Engine Engine ConstructionConstruction

Stationary Stationary PartsParts

2 s/c2 s/cSlow SpeedSlow Speed

BEDPLATE

LUBE OIL SUMP

A FRAME

CYLINDER BLOCK

JACKET WATER

CYLINDER LINER

CYLINDER HEAD

INTAKE PORTSCRANK

CASE

INTAKE MAINIFOLD

EXHAUST MAINIFOLD

EXHAUST VALVE

FUEL INJECTOR

CRANK CASE

WEB

CRANK SHAFT

CRANK SHAFT BEARING

CRANK PIN

CROSS HEAD

CROSS HEAD GUIDES

CONNECTING ROD

PISTON ROD

PISTON

TURBO-CHARGER

INTER-COOLER

Engine Engine ConstructionConstruction

Moving Moving PartsParts

2 s/c2 s/cSlow SpeedSlow Speed

VALVE VALVE ACTIONACTION ROCKER

ARM

PUSH ROD

CAM SHAFT

CAM

OTHER OTHER CAMSCAMS

FUEL CAM

FUEL PUMP

FUELFUELPUMPPUMPACTIONACTION

FUEL CAM ENGAGES

INJECTION BEGINS

INJECTION ENDS

MAX CAM LIFT

Effective StrokeCam Lift

FUEL SUPPLY

FUEL RETURN

FUELFUELPUMPPUMPACTIONACTION

FUEL CAM ENGAGES

INJECTION BEGINSCam Lift

FUEL SUPPLY

FUEL RETURN

Effective StrokeTo affect engine power and/or speed

Vary effective stroke

More/less fuel to cylinder during power stroke

To affect To affect engine power engine power and/or speed– and/or speed– vary effective vary effective strokestroke

ROTATE plunger Injections begins as

before ,,, but ends earlier Less fuel per power

stroke Power/speed is

reducedINJECTION BEGINS

FUEL CAM ENGAGES

Effective Stroke

FUEL DELIVERED per PWR STROKE

The are many fuel injection The are many fuel injection arrangements…arrangements…

Fuel pumps may be mounted on injector Fuel pumps may be mounted on injector (unit injectors) and activated via a rocker (unit injectors) and activated via a rocker arm from above—or an “overhead cam”arm from above—or an “overhead cam”Fuel pumps may be activated electrically, Fuel pumps may be activated electrically, timed with a microprocessor (no fuel camtimed with a microprocessor (no fuel cam—electronic injection)—electronic injection)Fuel may be delivered a constant high Fuel may be delivered a constant high pressure to injectors and the injector pressure to injectors and the injector activated mechanically or electronically at activated mechanically or electronically at precisely the right momentprecisely the right moment

… … but ALL fuel injection systems but ALL fuel injection systems must satisfy the following must satisfy the following

requirementsrequirements

Accurate Accurate METERINGMETERING

Proper Proper TIMINGTIMING

Suitable Suitable INJECTION RATEINJECTION RATE

Clean Clean CUT-OFFCUT-OFF

Adequate Adequate ATOMIZATIONATOMIZATION

Sufficient Sufficient PENETRATIONPENETRATION

FUEL SYSTEMFUEL SYSTEM (Slow Speed Diesel Propulsion(Slow Speed Diesel Propulsion

V

HTR

DAY TANK No.1

DAY TANK No.2

HP FILTER

VISCOSIMETER

LP FILTER

SUPPLY

RETURN

FO SERVICE

PUMP

DB TANK

F.O. PURIFIER

CYLINDER OIL

Lube Oil Lube Oil System(s)System(s)

L.O. COOLER

LP FILTER

L.O SERVICE PUMP

HP FILTER

CIRCULATING SYSTEM

METERING PUMP

LO STORAGE

L.O. PURIFIER

““CENTRALIZED COOLING”CENTRALIZED COOLING” (LS Diesel Propulsion)(LS Diesel Propulsion)

L.O

. C

LR

AIR

CLR

JACKETJACKETWATERWATER

JW CLR

JW PUMPEVAP

FW CIRC PUMP

FW CLR

SW CIRC PUMP

Sea WaterLTFW HTFW

L.O. CLR

Medium Speed EnginesMedium Speed Engines

FUEL PUMPS

L.O. PUMP

TTHERMOSTAT

F.O. SERV. P.

AIR CLR

J.W. PUMP

J.W. COOLER

Return

Diesels are not self-starting…Diesels are not self-starting…

Smaller Medium & High Speed engines are Smaller Medium & High Speed engines are started via a started via a MOTORMOTOR engaged to a engaged to a flywheelflywheel

M

FLYWHEEL

e.g., ELECTRIC MOTOR START

BATTERY

Start switch

Diesels are not self-starting…Diesels are not self-starting…

Smaller Medium & High Speed engines are Smaller Medium & High Speed engines are started via a started via a MOTORMOTOR engaged to a engaged to a flywheelflywheel

M

or AIR MOTOR START

Start valve

STARTING AIR COMPRESSOR

AIR RECEIVER≈ 120 psi

Diesels are not self-starting…Diesels are not self-starting…

Smaller Medium & High Speed engines are Smaller Medium & High Speed engines are started via a started via a MOTORMOTOR engaged to a engaged to a flywheelflywheel

M

or HYDRAULIC MOTOR START

Start valve

ACCUMULATORS≈ 3000 psi

RESERVOIR

Larger Medium Speed & Slow Speed engines are DIRECT AIR START

STARTINGAIR RECEIVER300-500 psi

SACSAC

STARTING AIR VALVE

PILOT VALVES

To other cylinders

STARTING AIR admitted during POWER STROKE until engine fires

STARTING AIR may be used to brake engine once fuel is cut off