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Pressurized Air Vehicle
Engine Conversion from Combustion to Compressed Air
Ordinary gasoline combustion engine converted to run on compressed air
Drivable, proof-of-concept car◦5-10 minutes◦10-15 mph
Three groups: engine modification, vehicle integration, testing and theory
Project Goals
Four stroke engine vs. two stroke engine
Golf cart, go-kart, building a chassis, mini Baja
Engine and Chassis Choice
Chose to modify thetiming by CNC machiningcam lobes.
Norfolk Machine Shop
Engine Modification
1. Remove Timing Case – 5 bolts
2. Place camshaft – line up timing mark
3. Remove old gasket material, and place new gasket
4. Re-attach Timing Case
5. Check all plugs are sealed
6. Add oil 7. Attach intake
manifold
Engine Assembly
Engine Troubleshooting Engine running backwards
Intake valve being blown open
Low airflow
Vehicle Integration
Intake Adapter Tanks Ball valve (Throttle) 5/16” Line Original design too restrictive Met basic flow requirements after post-
install modifications
Relatively Light Weight Available Locally
(Low Lead Time) Price High Pressure Common Regulator Easy Filling Low Price For Used
Scuba Tank Selection
Available at ODU motorsports lab.
Consulted with Dr. Ash about use.
Crank shaft was too large so adapter was machined to allow for use with Baja engine.
Dynamometer Testing
Dyno run #1 0.1 horsepower at 600 rpm
Dyno run #2 0.2 horsepower at 950 rpm
Results
Using ideal gas assumptions
After manipulation:
Gas Dynamics Thermo Model
Engine Efficiency
Comparing EfficienciesInternal
Combustion [1] Hybrid [1] Electric [2] Pressurized AirEngine Efficiency,% 21 30 11
Motor Efficiency, % 79 78
Battery & Battery Charger Efficiency, %
81
Total Efficiency, % 21 24 21 4
Heat Rate, Btu/kWh Efficiency, %
Coal 10444 32.67Petroleum 10826 31.52Natural Gas 8152 41.85Nuclear 10464 32.61
[1] N. D. a. J. Deutch, "Hybrid Cars Now, Fuel Cell Cars Later," Science Magazine, vol. 305, pp. 974-976, August 13, 2004 2004.[2] U. S. D. o. Energy. (2013, April 22). Electric Vehicles (EVs). Available: http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/evtech.shtml[3] U. S. E. I. Administration. (April 21). Table 8.1. Average Operating Heat Rate for Selected Energy Sources. Available: http:// www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_08_01.html
Future Improvements•Larger air capacity and flow rate
•Better valve and camshaft design
•Use a more efficient engine type
•Lighter chassis
https://www.facebook.com/groups/PAVprojectdesign/?hc_location=stream
Completed Engine Conversion
Gantt Chart
Questions?