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INDUSTRY

The word industry covers a range of activities which may involvemaking, suppling or delivering goods and services to a number of people.

Industries can be classified on the basis of raw materials, size andownership:

Raw materials: industries may be agriculture based, marine based, mineralbased, forest based.

Size: It refers to the amount of capital invested, number of people employed

and the volume of production.

Ownership: Industries can be classified into private sector, state owned orpublic sector, joint sector and co-operative sector


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agriculture

marine


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mineral

forest


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Industry is divided into four sectors. They are:

Primary

This involves the extraction of resources directly from the earth, thisincludes farming, mining and logging. They do not process the products

at all. They send it off to factories to make a profit.

farming


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mining

logging


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Secondary

This group is involved in the processing products from primary industries.This includes all factoriesthose that refine metals, produce furniture, orpack farm products such as meat.

refine


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furniture

pack farm products


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Tertiary

This group is involved in the provision of services. They include teachers,managers and other service providers.

teachers

managers


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Quaternary

This group is involved in the research of science and technology. Theyinclude scientists.

science and technology


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Quinary Sector

Some consider there to be a branch of the quaternary sector called thequinary sector, which includes the highest levels of decision making in asociety or economy. This sector would include the top executives or officialsin such fields as government, science, universities, nonprofit, healthcare,

culture, and the media.

university

media


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Industrial development

The industrial revolution led to the development of factories for large-scale production, with consequent changes in society.


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Society

An industrial society can be defined in many ways. Today, industry isan important part of most societies and nations. A government must havesome kind of industrial policy, regulating industrial placement, industrial

pollution, financing and industrial labor.

industrial pollution

i d i l fi i


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industrial financing

industrial labor

I d t i l l b


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Industrial labour

In an industrial society, industry employs a major part of the population. Thisoccurs typically in the manufacturing sector. A labor union is an organizationof workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areassuch as wages, hours, and working conditions. This movement first rose

among industrial workers.

labor union


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ISIC

ISIC stands for International Standard Industrial Classification ofall economic activities, the most complete and systematic industrialclassification made by United Nations Statistics Division.

ISIC is a standard classification of economic activities arranged so thatentities can be classified according to the activity they carry out.

E l P l i d


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Example : Petroleum industry

Th t l i d t i l d th l b l f


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The petroleum industry includes the global processes ofexploration, extraction, refining, transporting, andmarketing petroleum products. The largest volume products of the industryare fuel, oil and gasoline (petrol). Petroleum (oil) is also the raw materialfor many chemical products, including pharmaceuticals, solvents, fertilizers,

pesticides, and plastics.

oil wells


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World oil reserves 2009


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World oil reserves, 2009


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Petrochimical industry in Romania


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Petrochimical industry in Romania

Romania was one of the largest producers of oil in World War II. The oilextracted from Romania was essential for the German war campaigns. Thepetrochemical industry near Ploieti was bombed heavily by American

bombers. After the war, a heavy reconstruction and expansion was doneunder the communist regime. Since then, most of the industry has beenprivatized.


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Documents

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