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Energy,
Temperature, and heat
• Scientists use the terms enery, temperature
and heat with very specific meanings.
02
• Whether a substance is a gas, a liquid or a
solid, all its particles are moving. The particles
have kinetic energy. Thermal energy is the
amount of kinetic energy in all the particles of a
substance. The more kinetic energy the
particles have, the more thermal energy the
substance has.
02 ENERGY
• Temperature is the measure of how fast the
particles in a substance are moving. A
substance with rapidly moving particles has a
high temperature. The gallon of water and the
cup of water can have the same temperature,
even thoungh the gallon has more thermal
energy.
02 TEMPERATURE
• Heat – The movement of energy from warmer objects to a
cooler object.
• Radiation – the movement of energy in waves.
• Conduction – The movement of energy through things that
touch each other.
• Convection – the movement of energy through a moving liquid
or gas.
• Tempertature – A measure of how fast the particles in a
substance are moving.
• Siren – a machine that makes a loud, wailing sound.
02 Vocabulary
• Position – the place where somethings is.
• Speed – the distance something travels in a period of time,
such as miles per hour (mph)
• Velocity – the combination of speed and direction
• Acceleration – the change in velocity over a unit of time.
02
• Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one
object to another. The energy always goes
from the object with a higher temperature to
the object with a lower temperature.
• This can happen in 3 ways:
– 1. Radiation
– 2. Conduction
– 3. Convection
02 Heat
• Is the transfer of energy in
waves. If you hold your hands
near a fire, the waves of
energy reach your hands and
you feel the heat.
02 1. Radiation
• Is the transfer of energy through things that
touch each other. If you leave a metal spoon in
a hot pan, the spoon gets hot. The heated
atoms in the bottom in the pan move rapidly.
They bump into the atoms around them. The
bottom of the pan and the spoon are the same
temperature.
02 2. Conduction
• Is the transfer of energy through a moving
liquid or gas. In a pot of boiling water, the
water near the bottom gets hot. Atoms move
faster and farther apart. As hot water rises to
the top, cooler water moves to the bottom. It
also heats up. In this way, heat moves through
all the water in the pan.
02 3. Convection
• Everything moves. Motion is a
change in an object’s position.
Motion involves speed, direction,
velocity, and acceleration. You
can see all of these by studying a
roller coaster.
02 Motion
• Is the distance an object travels in
a certain amount of time. If a
roller coaster is moving one mile
every minute, you could also say
the roller coaster moves at 60
miles per hour.
02 Speed
• Is the speed and the direction an object is
moving. If the speed or direction of an
object changes. The velocity changes.
The roller coaster does not travel in a
straight line. The velocity changes with
each change in direction.
02 Velocity
• Because of gravity, the roller coaster
goes faster as it gets closer to the
ground. Its speed or velocity changes.
Acceleration is the change of velocity in a
unit of time. When a roller coaster starts
moving, it’s accelerating.
02 …
• Is a measure of how fast
something happens. It is
change per unit time – for
example, 3 jugs of orange juice
capped per second.
02 A rate
• Is a kind of rate. Speed is how
fast something is moving
through space. It is distance
per unit of time – 6 feet per
second.
02 Speed
• Includes both the speed and
the direction of a motion -6 feet
per second to the right.
02 Velocity
• Energy is the hability to do work, wich means making
something change.
• Motion is a change in position. Energy can affect
motion, even in tiny atoms.
• Temperature is a measure of thermal energy, or how
fast atoms move. You measure temperature with a
thermometer.
• Heat is the transfer, or movement of thermal energy
between things of different temperatures.
02 In conclusion
Thank you!
Have a nice day!