Engineering of Extreme Sports Prosthetics June 26, 2007

Engineering of Extreme Engineering of Extreme SportsSports

ProstheticsProsthetics

June 26, 2007June 26, 2007

ImportanceImportanceProsthetics enable people to Prosthetics enable people to function “normally”function “normally”– Mimic human body part functionMimic human body part function

Engineering plays a role in Engineering plays a role in achieving 100% normal functionachieving 100% normal function– Not there yetNot there yet

http://www.swansonopcenter.com/testimonials_story_triathlon.htm

IntroductionIntroductionTypes of prostheticsTypes of prosthetics– Upper ExtremityUpper Extremity– Lower ExtremityLower Extremity

Transtibial (below the Transtibial (below the knee)knee)Transfemoral (above the Transfemoral (above the knee)knee)

Available for a variety of Available for a variety of different activitiesdifferent activities– Gymnastics, basketball, Gymnastics, basketball,

football, baseball, skiingfootball, baseball, skiing

Prosthetics systems consist Prosthetics systems consist of the socket and the of the socket and the prosthesisprosthesis– The prosthesis varies The prosthesis varies

depending on the situationdepending on the situation

http://www.oandp.com/products/trs/

Prosthetic SocketProsthetic Socket

The socket is the interface between the residual limb and The socket is the interface between the residual limb and the prosthesisthe prosthesisIt is the most important componentIt is the most important component– Socket must be both comfortable and functional for it to be Socket must be both comfortable and functional for it to be

usableusablehttp://www.hanger.com/sections/po/po_comfortflex.htmlhttp://www.activelivingmagazine.com/artman/uploads/12335.jpghttp://www.waramps.ca/nac/images/stages7.jpg

ProsthesisProsthesisUpper Extremity ProstheticsUpper Extremity Prosthetics– Need the ability to reach, grasp, hold and Need the ability to reach, grasp, hold and

release objectsrelease objects– Some may also require an “elbow”Some may also require an “elbow”

Typically some sort of shock absorption systemTypically some sort of shock absorption system

http://www.ottobock.com

http://www.adornequip.co.uk/legs2.jpg http://pegasus.me.jhu.edu/~jabbott/UtahArm.jpg

ProsthesisProsthesisLower Extremity Lower Extremity ProstheticsProsthetics– A below-the-knee A below-the-knee

prosthetic includesprosthetic includesFoot/ankle assemblyFoot/ankle assembly

SuspensionSuspension

PylonPylon

– An above-the-knee An above-the-knee prosthetic has an prosthetic has an additional knee additional knee jointjoint

http://www.arimed.com/prosthetics.htm

Extreme Athletic ProstheticsExtreme Athletic Prosthetics

http://symbiotechsusa.com/prosthetic_device_photos_7.htm

Warren MacdonaldWarren MacdonaldDouble amputee at mid-thigh Left with only six inches of Double amputee at mid-thigh Left with only six inches of natural femur on each legnatural femur on each legImpossible to maneuver full-length prosthetics legs up rock Impossible to maneuver full-length prosthetics legs up rock facesfacesHanger Orthopedic Group Inc. (largest manufacturer) Hanger Orthopedic Group Inc. (largest manufacturer) designed miniature, carbon-fiber climbing legsdesigned miniature, carbon-fiber climbing legsStands only 4’4” tall on his prosthetic legsStands only 4’4” tall on his prosthetic legs

http://www.warren-macdonald.com/weepingwall.html

Miniature Climbing LegsMiniature Climbing LegsMiniature legs keep Miniature legs keep center of gravity low, center of gravity low, thus enabling a person thus enabling a person to complete technical to complete technical maneuversmaneuversLegs are spring loadedLegs are spring loaded– Shock absorption to Shock absorption to

withstand joltswithstand jolts

Climbing feet that can Climbing feet that can be placed into small be placed into small crags and footholdscrags and footholds– Consist of cut down Consist of cut down

Vibram (rubber) boot Vibram (rubber) boot soles with a rotatorsoles with a rotator

http://www.popsci.com/popsci/medicine/9a21844dc34ab010vgnvcm1000004eecbccdrcrd.html

AccomplishmentsAccomplishmentsSince his amputation, Since his amputation, Warren has completed Warren has completed expeditions such as:expeditions such as:– El Capitan in Yosemite El Capitan in Yosemite

National ParkNational Park3000 ft. vertical rock 3000 ft. vertical rock faceface

– The Weeping Wall in The Weeping Wall in Banff National ParkBanff National Park

Vertical ice wallVertical ice wall– Mt. Kilimanjaro in AfricaMt. Kilimanjaro in Africa

Tallest peak at 19,340 Tallest peak at 19,340 ft.ft.

– Federation Peak in Federation Peak in AustraliaAustralia

http://www.warren-macdonald.com/index.html

Aron RalstonAron RalstonWhile climbing Blue John While climbing Blue John Canyon in Utah, a boulder Canyon in Utah, a boulder fell and pinned his arm for fell and pinned his arm for 5 days5 daysSelf-amputated his arm Self-amputated his arm below his elbow to survivebelow his elbow to surviveAlso worked with Hanger Also worked with Hanger Prosthetics to develop a Prosthetics to develop a prosthesis for prosthesis for mountaineering and ice mountaineering and ice climbingclimbingSince, he has solo climbed Since, he has solo climbed all 59 of Colorado’s all 59 of Colorado’s 14,000-foot peaks14,000-foot peaks

http://www.popsci.com/popsci/medicine/9a21844dc34ab010vgnvcm1000004eecbccdrcrd/2.html

Modified ArmModified ArmSticky rubber assists Sticky rubber assists in maintenance of in maintenance of frictionfrictionHarness system Harness system assists in the bent-assists in the bent-elbow positionelbow positionStatic, body powered Static, body powered devicesdevicesHand Unit Hand Unit AttachmentsAttachments– Ice Axe attachmentIce Axe attachment– Mixed climbing Mixed climbing

components coated in components coated in Urethane to protect Urethane to protect from rubbing against from rubbing against rockrock


Will CraigWill CraigSingle arm Single arm amputeeamputeeAvid mountain Avid mountain biker and doctorbiker and doctorUsed his Used his knowledge of the knowledge of the human body and human body and love of biking to love of biking to develop the first develop the first technical riding technical riding arm for mountain arm for mountain bikingbiking

http://www.prostheticarm.com/index.html

The ArmThe Arm

Developed by Advanced Prosthetic TechnologiesDeveloped by Advanced Prosthetic TechnologiesSystem consists of three components:System consists of three components:– An arm, hand, and tool bracketAn arm, hand, and tool bracket

Able to flex, extend, rotate, and adjust to varying angles Able to flex, extend, rotate, and adjust to varying angles depending on the riderdepending on the riderFox Racing Shock absorbs jolts as a natural elbow wouldFox Racing Shock absorbs jolts as a natural elbow wouldAble to ride technical trails, carving turns, jumping, and Able to ride technical trails, carving turns, jumping, and launchinglaunching

http://www.prostheticarm.com/page3.html

The HandThe HandThe terminal device of the The terminal device of the armarmThreads into a standard Threads into a standard wrist unitwrist unitAllows for wrist flexion and Allows for wrist flexion and extensionextensionTool bracket acts like Tool bracket acts like human fingers to securely human fingers to securely clamp down on the handle clamp down on the handle barsbars– Makes the hand a Makes the hand a

multifunctional devicemultifunctional deviceAn amputee can use their An amputee can use their pre-existing tools and pre-existing tools and modified tools can be used modified tools can be used by othersby others

http://www.prostheticarm.com/page4.html

Jarem FryeJarem FryeAbove the knee leg Above the knee leg amputeeamputee

Developed Developed sophisticated knee-sophisticated knee-joint prosthetics that joint prosthetics that allow him to telemark allow him to telemark ski, surf, bike, climb, ski, surf, bike, climb, wakeboard, etc.wakeboard, etc.

Founded Symbiotechs Founded Symbiotechs USA to market his USA to market his prosthetic kneeprosthetic knee


XT9 KneeXT9 KneeProsthetic knee developed Prosthetic knee developed for sports that require for sports that require advanced knee articulationadvanced knee articulationConstructed from aircraft-Constructed from aircraft-grade titaniumgrade titanium– Corrosion resistant in Corrosion resistant in

conditions such as snow, conditions such as snow, ice and waterice and water

Shock component Shock component functions as the amputee’s functions as the amputee’s missing thigh muscle to missing thigh muscle to absorb impactabsorb impactFully adjustable to a Fully adjustable to a person’s weight, intensity person’s weight, intensity level, activity, and terrainlevel, activity, and terrain


BiomechanicsBiomechanics

Before all of these prosthetics can be Before all of these prosthetics can be developed, we must understand how developed, we must understand how the body worksthe body works

Biomechanics uses the laws of Biomechanics uses the laws of physics and engineering concepts to physics and engineering concepts to describe motion of body segments, describe motion of body segments, and the forces which act upon them and the forces which act upon them during activityduring activity

Gait SymmetryGait SymmetryA basic start to biomechanics is walkingA basic start to biomechanics is walkingA normal healthy person exhibits certain characteristicsA normal healthy person exhibits certain characteristics– Swing Period (34%)Swing Period (34%)– Stance Period (62%)Stance Period (62%)– Symmetry between feetSymmetry between feet

DataData

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Time (ms)

AP Acceleration

Vertical Acceleration

Toe Force

Heel Force

Gait Symmetry LabGait Symmetry Lab

Using the shoes from the skateboard Using the shoes from the skateboard lab, we are going to look at the gait lab, we are going to look at the gait of an individualof an individual– Normal gaitNormal gait– Altered gait with knee brace and ankle Altered gait with knee brace and ankle

bracebrace

ConclusionConclusion

http://www.cyberpunkreview.com/images_living/prosthetic1.jpg

This workforce solution was funded by a grant awarded under the This workforce solution was funded by a grant awarded under the Workforce Innovation in Regional Development (WIRED) as Workforce Innovation in Regional Development (WIRED) as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration working in partnership with the Colorado Training Administration working in partnership with the Colorado Department of Labor and Employment, the Metro Denver Department of Labor and Employment, the Metro Denver Economic Development Corporation, and the City and County of Economic Development Corporation, and the City and County of Denver's Office of Economic Development. The solution was Denver's Office of Economic Development. The solution was created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Labor. The Department of position of the U.S. Department of Labor. The Department of Labor makes no guarantees, warranties, or assurances of any Labor makes no guarantees, warranties, or assurances of any kind, express or implied, with respect to such information, kind, express or implied, with respect to such information, including any information on linked sites and including, but not including any information on linked sites and including, but not limited to, accuracy of the information or its completeness, limited to, accuracy of the information or its completeness, timeliness, usefulness, adequacy, continued availability, or timeliness, usefulness, adequacy, continued availability, or ownership. This solution is copyrighted by the institution that ownership. This solution is copyrighted by the institution that created it. Internal use by an organization and/or personal use by created it. Internal use by an organization and/or personal use by an individual for non-commercial purposes is permissible. All an individual for non-commercial purposes is permissible. All other uses require the prior authorization of the copyright owner. other uses require the prior authorization of the copyright owner.

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Engineering of Extreme Sports Prosthetics June 26, 2007