ENERGY SMART Douglas Kent · Calcium: Leaves distorted, small and spotted, and eventually die back. Signs develop in newer leaves first. Magnesium: Chlorosis (yellowing leaves with

ENERGY SMARTDesign and Maintenance Strategies for Leaner and Greener Landscapes

Douglas Kent

What do you do?

What information do we share?

Energy Smart where are we?Lean & Green Landscapes

Energy Smart energy overviewLean & Green Landscapes

Measureable Impacts - Onsite

Measureable Impacts

Our Energy Begins and Ends With Water


Hydrogen

Oxygen

Measureable Impacts - Onsite


MAINTENANCEEquipment Upkeep

FertilizersFuel Use

PesticidesSoil Amendments

Surface TreatmentsWater

Energy Smart Lean & Green Landscapes

Energy Users

Not uncommon for installation costs to be as much as 54% of total costs over a 15 year time span

INSTALLATIONConcreteDrainageEquipment / Tools FeaturesFencesFertilizers Fuel UseIrrigation MetalMulchesPlantsSoil Amendments SurfacesWater

energy overview

Energy Budget36% = Vehicle Gasoline25% = Irrigation24% = Machine Fuel10% = Fertilizers5% = PesticidesDirect Fuel Use = 60%

Energy Smart energy costs

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

VECHICLES IRRIGATION MACHINES FERTILIZERS PESTICIDES DIRECT FUELUSE

% OF ENERGY

Maintenance

Lean & Green Landscapes

Jo, Hyun-Kil. 1993. “Landscape Carbon Budgets and Planning Guidelines.” PH.D Dissertation. University of Arizona. Kent, Douglas. 2001. A New Era of Gardening. Garden Shed Productions.Kent, Douglas. 2006 “The Average Residential Landscape.” Master’s Thesis. Cal Poly PomonaKirkham, Tim. 1989. Sustainability in Landscaping: City of Irvine. Irvine, CA

Energy Smart water costsLean & Green Landscapes

Water Use

010002000300040005000600070008000

MED. TEMP. TROP. TURF

TREESHRUBSGROUND COVERSTURF

TREES SHRUBS GROUND COVERS

LAWN

MEDITERRANEAN 1635 1520 1403 5844

TEMPERATE 4091 3798 3506 5844

TROPICAL 7364 5319 4909 5844

Gallons of water per 1,000 square feet per year

Kent, Douglas. 2006 “The Average Residential Landscape.” Master’s Thesis. Cal Poly PomonaKirkham, Tim. 1989. Sustainability in Landscaping: City of Irvine. Irvine, CA


ENERGY BTUsSq. ft. per year

ENERGY EQUIVALENTAcre per year represented in gallons of gas

TURF 1136 396

SHRUB /GROUND COVER

501 175

SUBTROPICAL 466 162

TEMPERATE 432 150

MEDITERRANEAN 363 126

Energy Equivalent for All Maintenance

energy costs

050

100150200250300350400

TURF SHR/G.C. TROP. TEMP. MED.

GASOLINE

Kent, Douglas. 2006 “The Average Residential Landscape.” Master’s Thesis. Cal Poly PomonaKirkham, Tim. 1989. Sustainability in Landscaping: City of Irvine. Irvine, CA

Per Foot Costs

energy consumption

Kirkham, Tim. 1989. “Sustainability in Landscaping: City of Irvine.” Irvine, CAKent, Douglas. 2006 “The Average Residential Landscape.” Master’s Thesis. Cal Poly PomonaJo, Hyun-Kil. 1993. “Landscape Carbon Budgets and Planning Guidelines.” PH.D Dissertation. University of Arizona.


energy consumption

Carbon Costly Landscapes


Economics: Energy is expensive and it is imbedded in everything. In fact, many energy reduction strategies can pay for themselves in 3 to 10 years.

Public Health: Fine particles, hydrocarbons, and nitrous and sulfur oxides – which turn into smog and ground level ozone – increases respiratory-related problems, such as asthma, allergies, congestion, shortness of breath and cancer.

Watershed Health: Nitrous and sulfur oxides increases algae and bacteria, increases non-native species, increases wildfire frequency, and acidifies soils and waterbodies – all of which reduces aquatic and terrestrial biological diversity.

Water Conservation: On average, Californians use 160 gallons of water a day – through energy use they consume 400 gallons of water a day.

Impacts of Direct Use of Fuels

energy impactEnergy Smart Lean & Green Landscapes

The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere has climbed above 400 parts per million – the highest amount of CO2 in millions of years 1

CO2 jumped by the biggest amount on record in the year 2010—a 6% increase over the year before 2

Worldwide CO2 levels are 54% higher than in 1990 3

2012 was the hottest year on record 4

Power plants are the single biggest source of greenhouse gases at 33% of all emissions. Transportation is the second at 28%

The biggest use of energy and consequent release of CO2 in a landscape is the transportation of people, equipment and supplies 6

Lawns produce 1.5 times the amount of CO2 than non-lawn landscapes. In fact, concrete is better for the atmosphere than manicured lawns—concrete! 7

Quick Carbon Facts

energy impactEnergy Smart Lean & Green Landscapes

definition

What is a California Friendly Landscape?

Energy Smart

A landscape comprised of native and Mediterranean plants that conserves resources, primarily water, fertilizers and pesticides.


A landscape that strives to achieve the greatest ecological benefit for the lowest possible cost

the approach

What is an Energy Smart Landscape?


When energy is the measure of efficiency, the outcomes become more tangible, measureable and immediate

Energy as a Measure

measuring energyEnergy Smart Lean & Green Landscapes

Energy Smart dividend

Energy Dividend


A 10 year old pine requires 5,000 gallons of water a year. At 17.3 Btus per gallon, the energy expense is 86,500 Btus, which is the equivalent of 10 pounds of biomass. Through photosynthesis and biomass creation, the pine will accumulate well over a 50 pounds of biomass, representing over 430,000 Btus—a 500% return.

*Figures are likely, but approximate

Two Primary Parts

1. Conservation

2. Services: Dividends

the approach



Two Primary Parts1. ConservationCalculating PaybackFertilizersGrey and Rain Water CaptureIrrigationLawn AlternativesPesticidesPlant Removal / RenewalThe Three Plant GroupsTurf RemovalWatering

the approach



Two Primary Parts

2. Services / DividendsBiological Enhancement: bees, birds, butterfliesFirescapingFoodProducts: craft, medicinal, lumberPublic Health & SafetyThermal Comfort / Cool CommunitiesWaterbody Protection / Stormwater Management

the approach



Crime: The number and density of urban trees is correlated to rates of crime: less trees, more crime. Public Safety: Trees and shrubs along roads will slow drivers, improving pedestrian and vehicular safety.Property Value: Trees and greening will improve the aesthetics of a community and as a consequence, have a positive affect on property values.Energy Conservation: Strategically placed trees, shrubs and ground covers can reduce the energy needed to cool and heat structures by as much as 50%.Revenue: Urban vegetation can become a source of revenue for the products they generate, which includes fibers, foods, dyes, medicines, oils, ornaments, and timber. Heart Health: Landscapes can reduce a person’s heart rate and blood pressure, increase feelings of security and wellbeing, and improve overall health. Learning: Vegetation has a calming effect on children and has helped improve memory retention and learning.Wellbeing: Certain types of landscapes will reduce depression and stress, and elevate people’s moods.Healing: Patients with views of vegetation get discharged from hospitals sooner than those without.Longevity: Gardeners live longer than non-gardeners.

See References

servicesEnergy Smart Lean & Green Landscapes

Targeting segments, like hospitals, identifying the environmental goals unique to them, such as public health, and evolving an environmental strategy with measurable goals, like allergy-free and passive cooling.

Energy Smart our startLean & Green Landscapes

Targeting Success

Understand Costs—Huge Link to EnergyA Little is a LotAlternatives: Ground covers, shrubs, mulchesTechniques for Surest Removal / Reclamation

Energy Smart conservation

Turf Removal


050

100150200250300350400

TURF SHR/G.C. TROP. TEMP. MED.

GASOLINE

Energy Smart

A Little is a Lot

Lean & Green Landscapes conservation

Resource Conserving Lawn AlternativesFleshy, Rooting, Spreading PerennialsSprawling ShrubsInorganic MaterialsMulch

Energy Smart Lean & Green Landscapes conservation


Botanical Name Common Name

Achillea ageratifolia, A. clavennae, A. tomentosa

Greek yarrow, silvery yarrow, woolly yarrow

Aster chilensis Wild aster

Cerastium tomentosum Snow-in-summer

Chamaemelum nobile Chamomile

Coreopsis auriculata ‘Nana’ Tickseed

Duchesnea indica Indian mock strawberry

Dymondia margaretae Dymondia

Erigeron spp. Fleabane

Festuca californica, F. rubra California fescue, Creeping red fescue

Fragaria chiloensis, F. californica Wild strawberry, sand strawberry

Gazania hybrids Trailing gazania

Geranium spp. Cranesbill

Hedra spp. Ivy

Osteospermum fruticosum African daisy, freeway daisy

Pelargonium peltatum Ivy geranium

Potentilla neumanniana, P. x tonguei Cinquefoil

Stachys byzantina Lamb’s ears

Trachelospermum jasminoides Star Jasmine

Tropaeolum spp. Nasturtium

Zoysia spp. Zoysia

Alternatives: Trailing, Rooting, Fleshy

conservation

Energy Smart

Fleshy, Rooting, Spreading Succulents

Lean & Green Landscapes alternatives

Energy Smart

Lawn Alternatives - Grasses



GrassesBotanic CommonCarex pansa Dune SedgeCarex tumulicola Foothill SedgeFescue spp. California, Blue, Golden

and RedHelictotrichon sempervirens

Blue Oat Grass

Melinus nerviglumis Ruby GrassMuhlenbergia spp. Deer Grass / Pink MuhlieNassella spp. Needle GrassPanicum spp. Switch Grass

Pennisetum spp. Fountain GrassSisyrinchium spp. Blue/Yellow Eyed GrassStipia spp. Feather GrassZoysia tenufolia Korean Grass

alternatives

Energy Smart

Mulches



1.Strip, Treat and Plant2.Herbicide, Strip and Till3.Sheet Mulch 4.Sheet and Till

Removing Turf: Four Methods

conservation

Strip, Wait, PlantRemove 2” below crown

WaterFallow for 14 days

Weed with hoes, shovels or herbicidesGradePlant

NO TILL!

Three Plant Groups

Energy Smart

Temperate Mediterranean Subtropical

Growing Season 180 - 220 Days 300 Days & Summer Rest 360 Days

Low Temp >0 - 20F >20F >32

Ideal Situation Cool & Moist Hot & Dry Warm & Humid

Water Stress and Tolerance

Winter / Summer 4 - 6 Months 1 - 2 months

Soil pH 4.5 - 6.5 6.0 - 7.8 4.5 - 6.5

Soil Type Loan & Moist Sandy / Course Sandy / Clay & Loam


Kirkham, Tim. 1989. Sustainability in Landscaping: City of Irvine. Irvine, CA

conservation

Energy Smart

Three Plant Groups


Energy Smart

Fertilizers


•5% of maintenance energy

•Nitrogen, the nutrient most needed by plants, is up to 500% more energy expensive to make than phosphorus and potassium

•Urbanized soils are not normally nutrient deficient. They are typically rich with potassium and phosphorus*

* 2010. “Chemical, Physical, and Biological Characteristics of Urban Soils.” Richard V. Pouyat, Katalin Szlavecz, Ian D. Yesilonis, Peter M. Groffman and Kirsten Schwarz.Urban Ecosystem Ecology. Edited by Jacqueline Aitkenhead-Peterson and Astrid Volder. USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Book and Multimedia Publishing. Available at http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/jrnl/2010/nrs_2010_pouyat_001.pdf.

Identifying Nutrient DeficienciesPrimary NutrientsNitrogen: Light green leafs, yellowing of older leaves, stunted, weak growth, and underdeveloped leaves. Notably, too much nitrogen can also be harmful, leading to an abundance of foliage, but not much root, flower, or fruit. The signs of nitrogen loading are dark green leaves and the rapid growth of foliage. Excess nitrogen also leads to a variety of pest infestations.

Phosphorus: Retarded and stunted growth, less fruit than usual, dark or blue/green coloration of leaves, and some plants’ leaves may begin to turn purple. Signs occur in older leaves first.

Potassium (potash): Weak stems, reduced growth of flower and fruit, and spotted and/or curled older leaves. Older leaves show the signs of deficiency first.

Secondary NutrientsCalcium: Leaves distorted, small and

spotted, and eventually die back. Signs develop in newer leaves first.

Magnesium: Chlorosis (yellowing leaves with green veins), typically spotted on older leaves first (unlike iron deficiency), and tips or margins of leafs are curled upwards.

Iron: Signs similar to those of magnesium, chlorosis (yellowing leaves with green veins), but is visible on the new growth first. Too much iron will be seen as irregular areas of dead tissue in mature leaves (necrotic).

Zinc: Not usually deficient in soils with a high organic content, but is common in those that are degraded and alkaline. Signs include spots growing between the veins of leafs and distance between leafs on stalks will shorten.

Manganese: Manganese is commonly deficient in soils with high organic content, yet alkaline. Signs include spots of dead tissue on leafs (while the veins remain green), slow growth, and yellowing of older leaves.Iron Deficient


Organic Strategy

CORE INGREDIENTSblood mealbone mealcoffee groundsleaf litterwood ashes

EASY FIX: 10-12-82 parts blood meal1 part bone meal4 parts wood ashes

NUMBERSNitrogen (foliage), phosphorus (flower/fruit), potassium (roots)

Fertilizers

Energy Smart conservationLean & Green Landscapes

Pesticides: Effects•1.1 billion pounds of pesticides are used in the U.S. yearly. •Autism, birth defects, cancer, and childhood diseases and disorders are on the rise. •Cancer is the second leading cause of death for children between 5 and 14. •Over the last 20 years cancer rates in children has grown 29%. •Asthma in children is growing and it is the most common chronic childhood disease. •More children go to emergency care facilities for asthma than any other malady.

2012. A Generation in Jeopardy: How Pesticides Are Undermining Our Children’s Health & Intelligence. Pesticide Action Network North America. October. Accessed January 22, 2013. www.panna.org/ publication/generation-in-jeopardy


AntsAphids

CutwormMealybugs

Mites/Spider MitesScale

Snails and SlugsThrips

Whiteflies

Angelica, Artemisia, berries, borage, carrots, chives, garlic, marigolds, mints, mustards, nasturtium, onions, peppers, petunias, rue, tansy, tobacco

Companion Plants


Weed Indicators

Use Weeds to Diagnose Soil Conditions

Bermuda Grass: Acidic and dryBlack Medic: High nitrogenCheeseweed (mallow): InfertileChickweed: Low fertility and slightly moistClover: Low fertility and slightly moistCrabgrass: Low to moderate fertility and dryDandelion: Acidic and slightly moistEnglish Daisy: Acidic and slightly moistFireweed: Fertile soilDock: Moist soilGroundsel: Fertile soilKnapweed: AcidicLamb’s Quarters: Fertile soil

Mullein: Acidic and low fertilityMustard: Some nitrogen, disturbed and dryNettle: Acidic and oftentimes moist Nutgrass: Acidic and moistOxalis: Acidic, fertile and slightly moistPlantains: Acidic, wet and dense soilsPennywort: Fertile and moistPrickly Lettuce: Low fertility, dry and pliablePurslane: Fertile soilScarlet Pimpernel: Slightly acidicSpotted Spurge: Slightly alkaline and dryWild Radish: Slightly acidic and low fertilityVetch: Low nitrogen


Energy Smart

Renewal: Costs and Risk Increase with Time


Per Tree Cost After 25 YearsRemove and Replant every 10 years = $2,000Remove and Replant every 25 years = $3,200

X 180 trees = $360,000 vs. $576,000, +37%

conservation

•Living foliage is at the end of the branches, instead of throughout

•The amount of living wood is less than 50 percent of the entire plant

•A bud or disease infestation is difficult to control, if possible at all

•During summer the plant drops more leaves than usual

•A plant does not, or is slow to recover from injury

•A plant that is showing any signs of decay

•Increasing liability and maintenance costs

Energy Smart

Removal Indicators


1. Much Less Water

2. Much Less Infrastructural Damage

3. Longer Lived Plants

4. Much Greater WaterHolding Capacity

Promote Wet /Dry Cycles


WateringWet / Dry


WateringIrrigation Devices


Energy Smart

Plant Group Course (sandy loam) Medium (silt) Fine (clay loam)

Shallow Rooted3 inches

.25 inches1 - 2 minutes


.5 inches8 minutes

Ground Covers6 inches


.75 inches13 minutes

1 inch60 minutes

Large Ground Covers9 inches

.75 inches12 minutes

1.25 inches25 minutes

1.5 inches1 hour and 30 minutes

Small Shrubs1.5 feet



3 inches3 hours

Large Shrubs2.25 feet



4.5 inches: 4 hours and 50 minutes

Small Trees3 feet

3 inches1 hour and 6 minutes


6.5 inches7 hours and 10 minutes

Large Trees3.75 feet




Estimating Water Requirements of Landscape Plantings: The Landscape Coefficient Method, Cooperative Extension University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Leaflet 21493. and Low Volume Landscape Irrigation Design Manual. Rain Bird Sales Inc. Contractor Division. 1999.

conservation

Watering


Energy Smart

Plant Grouppmwd

Course (sandy loam)Gallons per 200 sq ft

Medium (silt)Gallons per 200 sq ft

Fine (clay loam)Gallons per 200 sq ft

Shallow Rooted 33 50 66

Ground Covers 66 99 132

Large Ground Covers 99 165 198

Small Shrubs 198 297 396

Large Shrubs 297 446 594

Small Trees 396 594 858

Large Trees 495 743 990

Estimating Water Requirements of Landscape Plantings: The Landscape Coefficient Method, Cooperative Extension University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Leaflet 21493. and Low Volume Landscape Irrigation Design Manual. Rain Bird Sales Inc. Contractor Division. 1999.

WateringGallons of water per 200 sq. ft. per watering cycle

conservationLean & Green Landscapes

Energy Smart

Grey and Rain Water Harvesting

conservationLean & Green Landscapes

Calculating Amounts

Plumping Requirements

Receiving Landscapes

Codes and Laws

Maintenance


PaybackAnnual Economic CostsFigures are per 10,000 sq. ft. per year

FUEL WATER FERTILER LABOR MACHINEMAINTENANCE

TOTAL

TURF 55gl $192 56,480gl$147

$86 $2,608 $161 $3194

DG 9gl$32

- - - - - - - $713 $69 $813

SHRUB/GC 24gl$84

35,524gl$92

$38 $1,148 $71 $1,433

TROPICAL 22gl$78

58,750gl$153

$35 $1,069 $90 $1,425

TEMPERATE 21gl$72

38,055gl$99

$33 $991 $90 $1,285

MED. 17gl$61

15,223$40

$27 $835 $90 $1,053

conservation


Economic Payback for ConversionsFigures are per 10,000 sq. ft. per year

TOTAL SAVE CONVERSION PAYBACK

TURF $3194 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

DG $813 $2,381 $3,910 1.6 years

SHRUB/GC $1,433 $1,761 $5,750 3.3 years

TROPICAL $1,425 $1,769 $11,500 6.5 years

TEMPERATE $1,285 $1,909 $11,500 6.0 years

MED. $1,053 $2,141 $11,500 5.4 years

conservation


Erosion & Sedimentation ControlReduced Site DisturbanceResource ConservationStormwater ManagementHeat Island EffectLight Pollution Reduction

LEED Sustainable Sites

2003. LEED: Green Building Rating System For New Construction & Major Renovations (LEED-NC) Version 2.1

conservation

Two Primary Parts

2. Services / DividendsBiological Enhancement: bees, birds, butterfliesFirescapingFoodProducts: craft, medicinal, lumberPublic Health & SafetyThermal Comfort / Cool CommunitiesWaterbody Protection / Stormwater Management

services



Energy & StrategiesEnergy

Direct Return: Exceptionally resource conserving

Indirect Return:Slows/stops specie lossHelps ensure food securityImproves human wellbeing

services

Biological Enhancement: Bees, Birds, Butterflies


Energy & StrategiesStrategies

- Best Landscapes/Areas- Structural Requirements: food, shelter, water- Maintenance: minimal contact, no toxins, protect infrastructure, protect habitat

services

Biological Enhancement: Bees, Birds, Butterflies


services

Firescaping



Direct Return: Millions AffectedFight Fire: Cost BillionsRebuilding: 723 homes= 43,440 trees=950 acres of forestWaterbody Protection: Urban more prone to erosionPublic Health: Smoke exposure from Southern California’s 2003 wildfires resulted in 69 premature deaths, 778 hospitalizations, 1,431 emergency room visits, and 47,605 outpatient visits*

Douglas Kent. 2005. Firescaping: Creating fire-resistant landscapes, gardens, and properties in California’s diverse environments. Wilderness Press.*Wu J, Winer A, Delfino R. Exposure assessment of particulate matter air pollution before, during, and after the 2003 southern California wildfires. Atmos Environ, 2006; 40: 3333-3348.

services

Firescaping



- Structure First- Materials- Zone Theory

- Maintenance!Clearing, pruning, renewal

services

Food Production



Direct Return: Local Calories and Nutrition

Indirect Return:Public HealthSocial JusticeSlows Habitat Destruction

services

Food Production



- No Leafy or Root Crops- Woody Crops Where Possible: shrubs and trees- Compost and Composting- Integrated Pest Management- Food Preservation

services

Products



Direct Return: Craft, Medicinal, Structural (like lumber)

Indirect Return:Rise in local economy of arts and craftsGreenwaste ReductionsPublic Health

services

Products



- Intentional Production: plants, maintenance and renewal aimed at valuable harvests

As an example: A feasible urban timber program requires no less than 6,000 intentionally managed trees. Orange County Parks manages 17,500 trees in their regional parks.

Kent. 2010. Timber Production in Southern California. California Polytechnic University, Pomona.

services

Public Health



Direct Return: Respiratory HealthAllergiesFeelings of WellbeingReduction in CrimeImproved Roadway Safety

Indirect Return:Increase in Property Values

services

Public Health



- Reduce small engine use- Avoid allergens in dense urban areas- Reduce BVOC producing trees in dense urban areas- Integrated Pest Management- Employ restorative design practices

services

Thermal Comfort



Direct Return: Reduction in Energy UseReduction in Air PollutionIncreased Public HealthMany Strategies Will Pay for Themselves

services

Thermal Comfort


Urban Heat Island Effect (UHI)Urban temperatures can be 5° - 9°F warmer than nearby natural areas

UHI has been linked to an increase in harmful air pollutants, like low level ozone; an increase in the temperature of runoff, contributing to the degradation of waterbodies; and a rise in the use of energy as, as more buildings and cars use more air conditioning

UHI can lengthen growing season by as much as 15 days and affect landscapes 6 miles beyond a city

services

Thermal Comfort


Landscapes Help•A landscape can reduce heating and cooling costs by an average of 25%

• In hot and dry climates the savings can be as great as 50%

•The cooling affect of trees cuts energy costs to the point where they can pay for themselves in 6 to 8 years

•When shading and evapotranspiration are combined a landscape can drop summer time temperatures by up to 9°F

•An unshaded home uses 3.3 kwh of per square foot whereas a shaded home use 2

services

Thermal Comfort


Landscapes HelpWhen an entire community is shrouded in trees, it will be, on average, 6°F cooler than tree-less communities

Carbon reductions due to energy conservation are far greater than sequestration by trees

Jo, Hyun-Kil and E. Gregory McPherson. 1995. Carbon Storage and Flux in Urban Residential Greenspace. Journal

of Environmental Management, June 14, 45: 109–133.

services

Thermal Comfort



- Many Cooling / Warming Strategies- Protect Infrastructure- Constant Renewal- Biomass Utilization

services

Waterbody Protection



Direct Return: Ground Water RechargeReduced Infrastructure Costs: Lower volumes and velocitiesReduction of Scouring and Sedimentation of Waterbodies

Indirect Returns:Biological EnhancementPublic HealthHealthier Recreation Opportunities

services



Codes and LawsGreatest SupportFun and Challenging

InteractiveBest Water

Resource Contributing

Runoff is Leading Cause of Water PollutionAcidification and Nitrification Changes Habitat

Big Economic Impacts

WHY

services



Energy & StrategiesStrategies- Slow- Stop- Screen / Clean

services



SLOWSurfacesGround PlaneVegetation

services



STOPAbove GroundBelow Ground

services



SCREEN/CLEANScreen: MechanicalClean: Biological

future

Commercial Customers, General Audience


February 26: Passive Strategies for Thermal Comfort

May 14: Promoting Biological Diversity—Bees, Birds and Butterflies

July 23: The Business of Managing a California Friendly Landscape

October 22: The Essentials of Grey and Rain Water Capture

future

Hands On Training Seminars


March 11: Everything PlantsApril 15: Growing FoodJune 10: Cooling Structures and CommunitiesAug 12: FirescapingSeptember 9: Public HealthNovember 18: Ocean Friendly GardensDecember 9: Grey and Rain Water Harvesting

Energy Smart review

Review


1. Energy Water Nexus Linked, Big Costs & Impacts

2. ApproachBe Specific

3. ConservationWoven Throughout

4. ServicesSeek Dividends

A sustainable future is a better future and that’s what we sell

Energy Smart Lean & Green Landscapes conclusion

ENERGY SMARTDesign and Maintenance Strategies for Leaner and Greener Landscapes

THANK YOU

THANK YOU!Douglas Kent & AssociatesEcological Land Management Douglas Kent MS, MLAOrange, CA714.308‐[email protected]

Documents

ENERGY SMART Douglas Kent · Calcium: Leaves distorted, small and spotted, and eventually die back. Signs develop in newer leaves first. Magnesium: Chlorosis (yellowing leaves with