Engineering aspects in green revolution

7/30/2019 Engineering aspects in green revolution

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Engineering Aspects In

Green Revolution

Bharat Gupta

CSE(III Year)JODHPUR INSTITUTE OFENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY


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Green Revolution

The green revolution is

the significant increase in agricultural productivityresulting from the introduction of high - yieldvarieties of grains , use of pesticides , and

improved management techniques.


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How Engineering plays a significant role in

Green Revolution?

Agriculture Engineering

Genetic Engineering

Agriculture Biotechnology


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Agriculture Engineering

The branch of engineering that deals with

the design of farm machinery

the location and planning of farm structures

farm drainage

soil management and erosion control

water supply and irrigation

rural electrification

and the processing of farm products


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Genetic Engineering

The science of altering and cloning genes to produce a new trait inan organism or to make a biological substance, such as a protein or

hormone. Genetic engineering mainly involves the creation of

recombinant DNA, which is then inserted into the genetic material of

a cell or virus.


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Agricultural Biotechnology


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What is Agricultural Biotechnology ?

Agricultural biotechnology is a collection of

scientific techniques used to improve

plants, animals and microorganisms. Based on an understanding of DNA,

scientists have developed solutions to

increase agricultural productivity


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How is Agricultural Biotechnology used?

Genetic engineering : Scientists have learned how to move genes from one

organism to another. This has been called genetic

modification (GM), genetic engineering (GE) or geneticimprovement (GI).

Regardless of the name, the process allows the transfer

of useful characteristics (such as resistance to a

disease) into a plant, animal or microorganism byinserting genes (DNA) from another organism


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Molecular markers:

Traditional breeding involves selection of individual

plants or animals based on visible or measurable traits. By examining the DNA of an organism, scientists can

use molecular markers to select plants or animals that

possess a desirable gene, even in the absence of a

visible trait. Thus, breeding is more precise and efficient.


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Molecular diagnostics:

Molecular diagnostics are methods to detect

genes or gene products that are very precise

and specific.

Molecular diagnostics are used in agriculture to

more accurately diagnose crop/livestockdiseases.


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Vaccines:

Biotechnology-derived vaccines are used in

livestock and humans. They may be cheaper,

better and/or safer than traditional vaccines.

They are also stable at room temperature, and

do not need refrigerated storage; this is an

important advantage for smallholders in tropicalcountries


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Tissue culture: Tissue culture is the regeneration of plants in the

laboratory from disease-free plant parts.

This technique allows for the reproduction of disease-free planting material for crops.

Examples of crops produced using tissue culture include

citrus, pineapples, avocados, mangoes, bananas, coffee

and papaya.


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HOW LONG HAS BIOTECHNOLOGY BEEN

USED IN AGRICULTURE AND FOOD

PRODUCTION?

The first food product of biotechnology

appeared on the market in 1990. an enzyme used in cheese production and

a yeast used for baking


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WILL AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY HAVE

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACTS?

Due to the Agriculture biotechnology, crops

improved and used safely, with benefits such as

the reduction of pesticide use.

Agricultural biotechnology is only one factoramong many influencing the health and welfare

of farmers and other citizens in the developing

world.


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Genetically Engineered (GE) Crops:

A Rapidly Expanding Market

From 1996 to 2003, the global area of transgenic crops has

increased 40-fold, from 1.7 million hectares (mha) in 1996 to 67.7

mha in 2003. These were grown by 7 million farmers in 18 countries.

In 2003, six principal countries (USA, Argentina, Canada, Brazil,China, and South Africa) grew 99% of the global transgenic crop

area.

Recently, two new countries, India and the Philippines, joined the

global group of countries that are growing genetically engineeredcrops.


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Growth of crops in industrial and

developing countries


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IMPORTANT GE CROPS

Herbicide-tolerant soybean .

Insect-resistant maize.

Herbicide-tolerant canola. Bt cotton


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QUESTION?


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THANKYOU

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Engineering aspects in green revolution