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English 11 Literary Terms
Archetypes=Type
Hero/Heroine
• The chief character in a work of literature.
Trickster
Faithful Companion
Outsider/Outcast
Rugged Individualist
Innocent
Villain
Caretaker
Earth Mother
Rebel
Misfit
English 11 Literary Terms
Dramatic Conventions
Stage Directions
• Written notes within plays which explain movements, gestures, and appearance of actors or actresses in a play
Soliloquy
• A character speaks directly to the audience (thinking aloud about motives, feelings, and decisions)
Monologue
•A single person speaking, with or without an audience
Aside
• A character speaks in such a way that some of the characters on stage do not hear what is said (while others do)
Verbal Irony
•When someone states one thing and means another
Situational Irony
• Contrast between what is expected to happen and what actually does happen
Ex. Someone who is loved commits suicide
Dramatic Irony
•When readers know more about the situation than the characters do
Catharsis
•Explains the effects of tragic drama on an audience
English 11 Literary Terms Cont.
Caricature
• A grotesque or foolish image of a character, achieved through the exaggeration of personality traits
Foil• A minor character introduced in
order to represent the abilities of a more significant character
(Ex.Millhouse serves as a foil to Bart Simpson.)
Tragedy
•Traces the career and downfall of an individual
Voice
•Clarifies the persona of the narrative
Figurative & Literal Language
•Figurative Language-an exaggeration
•Literal Language-literally true
Imagery
• All of the words which refer to the objects or qualities which appeal to the senses and feelings
Apostrophe
• A rhetorical (not requiring a response) term for a speech addresses to someone or something in the beginning of a poem or essay
Clue: When your parents ask, “Who do you think you are?” You are not supposed to respond.
Metonymy
• The substitution of the name of a thing by the name of an attribute of it,
(Ex.the “crown” =monarchy)
Synecdoche• A part is used to describe the
whole.
• Ex: all hands on deck=sailors
• All aboard=boarding a train
Language English 11 Literary Terms
Devices
Rhetorical Question
Not requiring a response
Tone
The manner or mood of a passage
Diction
• Choice of words in a piece of work; the kind of vocabulary that is used
i.e. Shakespearean language in a Shakespeare play
Slang is used in an Eminem movie
Dialect
• The style and manner of speaking from one particular area
(Ex.New Yorkers are from “New Yark”)
Sarcasm• An ironical statement intended to
hurt or insult
(ex. “Brilliant,” stated to a student who is clearly wrong.)
Elevated Language/Style
Satire
• Literature which represents something in a comical sense, making it appear ridiculous
Parallelism
• The building up of sentence or statement using repeated syntactic units (repeated words and sounds)
Colloquialism/Vernacular
• The use of the kinds of expression and grammar associated with ordinary, everyday speech rather than formal language
Ex. Cool, Phat!
Connotation/Denotation
• Connotation-emotional response evoked by a word
Ex. Kitten=soft, warm, cuddly
• Denotation-literal meaning
Ex. Kitten=young cat
Pun
•The use of a word in a way that plays on its different meanings.
Ex. “The hungry gorilla went ape.”
Irony
•Contrast between appearance and actuality
Stream of Consciousness
• Present the flow of a character’s seemingly unconnected thoughts, responses, and sensations.
English 11 Literary Terms
Literary Forms
Gothic
Grotesque characters, bizarre situations, and
violent events
Historical Fiction
•Fiction that is loosely based on some historical period
Proverb
• Short popular saying embodying a general truth
Ex. “Look before you leap”
Aphorism• A generally accepted
principle or truth expressed in a short, witty manner
Ex. “A rolling stone gathers no moss.”
Epigram• Originally an inscription on a
monument…now used to describe a witty saying or poem with a sharp, satiric, or amusing ending
Ex: “In God We Trust”
Tall Tale
• Humorous story characterized by exaggeration
• Ex: Jack and the Beanstalk
English 11 Literary Terms
Poetry
Rhyme
Similarity of sound between two words
Meter
• The repetition of a regular rhythmic unit in a line of poetry.
Foot•One stressed syllable indicated by a `•Two stressed syllables indicated by a
Iamb
•An unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable
Pentameter
•Five feet
Stress
•The accent is on a specific part of the word
Masculine Rhyme
•The accent is on a specific part of the word, and stressed in a deep voice.
Blank Verse
•A poem written in blank verse consists of unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter.
Free Verse
•Poetry that does not have regular patterns of rhyme and meter
Scansion• The process of determining
meter; when you scan a line of poetry, you mark its stressed and unstressed syllables to identify the rhythm
Inversion
•Departure from normal word order, common in poetry
Alliteration
A sequence of repeated consonantal sounds in a stretch of language
Example: Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door.” (from “The Raven” by Edgar Allen Poe)
Allusion
• A passing reference in a work of literature to something outside itself.
Example: “Speak to my gossip VENUS one fair word.”
Assonance• The correspondence, or near-
correspondence, in two words of the stressed vowel, and sometimes those which follow, but not of the consonants (unlike rhyme).
Example: Can and fat food and droop
Child and silence nation and traitor
Ballad
A poem or song which tells a story in simple, colloquial language.
Example: “O What is That Sound” by W. H. Auden
Feminine Rhyme
• A rhyme in which two differing sounds in two words are followed by stressed rhyming syllables and unstressed rhyming syllables
• Example: revival, survival, arrival
End Rhyme
Poetry that rhymes at the end of the line
Internal Rhyme
Poetry that rhymes in the middle of the line
Slant Rhyme
Words that sounds similar with a hint of a rhyme (inexact rhyme)
Example:
Refrain
Repeating a Stanza
Example: “Nevermore” from “The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe
Repetition
• Repeating of words or sounds in poetry
• Example: “May the warp be…/May the weft be…/May the border be…” (from the “Song of the Sky Loom,” a Navajo song)
Hyperbole