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ENERGY SECTOR in the Republic of Macedonia SURVEY. Prof. d-r Konstantin Dimitrov University of Sts Kiril and Metodij – Skopje Macedonian Center for Energy Efficiency. 25713 km 2 2.1 million inhabitants energy supply is based 50% on domestic fossil fuel and hydropower - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007
ENERGY SECTOR
in the Republic of MacedoniaSURVEY
Prof. d-r Konstantin DimitrovUniversity of Sts Kiril and Metodij – SkopjeMacedonian Center for Energy Efficiency
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Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007
• 25713 km2 • 2.1 million inhabitants • energy supply is based 50% on domestic fossil
fuel and hydropower • 50% on the import of liquid fuel and coal • gross energy demand is approximately 115 000 TJ • 55 GJ per capita • 587 M€ for imported fuel
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Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007
Energy Demand
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Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007
Electricity production
2005 2006 2007
Electrical energy GWh 8100 8400 9700
Production GWh 6500 6500 6800
Import GWh 1662 1900 2990
Distribution- Low voltage consumers
GWh 4900 4700 4900
Losses GWh 1000 1370 1523
Natural gas m3 million
77 82 113
Import expenditure € 308 450 587
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Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007
Basic energy data
Coal production 7.2 MtonThermal Power Plants 1010 MWHydro Power Plants 515 MW5 district heating system total capacity 600 MWNatural gas 60-80 Mm3 /a (800 Mm3 capacity)No indigenous oil reserves Consumption of oil derivatives 800 000 t/aFirewood participate in energy balance with 7 %Four regions with geothermal energy
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Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007
Challenges and strategies to improve energy market
performanceDrafting new Energy strategy
Power system - new plants
Gas sector - extension and urban gasification
Oil sector – quality harmonized with EU standards
Coal sector - to develop mines
Energy efficiency - large potential for energy
savings
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Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007
Energy pricing
• Prices are set in accordance with the Methodology for Pricing
• The prices of energy may be changed if the supervised costs shall be changed at least for 5%
• Most prices are determined freely• There are no subsidies in the tariffs • There are partly cross-subsidies in electricity tariffs • No social or other subsidies directed to the consumers • No taxes applied on energy consumption and
emissions• There are serious consumer non-payment problems
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Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007
Energy Poverty
Poverty definition?
"Poverty is like a disease, it comes when not expected and without our fault. As the sick person hopes to get better, the poor person is dreaming of a rich-set table. But my dream will hardly ever become a reality", Macedonian from urban area.
“Poverty is when you see that there is no hope that at least your children would be better-off”. Turk, Skopje
“Poverty is when you live on temporary loans”. Albanian, Gostivar
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Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007
Energy Poverty definition
Energy poverty implies an inability meet the physiological energy needs – for example for heating, cooking or lighting - of householders with the available resources of the household.
The most basic definitions of energy poverty specify a resource threshold, in terms of a maximum acceptable proportion of household income devoted to energy consumption.
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Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007
In Scotland, energy poverty is defined as the level at which a household would need to spend 10% or more of its income on all fuel use and to heat the home to an adequate standard of warmth. This is defined, in accordance with World Health Organization recommendations, as 21°C in the living room and 18°C in other lived-in rooms in the house.
Importantly, the definition focuses on what a household would need to pay, rather than what it actually pays, to maintain adequate warmth.
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Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007
Income average to 61 158 to 122 316 to 183 474 to 244 632
Used funds 302 702 48 420 97 959 154 224 213 790
Food 122 765 29930 55829 80047 102045
Fuel and light 23 905 4672 10754 16610 21914
% 7.90 9.65 10.98 10.77 10.25
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Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007
to 305 790to 366
948to 428
106 to 489 264 to 550 422 over 550 423
273968 334648 396820 455744 517710 809922
124335 140932 158570 179552 195575 219336
24340 27340 29307 33818 36325 39642
8.88 8.17 7.39 7.42 7.02 4.89
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Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007
Energy Efficiency Tool to Cope Energy Poverty
• Long-term process • To define measures which will mitigate “energy
poverty” • Demand side weatherization of the older/social
buildings • No real conditions for financing private households • Creative solution performance contracting with
ESCOs• Win-Win situations could be, using micro-credit to
finance improved energy technologies for income-generation by the poor etc.
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Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007
To realization this challenge
• Action Plan for performing and implementation of EE measures from legislative/ normative and technical aspect
• Measures, on the side of energy production
• Measures taken on the demand side
• Intensive engagement of specialized, trained experts
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Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007Fourth Poverty Reduction Strategies Forum, Athens 2007
Personal recommendationinstead of Thank you for your attention