Ups Engineering Field Notes

Administrative Distribution

Professional Development This publication is an administrative document that was

developed for the guidance of employees of the ForestSer-vice-U.S.Department of Agriculture its contractors and its

Management cooperating Federal and State Government Agencies. The text

in the publication represents the personal opinions of the

respective authors. This information has not been approved for

Data Retrieval distribution to the public and must not be construed asrecom-mendedor approved policy procedures or mandatoryinstruc-tionsexcept by Forest Service Manual references.

The Forest Service-U.S. Department of Agriculture assumesno responsibility for the interpretation or application of thisin-formation

by other than its own employees. The use of trade

names and identification of firmsor corporations is for thecon-venienceof the reader such use does not constitute an official

endorsement or approval by the United States Government of

any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be

suitable.

This information is the sole property of the Government withunlimited rights in the usage thereof and cannot be copyrighted

by private parties.

Please direct any comments or recommendations about this

publication to the following address

FOREST SERVICE-USDAEngineering Staff-Washington Office

Attn D.J. Carroll Editor

M.J. Baggett Editorial Assistant

P.O. Box 2417-Washington D.C. 20013

Telephone Area Code 703-235-8198

ENGINEERING STAFF

STERLING WILCOXDirector

PEG DANIELS

Secretary

WALTER FUREN

Deputy Director

FLOYD CURFMAN HAROLD STRICKLANDAssistant Director Assistant DirectorStandards and Technical ApplicationsEvaluations and Support

CHUCK PALETTI

Staff Engineer

Engineering Management

JOHN HOLTAssistant Staff Engineer

VIVIAN SHREVE

Budget Analyst

Washington Office Engineering Staff

Update

In response to recent field requests and because ofthe ongoing Washington Office Engineering StaffWO-E reorganization we have prepared thefollow-ingWO-E organizational directory.

We hope this directory will help improvecommunica-tionand coordination between field units and the

Washington Office.

--Editor

DIRECTORSOFFICE

Sterling WilcoxDirector235-8035

Walter FurenDeputy Director235-8098

Peg DanielsSecretary

ENGINEERINGMANAGEMENT

Chuck Paletti Provides leadership in the formulation adoptionStaff Engineer and inspection of Engineering standards procedures235-8042 and practices for planning formulatingcon-trollingexecuting reporting and evaluating the

annual program of Engineering work.

John Holt Assists the Staff Engineer in providing leadershipAssistant Staff in the formulation adoption and inspection of

Engineer Engineering standards procedures and practices for235-8042 planning formulating controlling executing

reporting and evaluating the annual program of

Engineering work.

Vivian Shreve Reviews analyzes and develops budget data related

Budget Analyst to Regional programs of work and Appropriations235-8042 Subcommittee questions related to annual budget

requests. Coordinates requests to Regions for draft

response to congressional inquiries.

1

STANDARDSEVALUATIONS

Floyd CurfmanAssistantDirector235-8087Carol FunkingSecretary

Bob Hartman Provides leadership and technical expertise in allChief Equipment phases of fleet management to the field units.Engineer Coordinates this activity with other agencies in the235-8155 Department of Agriculture other Government

Departments and Bureaus and private industry.

Denise Patterson Works with representatives of the Fiscal and

Equipment Accounting Management Administrative ManagementManagement and Administrative Services Staffs in development ofAssistant management and accounting systems applicable to the235-8156 rental acquisition operation managementmain-tenancedisposal and replacement of equipment.

Plans directs and makes studies to test andevaluate a wide variety of complex equipment and

systems for equipment and accessories for use inForest Service programs.

Vacant Provides leadership and direction concerning theChief Materials application of Engineering technology to variousEngineer construction materials such as soil rock asphalt235-8030 concrete metal and wood. Administers and

coordinates geotechnical and materials Engineeringstudies.

Jerry Bowser Provides leadership in the development and managementLeader Systems of Service-wide Engineering systems. CoordinatesOperation hardware and software procurement and systemimple-Analysisand mentation. Searches out and transfers newtech-Developmentnology.235-1259

Fong Ou Develops and searches for new technology to improveStaff Engineer systems efficiency. Coordinates new systemsdevelop-235-3119ment. Provides technical assistance to solvespeci-ficproblems.

Pablo Cruz Performs system analysis feasibility studiesStaff Engineer program development program testing certification235-1258 and evaluation of Engineering systems.

2

Vacant Coordinates the operation maintenance andimple-GroupLeader mentation of all Service-wide Engineering computerEngineering systems except Geometronics.

Computer SystemsOperations andMaintenance235-2621

Bill Brownfield Supports and maintains national computer systemsCivil Engineer used for transportation analysis and RIDS. Provides235-2467 support training consultations and solutions to

problems to Regional users of these systems.

Harvey Krantz Maintain and keep operational the computer roadCivil Engineer design programs such as the Road Design SystemFCCC RDS Rapid Survey and Design System RSDS

Mack Litten Interactive Road Design System IRDS and theCivil Engineer Surfacing Design and Management System SDMS.FCCC Provide assistance to Regions whenever they have323-1720 problems using any of these programs.

Linda Scheid Responsible for the support and maintenance of

Computer national data base systems the Dam InventorySpecialist System the Energy Conservation System and the235-2622 Potable Water System Inventory. Providesconsulta-tionsand solutions to problems encountered by field

personnel responsible for updating and retrievingdata from these systems. Assists in developing and

editing user documentation.

Dick Hathaway Provides leadership and direction for thedevelop-DamSafety and ment operation and management of dams and waterWater Resources transmission facilities.Engineer235-8018

Glenn Bergey Provides leadership and technical directionconcern-ChiefLand ing cadastral land surveys and other related boundarySurveyor line management activities.235-3113

George Lippert Provides leadership and direction concerningChief Facilities planning development and management of buildingsEngineer and related facilities owned or occupied by Forest235-8020 Service employees or permittees.

Bill Opfer Provides leadership policy standards andeval-Environmentaluation of environmental health Engineering programsHealth Engineer of the Forest Service. Coordinates public health235-8019 and pollution control activities with other Federal

agencies.

3

Chris Schwarzhoff Provides leadership in construction of Forest ServiceChief Con- transportation system facilities.struction andMaintenanceEngineer235-3121

Ted Zealley Provides technical leadership coordination andTransportation direction of the location survey and design ofPreconstruction transportation facilities.Engi eer235-8086

Bill Reed Provides leadership and consultation in theimplemen-Transportationtation of transportation planning direction and theSystem Planning integration with land and resource managementEngineer planning.235-9845

Clyde Weller Provides leadership in the field of structures forChief Highway the Forest Service transportation system and liaisonStructures for ski lift and tram systems.Engineer235-1477

Mike Ritter Provides leadership in the field of bridgesstruc-Highwaytural computer applications. Is writing TimberStructures Bridge Design and Construction Manual. InvolvedEngineer in timber bridges technology transfer.Forest ProductsLaboratory364-5624

Jerry Knaebel Provides leadership and direction concerning theChief Road operation and maintenance of the Forest developmentOperations and transportation system. Principal staff contact forMaintenance matters concerning Forest highways administrativeEngineer appeals and litigation.235-9846

Dave Badger Staff assistant to the Chief Road Operation andTransportation Maintenance Engineer. Provides leadershipSystem Main- direction and coordination for transportationtenance and system maintenance and signing activities.SigningEngineer235-3122

4

Deborah Provides leadership and direction for the smallChristensen metal signs and posters program and providesSigns and technical assistance in other areas of FS signingPosters including traffic control devices and guide signsAssistant and road operations and maintenance.235-8025

Chuck Dwyer Provides leadership and guidance in the field ofChief Aerial aerial passenger tramways ski lifts and tows.TramwaysEngineerDenver CO234-3841

5

STANDARDS EVALUATIONSSE

FLOYD CURFMANAssistant Director

CAROL FUNKING

Secretary

Fleet Equipment Materials Systems OperationsWater Resources TransportationManagement Engineering Analysis Development System Operations Maintenance

Construction

BOB HARTMAN VACANTJERRY BOWSER DICK HATHAWAY CHRIS SCHWARZHOFF JERRY KNAEBEL CHUCK DWYER

Chief Equipment Chief Materials Leader Systems Dam Safety and Chief Construction Chief Road Operations Chief AerialOperations Analysis Water Resources Maintenance and Maintenance

Engineer EngineerDevelopment Engineer Engineer Engineer

Tramways Engineer

Cadastral Surveys Transportation SystemPreconstruction Design

DENISE PATTERSON TED ZEALLEY DAVE BADGER

Equipment ManagementGLENN BERGEY Transportation Transportation

Assistant FONG OU PABLO CRUZ Chief Land Surveyor Preconstruction System Maintenance

Staff Engineer Staff Engineer Engineer Signing Engineer

Facilities Transportation SystemPlanning Analysis

VACANTBILL REEDGroup Leader GEORGE LIPPERT DEBORAH CHRISTENSEN

Engineering Computer Chief Facilities Transportation Signs Posters

Systems Operations Engineer System Planning TechnicianMaintenance Engineer

Environmental Health Highway Structures

BILL OPFER CLYDE WELLEREnvironmental Health Chief Highway

Engineer Structures

Engineer

MIKE RITTERBILL BROWNFIELD HARVEY KRANTZ MACK LITTEN LINDA SCHEID StructuralCivil Engineer Civil Engineer Civil Engineer Computer Specialist Engineer

TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS

SUPPORT TAS

HAROLD STRICKLANDAssistant Director

NANCY RIVES

Secretary

Remote SensingEngineering Support Project EvaluationTechnical Information Implementation

RAY ALLISON AL COLLEY NORM SEARS TERRY GOSSARDForest Service Leader Engineering DALE PETERSEN Chief Equipment

BOB SWARTHOUT Chief GeometronicsRemote Sensing Support and Technical Civil Engineer Development Engineer

Civil Engineer Engineer

I

Coordinator Information

PublicationsTechnical Information

Photographic LaboratoryTraining Staff

Center TIC Budget Development Coordination RIDS

DENNIS CARROLL CONNIE CONNOLLY BOB ATCHISON JACK ARROWSMITH PETE VANWYHEVACANT

Technical Technical Information Supervisory Head TrainingJIMMY STRIBLING

GeometronicsPAUL SIMMONS Geometronics

Writer/Editor Specialist Photographer Staff BudgetGeometronics Engineer Cartographer

Geometronics Engineer InterdisciplinaryProfessional

Maps Atlas Systems

VACANT CAROLYN HOLLAND LEW GLOVERMARY JANE BAGGETT MARCIA JOHNSON WALTER STROMAN TAMMY RIZEK WILBERT WATKINS Geometronics Geometronics Maps AtlasEditorial Assistant Library Technician Photographer Budget Assistant Cartographer Interdisciplinary Cartographer Chief

Professional

Automated Cartography

HENRY SMITH SUE SHAFFERBOB MAHONEY

eneresGeometronics

Management AssistantEngineer

Geometronics Service Nationwide Forestry San Dimas Equipment Missoula EquipmentCenter Applications Program Development Center Development Center

PETER HAGER PHIL WEBER DICK SILBERBERGER LEE NORTHCUTT

Manager Manager Manager ManagerGSC NFAP SDEDC MEDC

TECHNICALAPPLICATIONSSUPPORT

Harold StricklandAssistantDirector235-8046

Nancy RivesSecretary

Ray Allison Provides national leadership in the area of advancedRemote Sensing remote sensing techniques and specializes in the

Coordinator applications of remote sensing technology to resource235-8184 management problems.

Al Colley Supervises the following sections PublicationsLeader Technical Information Center Photo Lab and

Engineering Engineering Training and Staff Budget. ResponsibleSupport and for entire range of Engineering management supportTechnical activities including Service-wide EngineeringInformation activity standards and evaluations strategicGroup planning National Information Requirements and235-1425 cost analysis.

Dennis Carroll Provides leadership in the preparation coordinationTechnical and production of publications periodicals reportsWriter/Editor brochures visual aids directives and forms.235-8198

Mary Jane Baggett Provides assistance in the preparation coordinationEditorial and production of publications periodicals reportsAssistant brochures visual aids directives and forms.

235-2346

Connie Connolly Provides publications directives informationalTechnical and technology transfer support to the WOEngineer-Informationing Staff and field units.Specialist235-3111

Marcia Johnson Assists in providing publications directivesLibrary informational and technology transfer support toTechnician the WO Engineering Staff and field units.235-1424

9

Bob Atchison Provide Washington Office-wide photographic support.Supervisory The Photo Lab will close down by the end of FY 1986.PhotographerWalter StromanPhotographerHenry SmithPhotographer235-8129

Jack Arrowsmith Provides leadership and coordination in theHead Training Engineering Construction Certification Programand Staff Budget Engineering A-76 Program Engineering Staff budget235-8635 and fiscal operations personnel activitiesinclud-ingawards and administrative services activities

including property and space. Provides Staffanalysis on general projects and programs withinEngineering.

Tammy Rizek Provides assistance and direction in EngineeringsBudget Assistant annual operating budget and related financial235-8635 matters. Oversees internal procurement actions.

Sue Shaffer Provides administrative coordination for theManagement Engineering Construction Certification Program theAssistant A-76 Program and the tracking of personnel actions235-8635 and training.

Dale Petersen Provides staff support for technology transferProject equipment development program computer systems andEvaluation and TA$S program budget.ImplementationEngineer235-2378

Norm Sears As a team establish overall long- and short-term

Equipment direction in accord with Forest Service goals.Development Oversee the work of the ten Project Leaders and two

Engineer Staff Engineers located at the Centers to assure the235-8114 Director of Engineering that EDT work supports

Lee Northcutt national and individual program goals that work is

Manager MEDC performed for sponsors in an efficient andprofes-585-3910sional manner and that sponsors are satisfied withDick Silberberger the quality of the work. In addition the two

Manager SDEDC Center Managers are line officers responsible for

793-8000 all activities at their respective Centers.

Colburn D. Participates with the Regions to evaluate existingSwarthout Engineering technology discovers and transfers newCivil Engineer or different technology in support of field needs.235-2376 Coordinates Engineering research needs with Regions

Forest Service Research other State and privategroups and academia.

10

Terry Gossard Provides national leadership in GeometronicsChief activities. Is responsible for direction andGeometronics coordination of plans and standards formulation of

Engineer policies and procedures and investigation of new or

235-8184 improved methods and equipment for recordinghandling and displaying resource terrain andcultural data in support of Forest Serviceactiv-ities.

Paul Simmons Project Leader in the area of Digital TerrainGeometronics Modeling provides technical development in the area

Engineer of acquiring handling and displaying terrain and

235-8184 geographic data through photogrammetric/computertechniques. Projects Systems Development and

Training multiple projects and General Terrain

Manipulation System GTMS.

Jimmy Stribling Head of Administrative Coordination SectionGeometronics responsible for coordinating the formulationEngineer implementation direction and evaluation of

235-8184 Geometronics policies programs and objectives.Project Mapping and Geodetic Requirements.

Wilbert Watkins Provides support to the Geometronics Engineer.Cartographer Project Aerial photography applications.235-8184

Pete VanWyhe Head of Development Coordination Sectionrespon-Geometronicssible for the coordination of photogrammetricCartographer cartographic remote sensing automated dataprocess-235-8184ing and contractual support to the Geometronics

Development Program.

Vacant Trainee position to provide technical support forGeometronics In- all Geometronics areas.

terdisciplinaryProfessional235-8184

Carolyn Holland Project Leader in the area of Automated CartographyGeometronics provides technical development in computerizedCartographer methods of acquiring storing retrievingana-235-8184lyzing and displaying planimetric and topographic

map data. Projects Archival Map Data InteragencyData Exchange and Systems Development and Trainingmultiple projects.

Vacant Project Leader to support development of standards

Geometronics In- for remote sensing cartography and automatedcarto-terdisciplinarygraphic processes products and applications as theyProfessional relate to Geographic Information Systems.235-8184

11

Lew Glover Gives guidance on geographic names and mapping needsMaps and Atlas to the Geometronics Group.Chief235-8071

Bob Mahoney Project Leader in the area of automated cartographyGeometronics specializes in development of methods and equipmentEngineer Salt to compile maintain reproduce and store maps andLake City UT other spatial data. Projects Editing and archival588-5668 procedures for Digital Terrain Data and GSCconver-sionof FCCC software to minicomputers anddevelop-mentsupport to Automated Cartography Unit.

Pete Hager Provides leadership and technical direction in theManager GSC compilation and production of the Forest Service588-4296 Base Series orthophotos digital application and

special mapping programs.

Phil Weber Provides technical leadership and managerialManager NFAP oversight to a mission of improving the efficiency588-4580 and cost-effectiveness of Forest Service operations

through the introduction of new techniques and theimprovement of employee skills in thephoto-interpretationand remote sensing technical area asapplied to agency responsibilities exemplified bythe implementation and monitoring of Forest LandManagement Plans.

12

Fence Failuresat Dog Legs What To DoAbout Them

Dan W. McKenzie Bret EisimingerMechanical Engineer Technical ManagerSan Dimas Equipment KIWI Pence Systems Inc.

Development Center Waynesburg Pennsylvania

Fence failures or post pullout at dog legsloca-tionshaving a small change in fence alignment of upto about 60 degrees are well known to anyone whoinstalls or repairs fencing see figure 1.Failures at dog legs in standard barbed-wire fencingare not as critical as failures in high-tensilesmooth-wire fencing which requires proper tensionto be maintained throughout to be effective.

WHY FENCES FAIL Fence strainers also called braces generally fail

for one of three reasons

1 Structural failure.

FO AAJ

. 111.i_rr5d k y

5- V.1r

Figure 1.--Fence failure at dog leg.

13

2 Soil movement or failure.

3 Corner or end post pullout.

Structural failure of a fence end strainer usuallyresults from improper design poorly selectedmater-ialor overstressed members. Carefully designingfence strainers and properly proportioning and sizingthe members should all but eliminate structuralfailures of fence strainers.

Soil failures of fence strainers occur when the soilis so weak that it cannot support the load placed onthe soil by the fence strainer and the fence strainermoves through the soil. Improvements in the designof the fence strainers--such as using larger orlonger posts or applying plates that have largerareas to bear against the soil--usually can eliminatethese soil failures.

Corner post pullout of fence strainers occurs whenthe corner post lifts out of the ground. Longerfence strainers or cleats placed on the post toincrease the coefficient of friction between thepost and the soil help prevent corner post pulloutfailures. Corner post pullout failure is related tothe coefficient of friction between the fencepostand the ground. Post pullout will not occur when acorner or end fence strainer is longer than acriti-callength which varies in each case. Thefence-postbears against the ground generating a verticalforce resisting pullout but the resisting force islimited to a maximum of the horizontal force bearingagainst the post by the ground times the coefficientof friction approximately 0.1 to 0.5 between thefence corner post and ground. If the force tryingto pull the post out of the ground is greater thanthe generated resisting force the post will pullout. By doubling the length of the strainer we canreduce the force pulling the post out of the groundby half. If the force pulling the post out of theground is less than the maximum force generated toresist pullout the strainer will not fail bypullout.

This critical length can vary depending on themoisture condition of the soil which affects thecoefficient of friction between the fencepost andthe soil. Generally as the soil moisturein-creasesthe coefficient of friction decreases.When this happens the decrease in the coefficientof friction may increase the critical length of the

14

fence strainer beyond the actual length of thestrainer--and the corner or end post pulls out.Pullout generally is the reason for fence failure at

dog legs. Dog legs are small changes in the fencealignment and small angle changes are the mostdifficult to hold and are where most pullouts occur.

In a dog leg there is an equal pull on the corner

post along each alignment resulting in a combinedresultant force bisecting the dog leg angle that is

much smaller than the two equal forces seefigure 2. The effective strainer assembly lengthalso is shorter than either strainer in alignmentwith the fence. If this effective strainer assemblylength is less than the critical length the fencewill fail by pullout.

At a dog leg of 60 degrees the resultant effectivelength of the strainer assembly is equal to thelength of the strainers in alignment with the fence

see figure 3. If the strainers are longer thanthe critical length pullout will not occur. At

90-degree corners the resultant effective length of

the strainer assembly is about 50-percent greaterthan the strainers in alignment with the fence seefigure 4. When a fence corner is less than90 degrees the resultant effective length of thestrainer assembly becomes much greater than the

strainers in alignment with the fence see figure 5.

PREVENTING To prevent fence failures at dog legs make the

FENCE FAILURE effective length of the strainer greater than thecritical length of the strainer. Place a strainerin the bisect of the angle of the dog leg which is

Force along fence

alignment and strainer length 20Force along fence

OD

alignment and strainer

ý ý _ _ _ _ _ ý _ý length

Resultant force and

resultant effective strainer

assembly length/\

I

Resultant force and

effective strainer

assembly length

Figure 2.--Forces and resultant force at a Figure 3.--At a 60-degree change in fence

20-degree dog leg. The resultant force and alignment the resultant force andeffec-theresultant strainer assembly length are tive strainer assembly length is equalmuch smaller than the forces and strainer to the forces and strainers in the alignmentassembly lengths in alignment with the fence. of the fence.

15

90I Force along fence

alignment andForce along fence

I

strainer lengthalignment and strainer

lengthI

Resultant force and Resultant force and

/ resultant effective resultant effective length

/ length of strainer \ / of strainer

Figure 4.--At a 90-degree corner the Figure ý.--When the fence corner is lessresultant force and the resultant effective than 90 degrees the resultant force andlength of the strainer is about 50 percent resultant effective length of the strainergreater than the strainer assemblies in assembly become much greater than thealignment with the fence. strainers in alignment with the fence.

f.

i

rl

5 i

tl

Figure 6.--One diagonal strainer used for a Figure 7.--Horizontal strainer bisecting thecorner brace in a dog leg. angle of a dog leg.

longer than the critical length of the strainer seefigure 6. A horizontal strainer also works seefigure 7 but the diagonal strainer is the easiestto install and costs less.

The diagonal strainer is equal in strength andholding force to a horizontal strainer. It isimportant to make a strainer as long as possible forbest holding and to avoid blocking the end of adiagonal strainer on the ground by a stake or post.Be sure that the diagonal end on the ground is freeto move in the direction the diagonal is pointing.

16

Several other methods have been used to make theeffective length of the strainer greater than thecritical length at a dog leg

1 Ending the fence with an end or gate strainerand starting in the new direction also with anend or gate strainer see figure 8.

2 Installing four- or six-panel strainerassem-bliesto increase the effective length beyondthe critical length see figure 9.

3 Installing a deadman anchor tieback seefigure 10.

These methods do work but generally are more costlyto install than a single diagonal strainer. Asingle diagonal strainer is easy to install andworks very well in repairing or correcting animpending fencepost pullout problem at a dog leg.

SUMMARY Fence failures at dog legs are caused when theresultant effective strainer length is less than thecritical length usually 6 to 8 feet but sometimesas long as 10 feet for a 4-foot fence. Bisectingthe dog leg angle with a diagonal strainer longerthan the critical length can eliminate pulloutproblems at dog legs. If the dog leg angle is60 degrees or less use a single strainer bisectingthe dog leg angle see figure 11. If the fencechange of direction angle is greater than 60 degreesuse either a single strainer or two strainers.

17

a

d2cGita Sýaaý_hTSSastýviýakýcýYiPý7ýQ._rýwý 2ZPýýA

_

Figure 8.--Fence failures at dog legs can be eliminated by endingthe fence with an end or gate strainer and starting in the newdirection with an end or gate strainer. Either a horizontal ordiagonal strainer can be used for both are equal in strength andholding force.

Figure 9.--A six-panel strainer assembly used to increase theeffec-tivelength of a strainer beyond the critical length at a dog leg

18

Ir

6

Figure 10.--Installation of a deadman anchortieback to prevent fence failure at a dogleg by fencepost pullout.

1

Figure 11.--Diagonal strainer used at a dog leg.

esa

19

Selecting Construction Slash TreatmentMethods

I

Jack Weissling Art MartyForest Supervisor Construction EngineerPike San Isabel Region 3 Regional Office

National Forests

INTRODUCTION Road construction slash is vegetative material thatdoes not meet utilization standards such as logslimbs tops brush and grubbed stumps associatedwith the construction or reconstruction of afacil-ity.The Forest Service publication Standard

Specifications for Construction of Roads and BridgesEM-77 01 OLL 1985 lists 12 methods for treatingconstruction slash. The selection of one or a

combination of treatment alternatives for an areaproject or road is a process that reauires the

evaluation of a variety of interacting factors. The

difficulty in evaluating these factors and theirinteraction can result in the responsible lineoffi-cerselecting alternatives based more on personaldesires or traditional treatments than on objectiveanalysis. The purpose of this article is to providea structured process that will assist and document

the evaluation and selection of construction slash

treatment methods. This selection process normallywould be completed after the environmental and

planning documents have been completed. However if

construction slash disposal is critical toenviron-mentalconsiderations it may be necessary to

complete this evaluation during the NEPA process.

CONSTRUCTION The following is a list of 12 specific methods for

SLASH TREATMENT the treatment of construction slash. Regions also

METHODS may develop Special Project Specifications to provide

optional treatment methods for objectives and designcriteria that are unique to individual roads.

1 Windrowing Construction Slash. Unless specifiedotherwise in the Special Project Specificationsthe contractor shall meet the followingreauire-ments.Areas used to windrow construction slash

shall be cleared to accommodate the windrow.Construction slash shall be placed outside the

roadway in neat compacted windrows laidapprox-imatelyparallel with and along the toeline of

21

embankment slopes. The top of windrows shallnot extend above the subgrade. All material inthe windrow shall be matted down withconstruc-tionequipment to form a compact and uniformpile. Windrows shall have 16-foot minimumlength breaks at least every 200 feet. Windrowsshall not be placed against trees. A pioneerroad may be constructed to provide an area forplacing windrows provided the excavatedmater-ialis kept within the clearing limits and doesnot adversely affect the road construction.

2 Windrowing Large Material. Construction slash10 inches or more in diameter at the small endand 6 feet or more in length shall be windrowedas in 1 above. Smaller material shall betreated by one or more of the other includedmethods for slash treatment.

3 Windrowing and Covering. Construction slashhall be placed an compacted as in 1 above

and shall be covered with at least 6 inches ofrock and soil to form a smooth and uniformwindrow.

4 Scattering. Unless specified otherwise in theSpecial Project Specifications the contractorshall meet the following requirements.Con-structionslash shall be scattered outside theclearing limits without damaging trees. Alllogs shall be limbed. Logs and stumps shall beplaced away from trees positioned so they willnot roll and not placed on top of one another.Other construction slash shall be limbed andscattered to reduce slash concentrations.

5 Burying. Construction slash shall be buried atthe locations shown on the drawings anddesignated on the ground. Construction slashshall be matted down in layers and covered withat least 2 feet of rock and soil. The finalsurface shall be smoothed and sloped to drain.

6 Chipping. Construction slash up to at least4 inches in diameter and longer than 3 feetshall be processed through a chipping machine.Chips shall be deposited on embankment slopesor outside the roadway to a loose depth notexceeding 6 inches. Minor amounts of chips maybe permitted within the roadway if they arethoroughly mixed with soil and do not form a

layer.

22

7 Piling and Burning. Construction slash shall

e epositn areas shown on the drawings and

designated on the ground. Piles shall be

constructed so that burning does not damagestanding trees. If burning is incomplete the

slash remaining shall be piled and burned until

pieces are reduced to less than 3 inches in

diameter and 3 feet in length. These piecesshall then be scattered.

8 Decking Unmerchantable Material. Logs not

meeting utilization standards in subsection201.03 of Standard Specifications forConstruction oof Roads an Bri ges and othermaterial-that exceeds t e diameter and lengthshown in the Special Project Specificationsshall be decked in areas shown on the drawings.Other locations may be approved by the Engineer.

Material shall be cut into lengths not to

exceed 32 feet and all limbs removed. Decksshall be stable and free of brush and soil.Other material shall be treated according to

slash treatment methods shown on the drawingsand in the schedule of items.

9 Disposal in Cutting Units. Construction slash

from within cutting units and 200 feet adjacentshall be disposed of with logging slash. Suchconstruction slash shall be deposited. at least50 feet inside the cutting unit boundary in such

a manner that it will not inhibit logging the

unit and that it may be treated by the

prescribed logging slash treatment method.

10 Removal. Construction slash shall be removed

or auled to locations shown on the drawingsand designated on the ground.

11 Pilin Construction slash shall be piled in

areas shown on the drawings and designated on

the ground for later burning or disposal byothers. Piles shall be placed and constructedso burning will not damage remaining trees. All

stumps shall be reasonably free of dirt. Unmerchantable logs shall be cut into lengths lessthan 20 feet before placement in the pile.

12 Placing Slash on Embankment Slo es.Construc-tionslash shall be placed on completedembank-mentslopes to reduce soil erosion where shown

on the drawings. Construction slash shall be

23

placed as flat as practicable on the completedslope. Slash shall be placed from the toe ofthe embankment to a point at least 2 feet belowsubgrade elevation. Priority for the use ofavailable slash shall be given to through fillsinside of curves and ditch relief outlets.

SIGN CRITERIA Disposal methods that best meet land managementneeds can be selected only by thoroughly consideringdesign criteria established for a particular area orproject. Design criteria as defined in FSH 7709.56Chapter 4 include requirements such as economicsresource management objectives road managementobjectives safety requirements and trafficchar-acteristics.The following is a list of the ninedesign criteria outlined in Chapter 4.

1 Resource Management Objectives. Theseobjec-tivesprovide information on the type and extentof activities the road will serve give a

general idea of location needed identifyproject limits related to resources and provideoperation and maintenance objectives.

2 Environmental Constraints. These may definelimits relative to t Fie location and traveledway identify sensitive soils areas identifywildlife and fisheries sensitivities indicatethat treatment is needed on exposed surfaces androadsides and identify visual quality concerns.

3 Safety. Safety affects the selection ofgeo-metricelements and design speed requires theexamination of possible hazards and correctiveactions needed and identifies the needs fortraffic service and control and maintenance.activities.

4 Physical Environmental Factors. These arefactors such as topography climate and soilsthat affect the road location and normallyaffect the alignment gradients sight distanceroad template slope selection drainage and

pavement structure.

5 Traffic Requirements. Volume composition anddistribution are elements of traffic criteriaused in the design of turnouts road widthssurfacing safety features and traffic control.Design vehicles and critical vehicles are designcriteria selected from the composition oftraffic.

24

6 Traffic Service Levels. Traffic service levelsdescribe the signs .can traffic characteristicsand operating conditions for a road. Theselevels are identified as a result oftransporta-tionplanning activities. Objectivesare_estab-lishedfor each road and may be expressed interms of the areas and resources to be servedenvironmental concerns to be addressed amountand types of traffic to be expected life of the

facility and functional classification.Addi-tionalobjectives concerning road managementand maintenance also should be defined. Theseobjectives must then be transformed intospe-cificdesign criteria. An important element ofthis transformation is specifically definingthe characteristics of the traffic that will usethe facility. This consists of a descriptionof the types and volumes of traffic and agen-eraldescription of the road elements and theinteraction between them.

FSH 7709.56 Chapter 4.1 Exhibit 1 containsdescriptions of the four different levels oftraffic service for Forest roads. These trafficservice levels include the trafficcharacter-isticsthat are significant in the selection of

design criteria and describe the operatingcon-ditionsfor the road. The levels reflect a

number of factors such as speed travel timetraffic interruptions freedom to maneuversafety driver comfort convenience andoper-atingcost. These factors in turn affect the

following

a Number of lanes.

b Turnout spacing.

c Lane widths.

d Type of driving surface.

e Sight distances.

f Design speed.

g Clearance.

h Horizontal and vertical alignment.

25

i Curve widening.

j Turnarounds.

The service levels functional classificationand maintenance levels can be related but arenot totally dependent on each other and can havea wide variety of combinations.

7 Vehicle Characteristics. Vehiclecharacter-isti.csescri e the p ysical characteristics ofvehicles using the road.

a Design Vehicle. The vehicle frequentlyusing the row that determines the minimumstandard for a particular design element.No single vehicle controls the standardsfor all the design elements for a road.Determine the maximum and minimum standardsfrom the type and configuration of thevehicles using the road. Analyze eachdesign element to determine which vehiclegoverns the standard for that element.

8 Road User. The selection of the design elementsand standards should be based on a road userdesign driver who is considered a safe andprudent driver. This does not imply that alldrivers are familiar with the type orenviron-mentalsetting of the road.

9 Economics. Economics is a basic factor in thedetermination and selection of alternativestan-dards.Develop standards from trafficanalysisdata projected from the date of completion tothe end of the planned use period. The analysisdiscount rates are established in FSM 1971.51.Study criteria for varying use periods normallyranging from 5 to 25 years with interest basedon current indicators such as the consumer priceindex or projections from recognized sources.

Design Forest Development Roads to serve theprojected traffic requirements at the lowestcost for transportation lowest total forconstruction plus maintenance and user costsconsistent with environmental protection andsafety considerations.

Design criteria often found in environmental andplanning documents that relate to slash disposal areminimal cost visual quality wildlife habitat

26

stream and lake protection soil protection erosionand organic content nonproductive land fuel

loading and wood residue utilization fuelwood.Some criteria may not be in environmental and

planning documents as they apply more to the physicalcharacteristics of specific sites. Examples of

these are ground slope available disposal areastree density tree damage and other activities in

disposal areas. They may limit disposal optionsonly on specific roads or road segments.

The success of selecting slash treatment methods that

best fit land management needs depends in part on how

well the land manager has prescribed design criteriafor evaluating the different treatment alternatives.

Land managers must be aware of the importance of

fully described design criteria in the appropriatedocuments. Design criteria should be as flexible as

possible and consistent with management needs to

allow evaluation of a range of alternative treatmentmethods.

Sources of design criteria frequently are Forestland and resource management plans environmental

impact statements and environmental assessments and

planning documents such as transportation plans and

project plans. Before the evaluation research all

environmental and planning documents pertaining to

the project and extract and document the applicabledesign criteria. Whatever the document designcri-teriaformat record the criteria and the source of

this criteria. If the person responsible for the

road design does this task that individual willhave the opportunity to become fully familiar with

the issues concerns and opportunities pertainingto the project. Figure 1 is an example of a formfor recording this criteria. The responsible lineofficer should approve design criteria used in the

evaluation.

EVALUATING SLASH An interdisciplinary ID team should evaluate slashTREATMENT treatment alternatives except in cases where designALTERNATIVES criteria clearly make it unnecessary.

A variety of effective methods can be used toeval-uatedisposal alternatives using design criteria.Methods that numerically evaluate and rankalter-nativessuch as the Tradeoff Evaluation Process and

the KepnerTregoe Process are popular decisionmakingtools. They handle the information systematicallyand easily display the evaluation. Although thisarticle presents one method of evaluating and ranking

27

ROAD DESIGN CRITERIA

ROADS

1. Source Document

Cri teria

2. Source Document

Criteria

3. Source Document

Criteria

4. Source Document

Criteria

5. Source Document

Cri to ri a

Documented Date /

Approved Date /

1ne icer

Figure I.--Road Design Criteria formo

28

treatment methods it is not intended to discouragethe user from using other more familiar evaluation

techniques.

Figure 2 shows a form that can be used in evaluatingand ranking slash treatment alternatives. The

following are instructions for using this form

1 List the approved design criteria in the columnsat the top of the form. If the ID teamrecom-mendsdesign criteria in addition to thoserecorded from environmental and planningdocuments add the criteria to the existinglist.

2 List all viable slash treatment methods in the

left-hand column.

3 Some environmental or physical constraints in

specific areas of the project may preclude the

use of some disposal options. Examples of these

are requirements in an environmental assessmentthat slash material may not be disposed ofwithin 100 feet of streams and that construction

equipment shall not be operated outside clearinglimits on slopes in excess of 40 percent. Listthese constraints in the right-hand column of

the form to assist the ID team in selectingalternatives.

4 Establish the relative importance of eachcri-terion.Often a numerical scale assigns the

highest number to the criterion of mostimpor-tance.Similar numerical weights may be

assigned to different criteria. Display the

criterion weight number on the Criteria Weightline.

5 Rate the slash treatment methods against the

criteria using a numerical rating. Again use

a numerical scale with the largest numberindi-catingthe method that best serves the criteria

objectives. This numerical scale may be the

same as that used to weigh the criteria. Ignorethe numerical weight assigned to the criteria

during this exercise. Develop evaluationcri-teriaor other supporting information for eachcriterion to determine the rating for eachtreatment alternative. For example fuel

loading could be rated on a scale based on tons

per acre and nonproductive acres could be based

29

CONSTRUCTION SLASH TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE EVALUATION

ROADS o7 v I7 ioyýýe3 1183

APPROVED DESIGN CRITERIA

TREATMENT NUMERICAL TINGCRITERION WEIGHT

CONSTRUCTION

SLASH

TREATMENT

J 9 W WEIGHTED NUMERICAL VALUEcp

METHODS v J Z ia ý

CRITERIA WEIGHT -9 Z 41 J J 9 CONSTRAINTS

WINýoýt/lNCz / 7Z3

ro yZ f12- /Z /8

WI DDowCOVEe 0 4J5ý

ez 30 ZS 5/f 9Iý15 4

ýýuPýeýrýýNao otio

5C ATTEZIMCr 3 zq /0 5/5 /yZ g -OPS Ce qo%

BURY/A/ 545 81to yZýf Z ýZýf o /y7 3 /

CHI PPIN b X-7 Y/ 7Z- 1

2-

Co./ 01

57PIL/NG- ll sý Z0 15 zý l53 Z ii

PLACE J/ EMB.Z 27 /a F 1/307

EC4UAJ 1ffQý/ ý use

711RAov oN5

Na -LA6/ w sv ioo

FEET 0- 671P-AM4rj

I.D. TEAM RECOMMENDED ALTERNATIVE 00C- ýýýEecýý ý-ABt ECBt ore FreELweýo.w/n/nvt/ DATE/

s 7FAM5 Af7-Q2A/A77 uE

SIGNATURE DATE / Z / S5

Figure 2.--Example Construction Slash Treatment Alternative Evaluation form.

on acres per mile. Table 1 is a rating chart

that the Willamette National Forest in Region6 uses to evaluate slash disposal methods. On

the form the treatment method numerical ratingfor each design criterion is displayed abovethe diagonal line for each treatment method.

6 Multiply the numerical weight for-each criterion

by the rating of the particular treatment methodto get the weighted numerical value of eachalternative. This numerical value is displayedbelow the diagonal line for each treatmentmethod.

7 Obtain the total numerical value of eachalter-nativeby adding the weighted numerical valuesof all the design criteria for that alternative.

8 Give the alternatives a relative ranking withthe highest number for the apparent favorablealternative.

SELECTING SLASH The ID team should identify the slash treatment

TREATMENT alternatives it recommends. If the recommended

ALTERNATIVES alternative differs from the ranking the team shoulddocument reasons. If the recommendation iscondi-tionalthe team should provide those conditions and

the reasons for them. The responsible line officer

then selects an alternative. If this alternative is

different from the ID teams recommendation the lineofficer should document the reasons for selecting a

different alternative.

CONCLUSION This article presents one method of numericallyevaluating and ranking construction slash disposalmethods for a particular area project or road.

Other methods also can be effective in thiseval-uation.Whatever method is used it should providea logical and sound approach to evaluating and

ranking the alternatives against given criteria and

an understandable format for documenting thiseval-uationand ranking. This article is only a tool

that can assist in the decisionmaking process--it is

not the final answer. The responsible line officermust make the final decision based on the results of

this evaluation and good judgment.

31

Table 1.--Rating chart for evaluating slash disposal methods.

Decision Criteria Project Rating

Vi sual General Forest 0-4Scenic II 5-8Scenic I 9-10

Cost B/C MMBF T.S. x $250 ADT x $5Road Cost

B/C 0-4 7-10B/C 5-10 3-6B/C 10 1-2

Fire Fuel Loading 25 Ton/Ac 0-425-45 Ton/Ac 5-845 Ton/Ac 9-10

Land Out of Production 0-3 Ac/Mi 0-3 Years 1-33-6 Ac/Mi 3-6 Years 4-76 Ac/Mi 6 Years 8-10

Safety Stem Size 18 d.b.h. Stump Size 24 1-418-30 d.b.h. Stump Size 24-40 5-830 d.b.h. Stump Size 40 9-10

Smoke Management

Proximity to developments 100 PAOT8 miles away 8-109-20 miles away 7-520 miles away 4-0

32

The First Nationwide Forest ServiceRemote-Sensing Workshop ASignificant Step Into the Future

Jerry D. GreerWorkshop Chairman Project LeaderNationwide Forestry Applications Program

During the week of April 7 90 people from acrossthe Nation assembled near San Francisco to shareideas about remote sensing in resource management.This meeting grew out of-a recognition thattransferring remote-sensing technology is a criticalissue. The meetings objective was to provide a

forum for sharing ideas knowledge and needs.

Attendees included representatives from RangerDistricts Supervisors Offices Regional Officesand the Washington Office. Two Forest SupervisorsEd Schultz and Jim Berlin and the Region 3 RegionalForester Sotero Muniz attended. They presentedsome challenges to the technical people and provideda valuable sense of direction to those of us who are

charged with implementing new technology. Duringthe session those who made presentations explainedsome of the capabilities of remote sensing reportedon some ongoing projects and showed how to usevarious remote-sensing products.

Three presentations made by the line officers whoattended made this meeting different from othersimilar meetings. Technical people no longer havethe freedom to pursue just anything of interest nowwe must address only the problems of highestpriority. Limited time budgets resources and

people dictate that we work to meet officiallystated needs. The message from the line officersreinforced this and encouraged us to find out thereal information needs of line officers and to reachout and give help where we see the need. We weretold that we can improve the way we deliver ourproducts and make remote sensing less mystic andmore acceptable to managers who are not familiarwith it.

The High Altitude Group hosted and cosponsored themeeting at the NASA Ames Research Center at Moffett

Field California. Besides providing logistics and

33

meeting rooms they filled a day with presentationsand explanations including guided tours to see the

U-2 and the ER-2 aircraft and associated sensorsystems. They also explained their work inmoni-toringfire behavior their GIS system andtheir image archival and retrieval method.

Comments received from participants during andafter the meeting were very encouraging. Wehave begun to plan a possible second meeting

.. to be held in the spring of 1988. If themeeting is approved we will hope for thevari-etyof topics and broad representation that we

/ had in California. The papers and talks from the50 presentations will be published fordistribu-tion.Table 1 lists most of the topics covered.

The number of groups represented indicates theinterest in this first nationwide meeting.Table 2 contains the affiliations of most ofthe people who attended. Such broadrepre-sentationindicates that there is greatinterest and support for improved methods inmanaging Forest and range resources. Weare entering a new era in resourcemanage-ment.Satellites and the permanentlyoccupied space station now have a veryreal place in our vocabulary and plans.On the ground computers and many kindsof sophisticated remote-sensing devicesgive daily aid to managers who must domore work with fewer people and less

money.

Technical ability andprofessional-/ism have found a place together inthe field and the office. Theprospects for the future will dependupon the continued mixing ofabil-itiesbetween management andinfor-imation gatherers. This meetingwas a significant step into thefuture for a group of people whowork hard to solve increasinglycomplex problems.

34

Table 1.--Topics discussed at the workshop.

1. The State of the Art in Remote Sensing2. The GSC Autocartography and Support Programs3. National Coordination for the Forest Service Remote Sensing

Program4. NFAP Program Support5. GIS Making Remote Sensing Data Meaningful6. The NASA Ames Research Center Operation7. NFAP Support in Training8. Remote Sensing in the National Park Service9. Aerial Photography in Forest Inventory and Assessment

10. Using Aerial Photos To Determine Hardwood Crown Cover11. How To Get Landsat Imagery12. How Color Infrared Camera and Film Systems Work13. How Reconnaissance Cameras Work14. How Electronic Imaging Systems Work15. Locating Buried Gravel Deposits With Thermal Sensors16. Three Challenges to Technicians From Line Officers17. Remote Sensing Used in the Intermountain Station Forest Inventory

and Assessment18. Applying Technology to Land Management Planning Problems19. A New Way To Assess Imagery Scale Needs20. The NASA Airborne Instrument Research Program21. Using Archived Imagery To Monitor Historic Acid Disposition Trends22. Monitoring Smoke Dispersal on Controlled Burns23. Vegetative Typing Using Remote Sensing24. The Effects of Leaf Area Index and Plant Biochemistry on Scanner

Responses25. The U-2 and ER-2 Aircraft and Sensor Systems26. A Geographic Information System in Use at NASA Ames27. How NASA Retrieves Specific Imagery from the Archive28. Using Mul ti spectral Scanner Data in Wildfire Analysi s29. Sensors and Data Systems for the Space Station30. Spruce Decline Southern Pine Beetles and Mapping Mortality31. Interpreting Color Infrared Imagery to Detect Pest Damage in

Canada32. Using Satellite Data in Timber Management in California33. Using Photos and Digital Data to Map Wildlife Habitat on the San

Juan National Forest34. Using High-Altitude Color Infrared Photos To Map Riparian Areas35. Detecting Change Using Aerial Photography36. How To Integrate Data and Extract Resource Information37. Using Landsat Data for Fire Management Planning and Dispatch38. Making GIS Fit the Needs of the User39. Evaluating Slope Stability With Computer Enhanced Images40. The Utilization Guide for Aerial Photography41. Remote Sensing in the Bureau of Land Management42. The Alaska Four-Level Inventory

35

Table 2.--Groups and units represented at the meeting.

1. USDA FS WO Engineering Timber Fire2. USDI Bureau of Land Management3. USDI National Park Service4. NASA Ames Research Center5. Forest Inventory and Assessment Southeastern Station6. FS Research Northeast Station7. The EOSAT Corporation8. FS R-3 Regional Forester Geometronics Ldr. Timber Wildlife

IDC9. FS R-9 Geometronics Leader Engineering

10. FS R-2 Geometronics Leader11. FS R-4 Geometronics Leader12. FS R-1 Geometronics Leader13. FS R-5 Geometronics Leader Timber LMP Engineering14. FS R-8 Geometronics15. FS R-6 Geometronics Leader16. FS R-10 Geometronics Leader17. Nicolet National Forest Forest Supervisor18. Forest Inventory and Assessment Intermountain Station19. Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest LMP20. Lockheed Corp. Environmental Protection Agency Las Vegas21. FS Pacific Southwest Fire Laboratory22. University of California Santa Barbara23. FA Methods Applications Group Fort Collins Colorado24. FS Paci fi c Southwest Experiment Station25. University of British Columbia Canada26. San Juan National Forest Range and Wildlife Management27. USDA Soil Conservation Service28. Bighorn National Forest Forest Supervisor29. The General Electric Company30. International Imaging Systems31. Flathead National Forest Geometronics-GIS32. The Spot Image Corporation US Representatives for the French

Corporation33. Okanogan National Forest Fire Management34. Forestry Data Consultants35. FR R-5 Geotechnical Engineering Center36. Santa Fe National Forest Fire/Soil Water37. Forest Inventory and Assessment Pacific NW Experiment Station

Alaska38. FS WO Geometronics Service Center Manager39. FS WO Nationwide Forestry Applications Program40. Sylvan Services41. Ishikawa PI Contracting42. FS WO Missoula Equipment Development Center43. Klamath National Forest

36

Table 2. cont.--Groups and units represented at the meeting.

44. Los Padres National Forest45. Angeles National Forest46. Siuslaw National Forest47. FS Research NE Experiment Station Syracuse University New York48. The State of California49. Technicolor Inc.50. The country of Morocco51. Terra-Mar Corporation52. Dipex Inc.53. Imagineering Systems Inc.

37

RTIP Bulletin Board-Whats New

Chris SchwarzhoffCivil EngineerWashington Office Engineering

By the time this article is published we expect mostusers will be switched over to accessing RTIP byTELENET. Our TELENET address is 31107030060 and youcan call the Bulletin Board by entering TC/P RTIPS

from CLI when using the Data General. We willcon-tinueto maintain dial-up access and now support300 1200 and 2400 baud FTS 235-3573. Please callthe RTIP Bulletin Board or Connie Connolly 235-3111if you have any trouble.

There have been a number of new files added to the

download section of RTIP since the last listing in

Engineering Field Notes. To get a complete listing of

all the files available or an update at any time call

RTIP and select the N new option once you are in the

files section. RTIP will then display the last time

you asked for a files listing and ask if you want to

use this as a cutoff date for a new listing. At this

point you have the option of entering another date.

If you would like a complete listing just give it an

older date for example January 1 1984 and a

listing of all files in the system since that date

will be scrolled on the screen. We highly recommend

that you capture the listing to a file for later

review. If you are coming in on the DG using TTYyou can accomplish this easily by striking Function

Key 14 or by striking CTRL-D followed by LOG FILENAME

FILENAME is any name you wish to use when using TC.

The balance of this article is a listing of new files

and updates.

DIRECTORY1-PROGRAMMINGAIDS

Help for BASICA ADVBAS 2 0. ARC. This is an OBJ file that adds manyProgrammers features to the MICROSOFT QUICKBASIC and IBM BASIC

version 2.0 compilers. It is hard to imagine whyMICROSOFT did not include them in the compiler

library.

39

QBX130.ARC. Cross-reference program for BASICprograms that do not use line numbers or labels foreach line of code.

Help for PASCAL BOOSTERS.ARC. A large collection of Turbo PascalProgrammers subroutines to make screenbuilding and menu-making

easier.

TPTUTOR.ARC. A new tutorial for Turbo Pascal.

General CHASM.ARC. Assembler--used by lots of folks. SeeProgramming Aids article in February issue of PC Tech Journal.

DIRECTORY2- FE370-1.ARC and FE370-2.ARC. Updated and improvedDATA BASE version of the powerful file management program FILEMANAGEMENT EXPRESS version 3.70.

DIRECTORY4- IBU.ARC. A file copier that makes the chore ofDISK MANAGEMENT copying files and rearranging disk directories easy.

FMT.ARC. Makes the process of FORMATTING disks atleast five times faster.

FILER.ARC. Gives side-by-side comparison of filedirectories from different disks or subdirectories.

FCONSOLE.ARC. This is version 1.15F of the popularConsole and Bias Driven FANCY CONSOLE.

G-WHIZ.ARC DOSAMATC.ARC and WFU.ARC. Threecommand shell programs that make it easy forbeginners and old hands too to execute programsfrom a hard disk. All are good but for me WFU.ARCis best.

DIRECTORY 5- FCALC103.ARC. Version 1.03 of the popular programFINANCIAL Free Calculator to compute discount values and cashECONOMIC flow problems.STATISTICAL

ECSTAT.ARC. This is a new extremely easy-to-usestatistics program.

ENGRECON.ARC. Very well-done engineering economicsprogram. Patterned after approach used in the

Engineering Economics textbook by Grant and Ireson.Should be useful for transportation planners in

comparing alternatives and road operationsengineers in evaluating economics of roaddisinvestment.

40

DIRECTORY 6- NETANAL.ARC. Uses LOTUS 1- 2- 3 to find minimum pathHIGHWAY through a network.ENGINEERINGAPPLICATIONS FPMS.ARC. This is a micro version of the California

Highway Departments Flexible Pavement ManagementSystem. Outstanding program for evaluating and

prioritizing maintenance and reconstruction needsfor flexible pavements. Could be a useful tool forRegional priority setting.

GANTT.WQS. Uses LOTUS 1-2-3 to prepare projectmanagement GANTT charts.

GANTT.ARC. The ultimate GANTT chart display--itexpands-and compresses the display.

PCSTABLE4. This is currently the very best publicdomain slope stability analysis for the IBM-PC. Canuse sliding block irregular or circular slidingsurfaces and tie backs are allowed. Optional plotoutput to HP 7470A plotter.

PACE.ARC. Cost estimating using people/materialsapproach. Written by John Sessions. It ismenu-drivenand very easy to use.

SDMS.ARC. This is a micro version of the SurfacingDesign and Management System currently running atFort Collins.

SURVTRAV.ARC. Traverse reduction and plotting byBob Echols on the Monongahela National Forest forHP 150.

HANS_ON.ARC. This is an updated version of the

popular road design program by Marty Hanson 5/2/86.

ELSYMS.ARC. This is micro version oftried-and-truemainframe program ELSYMS. Analysis of3-dimension idea elastic layer systems with a muchimproved user interface as compared to mainframeversion.

DIRECTORY 8- QMODEM.ARC. This is version 2.0 of the popularTELE- QMODEM program which supports script files. ICOMMUNICATIONS still use PIBTERM.

QFONE212.ARC. Utilities to edit sort and printthe QMODEM version 2.0 phone directory.

41

i

PCSIG433.ARC. All the files necessary to develop aDG to micro Kermit file transfer system includesFORTRAN source for DG side.

MDM150.ARC. Updated 4/30/86 telecommunicationsprogramer HP-150. If you have nothing and want toget started try sending a blank disk to MartyHanson in Region 9.

DIRECTORY9- DP102A.ARC. This program works like the commercialUTILITY PROGRAMS program OPTIMIZER to eliminate fragmented files on

10-megabyte hard disks.

SCP35.ARC. Super-easy-to-set-up menus for accessingfiles on hard disk.

TSRSRC.ARC. -Purge memory resident programs likeSidekick-and Superkey without booting system.

UPDATE23.ARC. If you dont have the programFASTBACK then you really should have a copy ofUPDATE23. Makes updating and backup of hard disksimple fast and automatic. Takes a little work toset up the first time.

DIRECTORY 10- PCWRT26.ARC. Version 2.6 of the famous wordWORD PROCESSING processor PCWRITE.

PC-OUTLN.ARC. Outstanding program for reportoutlining. Use to record notes for later analysisor preparation of reports letters action plansand so forth. If you are fortunate enough to have acomputer available for recording notes during a

meeting this program would be fantastic.

Spell Checkers TSPELL.ARC. Very easy-to-use spell checker forASCII and WORDSTAR files.

Text Editors QEDIT12S.ARC. Updated version of text editor QEDIT3/26/86.

DIRECTORY 11- PC-PEN.ARC. Very nice drawing program in BASIC.GRAPHICS Source code is provided so may be useful asPROGRAMS subroutine for other programs.

EFN

U.S. Government Printing Office 1986 -622-134/00271

42

Engineering TechnicalInformation System

The Series THE ENGINEERING FIELD NOTES SERIES is published

periodically as a means of exchanging engineering-related

ideas and information on activities problems encountered and

solutions developed or other data that may be of value to

Engineers Service-wide. Articles are usually less than six pagesand include material that is not appropriate for an Engineering

Technical Report or suitable for Engineering Managementpublications FSM 1630 and 7113.

Distribution Each Field Notes edition is distributed to the Engineering Staff

at Regional Offices Forests Stations and Area Headquartersas well as to Forest Service Engineering Retirees. If your office

is not receiving the Field Notes ask your Office Manager or

Regional Information Coordinator to increase the number of

copies for your location. Copies of back issues are available in

limited quantities from the Washington Office EngineeringTechnical Information Center.

Submittals Every reader is a potential author of a Field Notes article. If youhave a news item or short description about your work that youwish to share with Forest Service Engineers we invite you to

submit the article for publication. Field Personnel should sendmaterial to their Regional Information Coordinator for review bythe Regional Office to assure inclusion of information that is

accurate timely and of interest Service-wide short articles andnews items are preferred. Type the manuscript double-spacedinclude original drawings and black-and-white photographs if

only color photographs are available send transparencies or

negatives and two machine copies of the manuscript.

Inquiries Regional Information Coordinators should send articles for

publication and direct questions concerning format editing

publishing schedules etc. to

FOREST SERVICE-USDAEngineering Staff-Washington Office

Attn D.J. Carroll Editor

M.J. Baggett Editorial Assistant

P.O. Box 2417-Washington D.C. 20013

Telephone Area Code 703-235-8198

Regional R-1 Jim Hogan R-4 Ted Wood R-9 Fred Hintsala

Coordinators R-2 Ray Ollila R-5 Larry Gruver R-10 Ron Hayden

R-3 Art Marty R-6 Homer Chappell WO Al Colley

R-8 Jim Gilpin

e18

ugust1986EngineeringFieldNotes