ENG 150 English for ENG 150 English for Nursing Nursing

Unit 1 -Grammar Unit 1 -Grammar

How do we make the Simple Present Tense?How do we make the Simple Present Tense? subject + auxiliary verb + main verbsubject + auxiliary verb + main verb

There are three important exceptions:There are three important exceptions:1.1.For positive sentences, we do not normally use the For positive sentences, we do not normally use the auxiliaryauxiliary..E.g. I play basketball every day.E.g. I play basketball every day.2.2.For the 3rd person singular (he, she, it), we add For the 3rd person singular (he, she, it), we add ss to to the main verb or the main verb or eses to the auxiliary. to the auxiliary.E.g. She goes to church on SundaysE.g. She goes to church on Sundays3.3.For the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary, even For the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary, even for questions and negatives.for questions and negatives.E.g. We are usually at home on Sunday mornings.E.g. We are usually at home on Sunday mornings.

SIMPLE PRESENT

We use the simple present tense We use the simple present tense when:when:-the action is general-the action is general-the action happens all the time, or -the action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and habitually, in the past, present and futurefuture-the action is not only happening now-the action is not only happening now-the statement is always true-the statement is always true

How do we use the Simple Present Tense?

Sometimes, often, frequently, every day, Sometimes, often, frequently, every day, usually, always, once every two weeks etc.usually, always, once every two weeks etc.

ExamplesExamplesIt It often often rains in Limassol this time of the rains in Limassol this time of the year. year. French people don’t French people don’t usuallyusually drink juice for drink juice for breakfast.breakfast.Does the food in India Does the food in India always always taste spicy?taste spicy?

Words commonly used with the Simple Present

Go to the following link to have practice onHow to form the Simple Present :

http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_present_quiz.htm

Simple Past tense

1.Forming the simple past tense

With most verbs, the simple past is created simply by adding -ED. However, with some verbs, you need to add -IED or change theending a little. Here are the rules:

When the verb ends in:

1. e › Add –D (live › lived )2. Consonant +y › Change y to i, then add -ED (try ›

tried)3. One vowel + one consonant(but NOT w or y) › Double

the consonant, then add -ED (tap › tapped)4. anything else including w Add -ED (boil › boiled)

Be , go, do, have, eat , drink, Be , go, do, have, eat , drink, sleep, cut, get ,sit , teach, sleep, cut, get ,sit , teach, leave etcleave etc

Although many verbs in English form their past tense with -ED, some do not. These are called irregular verbs, and they include some of the most basic verbs in English such as:

The structure for positive sentences in the simple past tense is:

subject + main verb    The structure for negative sentences in the

simple past tense is: subject + auxiliary verb + not + main verb•The structure for question sentences in the

simple past tense is:auxiliary verb + subject + main verb• The auxiliary verb did is not conjugated. It is

the same for all persons (I did, you did, he did etc). And the base form and past form do not change.

Look at these examples with the main verbs go,did and work:

• I went to school early yesterday• She didn’t go with me ,she came later.• - Did she work until late last night? - Yes she did. She worked until midnight.

- I was at the office also until late - I was at the office also until late last night.last night.- Were you tired?- Were you tired?- No I wasn’t, I was bored.- No I wasn’t, I was bored.

Exception! The verb to be is different. We conjugate the verb to be (I was, you were, he/she/it was, we were, they were); and we do not use an auxiliary for negative and question sentences. To make a question, we exchange the subject and verb. Look at these examples:

We use the simple past tense We use the simple past tense when:when: •• the event is in the pastthe event is in the past • • the event is completely the event is completely finishedfinished • • we say (or understand) the we say (or understand) the time and/or place of the eventtime and/or place of the event

How do we use the Simple Past Tense?

Go to the following link to have practice onHow to form the Simple Past :

http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_past_quiz.htm