still leads an active life.
They went swimming in spite of all the danger
signs.
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8. Contrast ClausesWHILE, WHEREAS
Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not.
While Toms very good at science,his brother is absolutely hopeless.
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