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ENGINEER MANUAL
EM 1110-3-142April 1984
ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
AIRFIELD RIGID PAVEMENT
MOBILIZATION CONSTRUCTION
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYCORPS OF ENGINEERS
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
EM 1110-3-142U .S . Army Corps of Engineers
DAEN-ECE-G
Washington, D .C . 20314
Engineer ManualNo . 1110-.3-142
9 April 1984
Engineering and DesignAIRFIELD RIGID PAVEMENT
Mobilization Construction
1 .
Purpose .
This manual provides guidance for the design of Army airfieldrigid pavement at U .S . Army mobilization installations .
2 .
Applicability .
This manual is applicable to all field operatingactivities having mobilization construction responsibilities .
3 . Discussion . Criteria and standards presented herein apply to constructionconsidered crucial to a mobilization effort .
These requirements may bealtered when necessary to satisfy special conditions on the basis of goodengineering practice consistent with the nature of the construction . Designand construction of mobilization facilities must be completed within 180 daysfrom the date notice to proceed is given with the projected life expectancy offive years . Hence, rapid construction of . a facility should be reflected inits design .
Time-consuming methods and procedures, normally preferred overquicker methods for better quality, should be de-emphasized .
Lesser gradematerials should be substituted for higher grade materials when the lessergrade materials would provide satisfactory service and when use of highergrade materials would extend construction time .
Work items "not immediatelynecessary for the adequate functioning of the facility should be deferreduntil such time as they can be completed without delaying the mobilizationeffort .
FOR THE COMMANDER :
PAUL~VANAUGColo l, Corps of EngineersChief of Staff
Engineer ManualNo . 1110-3-142
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
EM 1110-3-142U . S . Army Corps of Engineers
Washington, D . C . 20314
9 April 1984
Engineering and DesignAIRFIELD RIGID PAVEMENT
Mobilization Construction
Paragraph Page
CHAPTER 1 . INTRODUCTION
Purpose and scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1-1General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 1-1Definitions and symbols . . . . . . . . 1-3 1-1Investigations preliminary topavement design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 1-5
Subgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5 1-5Base courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6 1-7Membrane-encapsulated soillayer (MESL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7 , 1-8
Soil stabilization ormodification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8 1-9Evaluation of foundationsupport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9 1-9
Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10 1-10Econocrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11 1-14
CHAPTER 2 . JOINTED CONCRETE (JC) PAVEMENTDESIGN
Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 2-1Thickness design curves . . . . . . . . 2-2 2-1Jointing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 2-1Special joints and junctures . . . 2-4 2-20
CHAPTER 3 . JOINTED REINFORCED CONCRETE (JRC)PAVEMENT DESIGN
Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 3-1Reduced thickness design . . . . . . . 3-2 3-1Reinforcement to control pave-ment cracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 3-4
JRC pavements in frost areas . . . 3-4 3-6Reinforcement steel . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5 3-7Jointing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 3-10
CHAPTER 4 . JOINTED FIBROUS CONCRETE (JFC)PAVEMENT DESIGN
Basis of design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4-1
CM 1'- -
142g
'Apr 04
CHAPTER 5 .
CHAPTER 6 .
APPENDIX A .
REFERENCES
A-1
LIST OF FIGURES
Paragraph
Figure l-l .
Types of rigid pavement .l-2 .
Approximate interrelationships of soil classificationand bearing values .
l-3 .
Effect o base or no6baae thickness on modulus of soil
10 .2-l .2-; .2-3,2-4 .
Pavement design curves for shoulders .
Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 4"lMix proportioningconsiderations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 4-1
Thickness determination . . . . . . . 4-4 4-2Allowable deflection for JFCpavement . . . .,^, . . . ., . . . ., . . . . . 4-5 4-2
Joiut6zg . . . . .,^ .^ ., . . . . .~^ . . .,, 4-6 4~l3
OVERLAY PAVEMENT DESIGN
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 5"lSite investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2 5-1Preparation of existingpavement . . . . ., . ., . . . . . . . ." . . . 5-3 5-l
Condition of existing rigidPavement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^,^,~^"^ 5-4 5~2
Rigid overlay of existing igidpavement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 5-4
Rigid overlay of existing,flexible or existing compositepavement . . . . . .,, .^ . . . . .^ .^ . ., . 5~6 5~7
Nonrigid overlay of existingrigid pavement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7 5-7
Overlays in frost regions . . . . . . 5-8 5-9
RIGID PAVEMENT INLAY DESIGN
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 6-1Rigid inlays in existingflexible pavement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6"2 6-1
Rigid inlays in existingrigid pavement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6"3 6-3
reaction .Composite omdolua o moil reaction .JC pavement design curves for Army ?lass I pavements .JC pavement design curves for Army Class II pavem8tt,.JC pavement design curves for Army Class III pavements,.
LIST OF TABLES
EM 1110-3-1429 Apr 84
Figure 2-5 .
JC pavement design curves for Air Force light-loadpavements .
2-6 .
JC pavement design curves for Air Force medium-loadpavements .
'
2-7 .
JC pavement design curves for Air Force heavy-loadpavements .
2-8 .
JC pavement design curves for Air Force short fieldpavements .
2-9 .
Contraction joints for JC pavements .2-10 . Construction joints for JC pavements .2-11 . Expansion joints for JC pavements .2-12 . Typical jointing .2-13 . Design of rigid-flexible pavement juncture .3-1 .
Jointed reinforced concrete pavement design .3-2 .
Typical layouts showing reinforcement of odd-shapedslabs and mismatched joints .
3-3 .
Reinforcement steel details .3-4 .
Contraction joints for JRC pavements .3-5 .
Construction joints for JRC pavements .3-6 .
Expansion joints for JRC pavements .4-1 .
Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Army Class Ipavements .
4-2 .
Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Army ClassII pavements .
4-3 .
Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Army ClassIII pavements .
4-4 .
Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Forcelight-load pavements .
4-5 .
Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Forcemedium-load pavements .
4-6 .
Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Forceheavy-load pavements .
4-7
Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Forceshort field pavements .
4-8 .
Deflection curves for Class I pavements .4-9 .
Deflection curves for Class II pavements .4-10 . Deflection curves for Class III pavements .5-1 .
Condition factor F versus modulus of soil reaction k .6-1 .
Typical 75-foot-wide rigid pavement inlay in existingflexible pavement .
6-2 .
Typical rigid pavement inlay in existing rigid pavement .
Table 1-1 .
Pavement loading classifications .2-1 .
Recommended spacing of transverse contraction joints .2-2 .
:Dowel size and spacing for construction, contraction, andexpansion joints .
3-1 .
Welded wire fabrics .4-1 .
Limiting elastic deflections for JFC pavements .
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1-1 . Purpose and scope . This manual presents mobilization proceduresfor the design of Army airfield rigid pavements and overlay pavementsthat incorporate a portland cement concrete layer in either the overlayor base pavement .
1-2 . General . The design procedures presented herein apply to thefollowing types of pavements, design loadings, and design parameters .
a . Types of pavements . A rigid pavement is considered to be anypavement system that contains as one element portland cement concrete,either nonreinforced or reinforced .
b . Design loadings . This manual is limited to Army airfieldpavement design requirements for aircraft during a mobilizationsituation . Discussions and design charts herein are confined to thepavement design classes shown in table 1-1 .
c . Design parameters . The procedures in this manual expresspavement thicknesses in terms of five principal parameters : designload, generally stated in the design directive ; foundation strength ;concrete properties ; traffic intensity ; and traffic areas . Thefoundation strength and concrete properties normally depend upon manyfactors that are difficult to evaluate .
1-3 . Definitions and symbols . The following terms and symbols arecommonly used in this manual . Other more specific or lesser usedsymbols will be defined where used .
a . . Definitions .
(1) Base pavement . The existing pavement (either rigid orflexible) on which an overlay is to be placed .
(2) Inlay pavement . Rigid pavement used to replace the interiorwidth of existing runways and as a method of rehabilitation orupgrading of existing pavement .
(3) Stabilized soil . The improvement of the load-carrying anddurability characteristics of a soil through the use of admixtures .Lime, cement, and fly ash, or comb