Energy Producing Energy Producing RegionsRegions

Coal was the first fossil fuel that was used Coal was the first fossil fuel that was used in mass quantity.in mass quantity.

It was primarily used during the Industrial It was primarily used during the Industrial revolution to create steam.revolution to create steam.

Coal, oil, and natural gas make up Coal, oil, and natural gas make up fossil fuels.fossil fuels.

Fossil fuels are the Fossil fuels are the remains of plants remains of plants and animals which transformed over and animals which transformed over millions of yearsmillions of years..

Fossil fuels are Fossil fuels are NON-RENEWABLENON-RENEWABLE. .

Energy Use Around the Energy Use Around the WorldWorld

The The world’s population is using the world’s population is using the earth’s resources at a very quick rateearth’s resources at a very quick rate..

However, not all of the earth’s resources are However, not all of the earth’s resources are renewable.renewable.

Everything in society is affected by the Everything in society is affected by the cost and availability of energy.cost and availability of energy.

Countries that have abundant energy Countries that have abundant energy resources are usually very wealthyresources are usually very wealthy. .

Non-renewable Energy SourcesNon-renewable Energy SourcesFossil fuelsFossil fuels Consists of coal, oil, natural gasConsists of coal, oil, natural gas These energy sources took millions of years These energy sources took millions of years

to create.to create. 85% of all energy used all over the world 85% of all energy used all over the world

comes from fossil fuels.comes from fossil fuels. The fossil fuel industry affects every other The fossil fuel industry affects every other

industry all over the world (industry all over the world (automotive/car automotive/car industry etc.industry etc.).).

Nuclear Nuclear EnergyEnergy

In this process technicians produce In this process technicians produce nuclear reactionsnuclear reactions such as such as fissionfission..

Fission produces heatFission produces heat. This heat is then . This heat is then used in the production of used in the production of steamsteam..

Nuclear energy is Nuclear energy is cleanclean and allows areas and allows areas that do not have geothermal activity to that do not have geothermal activity to use steam power.use steam power.

Produces Produces radioactive wasteradioactive waste. Which is . Which is hard to dispose of. hard to dispose of.

Plants could have a meltdown (Chernobyl).Plants could have a meltdown (Chernobyl).

Spent fuel pool at the top of Spent fuel pool at the top of a nuclear reactora nuclear reactor

What would happen if this What would happen if this nuclear plant had a meltdown?nuclear plant had a meltdown?

Renewable Energy SourcesRenewable Energy Sources As the name suggests these sources of As the name suggests these sources of

energy can be energy can be replenishedreplenished (fill up again) (fill up again) on a regular basis.on a regular basis.

It is important to understand that these It is important to understand that these energy sources have an impact on the energy sources have an impact on the environment as well.environment as well.

Ex: flooding for an electric damEx: flooding for an electric dam

Wind PowerWind Power Wind turbines Wind turbines convert (change)convert (change) wind wind

energy into electricityenergy into electricity.. The turbines take up very The turbines take up very little spacelittle space

and and do not make much noisedo not make much noise.. However, people do complain that they However, people do complain that they

are an eyesore.are an eyesore. Only Only very windy areasvery windy areas can benefit from can benefit from

this source of energy, ex: Denmark. this source of energy, ex: Denmark.

The watt is a derived unit of power in the International System of Units (SI), named after the Scottish engineer James Watt (1736–1819). The unit, defined as one joule per second, measures the rate of energy conversion or transfer.The megawatt is equal to one million (106) watts.

Geothermal Geothermal EnergyEnergy

Geothermal energy comes from heat Geothermal energy comes from heat stored deep beneath the Earth’s surface.stored deep beneath the Earth’s surface.

Geysers are a source of Geothermal Geysers are a source of Geothermal energy.energy.

Water produced from the steam can be Water produced from the steam can be re-injected into the earth to produce re-injected into the earth to produce more steam.more steam.

Geothermal sites are not permanent. The Geothermal sites are not permanent. The energy at a particular site will eventually energy at a particular site will eventually run out.run out.

Geothermal energy is created using heat from the Earth's core. Geothermal energy is created using heat from the Earth's core.

1. The Earth's hot core creates magma and heats the Earth's crust 1. The Earth's hot core creates magma and heats the Earth's crust which is made up of rocks and water.which is made up of rocks and water.2. A well drilled two miles deep into the Earth's surface captures the 2. A well drilled two miles deep into the Earth's surface captures the rising hot water and steam.rising hot water and steam.3. The hot steam rises to the surface and pushes a turbine, which 3. The hot steam rises to the surface and pushes a turbine, which rotates a generator.rotates a generator.3. Generator produces electricity and sends it to power lines, which 3. Generator produces electricity and sends it to power lines, which bring electricity to homes and businesses.bring electricity to homes and businesses.

Geothermal Energy in Geothermal Energy in CanadaCanada

Solar Solar PowerPower

HeatHeat energy produced by the sun energy produced by the sun is is absorbed and turned into electricity.absorbed and turned into electricity.

Sun tracking mirrors or solar cells Sun tracking mirrors or solar cells absorb the sun's light.absorb the sun's light.

A transformer will convert the light/heat into A transformer will convert the light/heat into electricity. electricity.

Solar energy requires Solar energy requires large amounts of large amounts of spacespace . .

People could use this technology to provide People could use this technology to provide electricity to a house or a traffic sign. Both electricity to a house or a traffic sign. Both are small scale examples.are small scale examples.

Hydro PowerHydro Power This is electricity produced by This is electricity produced by water.water.

Water Water pressurepressure created by dam or incline created by dam or incline will will turn a turbineturn a turbine which will allow a which will allow a generator generator to produce electricity.to produce electricity.

Produces Produces no greenhouse gasesno greenhouse gases..

Building dams cause major Building dams cause major environmental damages.environmental damages.

Damage to transmission Damage to transmission cables cables

Ethanol FuelEthanol Fuel Ethanol is a clean burning fuel that is Ethanol is a clean burning fuel that is

used as an alternative to gasoline.used as an alternative to gasoline. Ethanol is an alcohol.Ethanol is an alcohol. Ethanol can be extracted from many Ethanol can be extracted from many

sources. The most common are sugar sources. The most common are sugar cane and corn.cane and corn.

E85 Filling Stations in the United E85 Filling Stations in the United StatesStates

E85, sometimes called flex fuel, is an alternative fuel that E85, sometimes called flex fuel, is an alternative fuel that can be used in many of today's non-hybrid cars. One of can be used in many of today's non-hybrid cars. One of the main benefits of E85 is that it is much more the main benefits of E85 is that it is much more environmentally-friendly than gasoline. Another prominent environmentally-friendly than gasoline. Another prominent benefit is that E85 comes from renewable energy sources; benefit is that E85 comes from renewable energy sources; E85 can be produced from corn, grains, sugarcane and E85 can be produced from corn, grains, sugarcane and even potatoes.even potatoes.

E85 Filling Station FactsE85 Filling Station Facts If you have a flex-fuel capable vehicle, you may have If you have a flex-fuel capable vehicle, you may have

discovered that finding a filling station that sells E85 can discovered that finding a filling station that sells E85 can be difficult. According to the 7/17/2008 update on the U.S. be difficult. According to the 7/17/2008 update on the U.S. Department of Energy Energy Efficiency and Renewable Department of Energy Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy website, there are currently 1,519 filling stations Energy website, there are currently 1,519 filling stations in the United States that dispense E85 fuel.in the United States that dispense E85 fuel.

Tidal EnergyTidal Energy Tidal energy Tidal energy harnesses the power of wavesharnesses the power of waves..

Waves Waves turn propellersturn propellers (called tide mills) that (called tide mills) that are underwater, which turn a turbine.are underwater, which turn a turbine.

The The turbine then produces electricityturbine then produces electricity..

Primarily used in Primarily used in Italy and AustraliaItaly and Australia, there , there are markets in other countries, Canada is one are markets in other countries, Canada is one of them.of them.

BiomassBiomass Biomass is Biomass is living or recently dead biological living or recently dead biological

materialmaterial..

Biomass could be; Biomass could be; plant material, animal plant material, animal byproducts*byproducts* ((Something produced in the making of Something produced in the making of something else; A secondary result; a side effect) something else; A secondary result; a side effect) and waste, wood, etcand waste, wood, etc..

Biomass is Biomass is burnedburned for energy. for energy.

Although burning does contribute to high pollution Although burning does contribute to high pollution levels, it is all natural so it is levels, it is all natural so it is less dangerous than less dangerous than fossil fuelsfossil fuels. .

ResidueResidue: A small amount of something that : A small amount of something that remains after the main part has gone or been remains after the main part has gone or been taken or usedtaken or used

Hydrogen Fuel Hydrogen Fuel CellsCells

Fuel cells create an electrical reaction Fuel cells create an electrical reaction using different chemicals.using different chemicals.

These chemicals produce an electrical These chemicals produce an electrical reaction, which produces usable energy.reaction, which produces usable energy.

Fuel cells can operate continuously or Fuel cells can operate continuously or until the reaction is broken.until the reaction is broken.

Hydrogen fuel cells could run on water Hydrogen fuel cells could run on water and oxygen. and oxygen.

Still in the experimental stages. Still in the experimental stages.

Where is Energy Produced? Where is Energy Produced? Many countries have the ability to produce Many countries have the ability to produce

energy, it is the type and quantity that varies.energy, it is the type and quantity that varies. Countries that Countries that produce much energy are produce much energy are

said to have a surplussaid to have a surplus.. Countries that use Countries that use more then they produce more then they produce

have a deficit have a deficit ((shortage – scarcity).shortage – scarcity). Deficit countries depend on surplus Deficit countries depend on surplus (to (to

have extra)have extra) countries countries in order to meet their in order to meet their needsneeds

The price of energy affects The price of energy affects everything in societyeverything in society..

Countries that rely on energy import and Countries that rely on energy import and export understand this.export understand this.

In recent years energy prices have been In recent years energy prices have been increasing.increasing.

The The organization responsible for organization responsible for rising oil prices is OPECrising oil prices is OPEC, created in , created in 1960 (Organization of Petroleum 1960 (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) Exporting Countries)

Energy Demands Around the Energy Demands Around the WorldWorld

Western Europe, Asia, and North Western Europe, Asia, and North America use most of the world’s America use most of the world’s energyenergy..

Specifically, the USA uses 25% of all Specifically, the USA uses 25% of all energy produced.energy produced.

Countries that use more energy than they Countries that use more energy than they produce have a low autonomy.produce have a low autonomy.

Autonomy is a comparison of energy Autonomy is a comparison of energy produced to energy used. produced to energy used.

Top 10 Oil Reserve Top 10 Oil Reserve CountriesCountries

OPEC MemberOPEC Member

What is oil?What is oil? Oil is a natural resource formed from the Oil is a natural resource formed from the

remains of prehistoric plants and animals remains of prehistoric plants and animals deposited in sedimentary rocks millions of deposited in sedimentary rocks millions of years ago. years ago.

Subjected to intense pressure and heat over Subjected to intense pressure and heat over millions of years, these deposits went through millions of years, these deposits went through complex chemical changes and eventually complex chemical changes and eventually formed the substance we call crude oil.formed the substance we call crude oil.

What do we use oil for?What do we use oil for? The development of the internal combustion The development of the internal combustion

engine in the early part of the 20th century engine in the early part of the 20th century provided a worldwide demand for oil.provided a worldwide demand for oil.

Crude oil is refined and, in addition to fuel for Crude oil is refined and, in addition to fuel for cars, airplanes and other machines, its cars, airplanes and other machines, its elements are used in the production of a wide elements are used in the production of a wide range of products including plastics, vitamins range of products including plastics, vitamins and additives, cleaning products and inkand additives, cleaning products and ink

Where is oil found? Where is oil found? The highest producing The highest producing countries in the world countries in the world are (millions of barrels are (millions of barrels

per day):per day):

Energy Producing Region: Energy Producing Region: AlbertaAlberta

Alberta became a province of Canada Alberta became a province of Canada in 1905in 1905..

It’s capital is Edmonton and it’s largest It’s capital is Edmonton and it’s largest city is Calgary.city is Calgary.

In recent years Alberta has become In recent years Alberta has become Canada’s wealthiest provinceCanada’s wealthiest province..

This is due to it’s This is due to it’s large oil sand, oil, large oil sand, oil, and natural gas deposits. and natural gas deposits.

Alberta’s reserves are the largest in Alberta’s reserves are the largest in the worldthe world. .

Alberta has Alberta has 65% of Canada’s oil and 80% of 65% of Canada’s oil and 80% of our natural gasour natural gas..

Unfortunately, these reserves are Unfortunately, these reserves are depleting depleting (running(running out)out)..

However, Alberta has enough However, Alberta has enough Bituminous Sand Bituminous Sand to meet world oil needs for the next to meet world oil needs for the next centurycentury (100 years)(100 years)..

Bituminous Sand is Bituminous Sand is sand that has been mixed sand that has been mixed with water and bitumenwith water and bitumen (heavy oil)(heavy oil)..

Where are the oil sands Where are the oil sands located?located?

There are three major oil sand deposits in There are three major oil sand deposits in Alberta.Alberta.

Only major companies have been given Only major companies have been given concessions concessions (a thing that is (a thing that is granted)granted) by by the government to mine the oil sandsthe government to mine the oil sands..

Concessions are grants of land given to Concessions are grants of land given to companies for a certain period of timecompanies for a certain period of time. .

Oil Sands Beneath the Oil Sands Beneath the Forest Forest

Most of the oil sands are located beneath Most of the oil sands are located beneath forested areas.forested areas.

Mines require large sections of forest to Mines require large sections of forest to be cleared away.be cleared away.

This causes the destruction of homes for This causes the destruction of homes for plants, animals, and aboriginal plants, animals, and aboriginal communities.communities.

It destroys fragile ecosystems and natural It destroys fragile ecosystems and natural water filters. water filters.

PipelinesPipelines Pipelines transport oil and natural gas.Pipelines transport oil and natural gas. Pipelines stretch all over Canada and into Pipelines stretch all over Canada and into

the U.S. the U.S. However, to pass a pipeline large tracts However, to pass a pipeline large tracts

of forests and farmland must be cleared.of forests and farmland must be cleared. Animal food sources are lost.Animal food sources are lost. Trenches must be dug and ecosystems Trenches must be dug and ecosystems

and native areas are destroyed.and native areas are destroyed.

Alberta: Energy AutonomyAlberta: Energy Autonomy Alberta is Canada’s leading fossil fuels Alberta is Canada’s leading fossil fuels

producer. It only uses about 25% of all it producer. It only uses about 25% of all it produces. produces. (SURPLUS!) (SURPLUS!)

Alberta exports over 75% of its oil and Alberta exports over 75% of its oil and gas.gas.

The biggest consumer of Alberta’s oil is The biggest consumer of Alberta’s oil is the US.the US.

In recent years China has been buying In recent years China has been buying increasingly larger amounts. increasingly larger amounts.

Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages and Disadvantages of Selling Oil Sandsof Selling Oil Sands

AdvantagesAdvantages Alberta government has paid off the Alberta government has paid off the

province’s debt.province’s debt. Has reduced income tax and abolished their Has reduced income tax and abolished their

sales tax.sales tax.DisadvantagesDisadvantages Growing cities makes housing difficult to findGrowing cities makes housing difficult to find Destruction of native land and forestsDestruction of native land and forests Contribution to global warmingContribution to global warming

Depletion of Fossil FuelsDepletion of Fossil Fuels Every year the demand for fossil fuels Every year the demand for fossil fuels

increases.increases. Many of the Many of the conventional (traditional) conventional (traditional)

reserves are becoming depleted reserves are becoming depleted (running out).(running out).

It is this It is this depletion that has put Alberta depletion that has put Alberta in a very wealthy positionin a very wealthy position..

This also means that areas must find new This also means that areas must find new energy sources. energy sources.

Oil Sands: ConsequencesOil Sands: Consequences1) Global Warming1) Global Warming When Fossil fuels are burnt they emit When Fossil fuels are burnt they emit

greenhouse gassesgreenhouse gasses.. These gasses These gasses surround the planet and surround the planet and

they absorb the sun’s energythey absorb the sun’s energy. This . This raises the earth’s temperature.raises the earth’s temperature.

It is this It is this layer of gas that is increasing layer of gas that is increasing the rate of global warmingthe rate of global warming. .

2) Concerned populations2) Concerned populations People living close to refineries, pipelines, People living close to refineries, pipelines,

and mines have the threat of and mines have the threat of environment damageenvironment damage..

Furthermore, there are major Furthermore, there are major health health concernsconcerns for these people. for these people.

Citizens are Citizens are demanding increased demanding increased safety measuressafety measures from these companies. from these companies.

3) Aboriginal peoples3) Aboriginal peoples Native lands that were traditional Native lands that were traditional

hunting, trapping, and burial grounds are hunting, trapping, and burial grounds are being destroyed.being destroyed.

These communities are putting pressure These communities are putting pressure on governments to retrieve their lands.on governments to retrieve their lands.

They also would like a share of the profits They also would like a share of the profits made and employment in developing made and employment in developing these resources. these resources.

4) Rivers loosing water 4) Rivers loosing water Oil sands require large amounts of water Oil sands require large amounts of water

to be developed.to be developed. Water is used to clean equipment and Water is used to clean equipment and

dilute chemicals from the oil extraction dilute chemicals from the oil extraction process.process.

This waste water is held in holding ponds.This waste water is held in holding ponds. Many residents fear that this very Many residents fear that this very

polluted water will end up in their wells.polluted water will end up in their wells.

5) Air Pollution5) Air Pollution The transformation of bitumen into crude The transformation of bitumen into crude

oil emits toxic gases.oil emits toxic gases. These gases turn water and soil acidic These gases turn water and soil acidic

and they increase the risk of drought and and they increase the risk of drought and forest fires.forest fires.

The extraction of bitumen releases The extraction of bitumen releases double the amount of greenhouse gases double the amount of greenhouse gases than conventional oil wells.than conventional oil wells.

In recent years Canada has committed to In recent years Canada has committed to reducing its gas emissionsreducing its gas emissions

6) Destruction of forests and wetlands6) Destruction of forests and wetlands Large areas of forests and wetlands have Large areas of forests and wetlands have

been destroyed.been destroyed. Plants and animals have lost their Plants and animals have lost their

habitats.habitats. Today companies have to reforest the Today companies have to reforest the

areas they destroy.areas they destroy. However, wetlands cannot be restored However, wetlands cannot be restored

after they have been destroyed.after they have been destroyed.

7) Growing cities7) Growing cities As the popularity of oil sand mining grows As the popularity of oil sand mining grows

more people are moving to Alberta.more people are moving to Alberta. This means that cities and towns will This means that cities and towns will

grow.grow. More jobs will be created to meet the More jobs will be created to meet the

service needs of a growing population.service needs of a growing population. With more jobs created more labour is With more jobs created more labour is

needed.needed.

8) Depletion and overuse8) Depletion and overuse With increased energy demands around With increased energy demands around

the world there is always the threat of the world there is always the threat of over mining.over mining.

Alberta may not be able to mine as much Alberta may not be able to mine as much oil as needed.oil as needed.

This may be due to government and This may be due to government and international laws, recession, public international laws, recession, public protest, etc.protest, etc.

Alberta must monitor its resources Alberta must monitor its resources carefully.carefully.

9) Need for Renewable Energy9) Need for Renewable Energy As more oil is mined governments and As more oil is mined governments and

energy companies must find new sources energy companies must find new sources of energy.of energy.

International obligations (Kyoto) force International obligations (Kyoto) force governments to reduce their greenhouse governments to reduce their greenhouse gases.gases.

Therefore, as more oil is mined, there is Therefore, as more oil is mined, there is an increase in renewable energy an increase in renewable energy research.research.