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Energy UnitReview- Ch. 5
Types of energyCapturing energyReleasing energy
Energy – the ability to do work• The Law Of Conservation of Energy:
• Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transformed (changed) from one state to another.
• Energy can be divided into two main groups
• Potential energy = stored energy• Kinetic energy = moving/working energy
• Can potential energy be turned into kinetic energy? YES
• Can kinetic energy be turned into potential energy? YES
STATES OF ENERGY
Potential and kinetic energy exist in many forms:
Forms of energy:• Mechanical – energy with which moving objects
perform work• Chemical – energy stored in substances• Heat – produced by molecular motion of matter• Light – moves in waves• Nuclear – stored in nucleus of atoms• Electrical – movement of electrons
CHEMICAL REACTIONSA + B AB
AB A + BReactants Products
MetabolismThe sum of all the chemical
reactions occurring in an organism
Exothermic
Energy is released(BREAKDOWN OF GLUCOSE)
AB A + B
Endothermic
Energy is absorbed(BUILDING MACROMOLECULES- Like Glucose)
A + B AB
EnzymesProteins that
increase the speed of a chemical reaction by
lowering the activation energy
(the energy needed to start a reaction)
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
6CO2 + 6H20 C6H12O6 + 6O2
reactants products Carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen
STEP ONE
The Three Steps of Photosynthesis
STEP 1:Chlorophyll
traps energy from
sunlight.
(Chloroplasts have small disks, Thylakoids that
contain chlorophyll.)
The Three Steps of PhotosynthesisSTEP 2:
Captured Light Energy is used to make ATP
in the thylakoid
ATP is used as Activation
Energy to start the
Calvin Cycle
The Three Steps of PhotosynthesisSTEP 3:
Calvin Cycle:Cells use the energy from breakdown of ATP to make
carbohydrates (glucose) from
the carbon atoms in CO2
REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
LIGHT REACTION• Can only occur
when light is present
• Products:– ATP– Oxygen
CALVIN CYCLE• The “Dark Reaction”• Doesn’t need light,
but needs products from light reaction (ATP!!!)
• Products:– Glucose
Please add this to the back of your notepage.
• Sunlight is _____________________ energy• Carbon dioxide and water are rearranged to
produce _______________________• ___________________ is a by-product (waste
product) of photosynthesis• ______________________ is used by plants and
animals for energy. Glucose is ________________ energy
KINETIC (LIGHT)
GLUCOSE (SUGAR) AND O2
OXYGEN
CHEMICAL (POTEN.)
GLUCOSE
Please write the questions on the
back of your notepage and answer them.
Cellular Respiration – releases the energy in food and turn it
into a form that can be used for the activities of life
C6H1206 + 602 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
ORSugar + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy
Identify products and reactants
2 types of CR
Aerobic:• Takes place when
oxygen is present• Yields 36 ATPS (a
lot!)
Anaerobic:• Takes place when
oxygen is NOT present.
• Yields only 2 ATPs• Some organisms
are completely anaerobic
AEROBIC RESPIRATIONO2 present. Lots of Energy!
• 1st glucose moves from the blood into a cell’s cytoplasm where it is split in ½ – Creates:
• Pyruvic acid• 2 ATP
• Pyruvic Acid moves into mitochondria to be broken down further resulting in
ATPs.For a grand total of _____ ATPs
34
36
Lactic Acid Fermenation
• When animal muscles use so much energy the oxygen runs out
• Some bacteria also produce lactic acid, which is used to make some foods.• Produces:
– 2ATP– lactic acid
Alcoholic Fermentation
• Small organisms that are in environments without oxygen– Yeast– Bacteria
• Produces:– 2 ATP– Alcohol