ENGINEERINGANDDESIGN AIRFIELD RIGID cdn. 1110-3-142 Airfield Rigid Pavement...ENGINEERINGANDDESIGN AIRFIELD RIGID PAVEMENT MOBILIZATION CONSTRUCTION ... AIRFIELD RIGID PAVEMENT

ENGINEER MANUAL

EM 1110-3-142April 1984

ENGINEERING AND DESIGN

AIRFIELD RIGID PAVEMENT

MOBILIZATION CONSTRUCTION

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYCORPS OF ENGINEERS

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

EM 1110-3-142U .S . Army Corps of Engineers

DAEN-ECE-G

Washington, D .C . 20314

Engineer ManualNo . 1110-.3-142

9 April 1984

Engineering and DesignAIRFIELD RIGID PAVEMENT

Mobilization Construction

1 .

Purpose .

This manual provides guidance for the design of Army airfieldrigid pavement at U .S . Army mobilization installations .

2 .

Applicability .

This manual is applicable to all field operatingactivities having mobilization construction responsibilities .

3 . Discussion . Criteria and standards presented herein apply to constructionconsidered crucial to a mobilization effort .

These requirements may bealtered when necessary to satisfy special conditions on the basis of goodengineering practice consistent with the nature of the construction . Designand construction of mobilization facilities must be completed within 180 daysfrom the date notice to proceed is given with the projected life expectancy offive years . Hence, rapid construction of . a facility should be reflected inits design .

Time-consuming methods and procedures, normally preferred overquicker methods for better quality, should be de-emphasized .

Lesser gradematerials should be substituted for higher grade materials when the lessergrade materials would provide satisfactory service and when use of highergrade materials would extend construction time .

Work items "not immediatelynecessary for the adequate functioning of the facility should be deferreduntil such time as they can be completed without delaying the mobilizationeffort .

FOR THE COMMANDER :

PAUL~VANAUGColo l, Corps of EngineersChief of Staff

Engineer ManualNo . 1110-3-142

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

EM 1110-3-142U . S . Army Corps of Engineers

Washington, D . C . 20314

9 April 1984

Engineering and DesignAIRFIELD RIGID PAVEMENT

Mobilization Construction

Paragraph Page

CHAPTER 1 . INTRODUCTION

Purpose and scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1-1General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 1-1Definitions and symbols . . . . . . . . 1-3 1-1Investigations preliminary topavement design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 1-5

Subgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5 1-5Base courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6 1-7Membrane-encapsulated soillayer (MESL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7 , 1-8

Soil stabilization ormodification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8 1-9Evaluation of foundationsupport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9 1-9

Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10 1-10Econocrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11 1-14

CHAPTER 2 . JOINTED CONCRETE (JC) PAVEMENTDESIGN

Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 2-1Thickness design curves . . . . . . . . 2-2 2-1Jointing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 2-1Special joints and junctures . . . 2-4 2-20

CHAPTER 3 . JOINTED REINFORCED CONCRETE (JRC)PAVEMENT DESIGN

Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 3-1Reduced thickness design . . . . . . . 3-2 3-1Reinforcement to control pave-ment cracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 3-4

JRC pavements in frost areas . . . 3-4 3-6Reinforcement steel . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5 3-7Jointing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 3-10

CHAPTER 4 . JOINTED FIBROUS CONCRETE (JFC)PAVEMENT DESIGN

Basis of design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4-1

CM 1'- -

142g

'Apr 04

CHAPTER 5 .

CHAPTER 6 .

APPENDIX A .

REFERENCES

A-1

LIST OF FIGURES

Paragraph

Figure l-l .

Types of rigid pavement .l-2 .

Approximate interrelationships of soil classificationand bearing values .

l-3 .

Effect o base or no6baae thickness on modulus of soil

10 .2-l .2-; .2-3,2-4 .

Pavement design curves for shoulders .

Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 4"lMix proportioningconsiderations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 4-1

Thickness determination . . . . . . . 4-4 4-2Allowable deflection for JFCpavement . . . .,^, . . . ., . . . ., . . . . . 4-5 4-2

Joiut6zg . . . . .,^ .^ ., . . . . .~^ . . .,, 4-6 4~l3

OVERLAY PAVEMENT DESIGN

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 5"lSite investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2 5-1Preparation of existingpavement . . . . ., . ., . . . . . . . ." . . . 5-3 5-l

Condition of existing rigidPavement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^,^,~^"^ 5-4 5~2

Rigid overlay of existing igidpavement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 5-4

Rigid overlay of existing,flexible or existing compositepavement . . . . . .,, .^ . . . . .^ .^ . ., . 5~6 5~7

Nonrigid overlay of existingrigid pavement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7 5-7

Overlays in frost regions . . . . . . 5-8 5-9

RIGID PAVEMENT INLAY DESIGN

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 6-1Rigid inlays in existingflexible pavement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6"2 6-1

Rigid inlays in existingrigid pavement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6"3 6-3

reaction .Composite omdolua o moil reaction .JC pavement design curves for Army ?lass I pavements .JC pavement design curves for Army Class II pavem8tt,.JC pavement design curves for Army Class III pavements,.

LIST OF TABLES

EM 1110-3-1429 Apr 84

Figure 2-5 .

JC pavement design curves for Air Force light-loadpavements .

2-6 .

JC pavement design curves for Air Force medium-loadpavements .

'

2-7 .

JC pavement design curves for Air Force heavy-loadpavements .

2-8 .

JC pavement design curves for Air Force short fieldpavements .

2-9 .

Contraction joints for JC pavements .2-10 . Construction joints for JC pavements .2-11 . Expansion joints for JC pavements .2-12 . Typical jointing .2-13 . Design of rigid-flexible pavement juncture .3-1 .

Jointed reinforced concrete pavement design .3-2 .

Typical layouts showing reinforcement of odd-shapedslabs and mismatched joints .

3-3 .

Reinforcement steel details .3-4 .

Contraction joints for JRC pavements .3-5 .

Construction joints for JRC pavements .3-6 .

Expansion joints for JRC pavements .4-1 .

Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Army Class Ipavements .

4-2 .

Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Army ClassII pavements .

4-3 .

Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Army ClassIII pavements .

4-4 .

Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Forcelight-load pavements .

4-5 .

Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Forcemedium-load pavements .

4-6 .

Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Forceheavy-load pavements .

4-7

Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Forceshort field pavements .

4-8 .

Deflection curves for Class I pavements .4-9 .

Deflection curves for Class II pavements .4-10 . Deflection curves for Class III pavements .5-1 .

Condition factor F versus modulus of soil reaction k .6-1 .

Typical 75-foot-wide rigid pavement inlay in existingflexible pavement .

6-2 .

Typical rigid pavement inlay in existing rigid pavement .

Table 1-1 .

Pavement loading classifications .2-1 .

Recommended spacing of transverse contraction joints .2-2 .

:Dowel size and spacing for construction, contraction, andexpansion joints .

3-1 .

Welded wire fabrics .4-1 .

Limiting elastic deflections for JFC pavements .

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1-1 . Purpose and scope . This manual presents mobilization proceduresfor the design of Army airfield rigid pavements and overlay pavementsthat incorporate a portland cement concrete layer in either the overlayor base pavement .

1-2 . General . The design procedures presented herein apply to thefollowing types of pavements, design loadings, and design parameters .

a . Types of pavements . A rigid pavement is considered to be anypavement system that contains as one element portland cement concrete,either nonreinforced or reinforced .

b . Design loadings . This manual is limited to Army airfieldpavement design requirements for aircraft during a mobilizationsituation . Discussions and design charts herein are confined to thepavement design classes shown in table 1-1 .

c . Design parameters . The procedures in this manual expresspavement thicknesses in terms of five principal parameters : designload, generally stated in the design directive ; foundation strength ;concrete properties ; traffic intensity ; and traffic areas . Thefoundation strength and concrete properties normally depend upon manyfactors that are difficult to evaluate .

1-3 . Definitions and symbols . The following terms and symbols arecommonly used in this manual . Other more specific or lesser usedsymbols will be defined where used .

a . . Definitions .

(1) Base pavement . The existing pavement (either rigid orflexible) on which an overlay is to be placed .

(2) Inlay pavement . Rigid pavement used to replace the interiorwidth of existing runways and as a method of rehabilitation orupgrading of existing pavement .

(3) Stabilized soil . The improvement of the load-carrying anddurability characteristics of a soil through the use of admixtures .Lime, cement, and fly ash, or comb