ENERGY INVESTMENT PRODUCTION and TRADE INC Bozüyük Wind

İNEGÖL ENERGY INVESTMENT PRODUCTION and TRADE INC. Bozüyük Wind Power Plant Project

(20 turbines, project total capacity 92.5 MWm/90 MWe [11x(5.3 MWm/5.2 MWe) + 7x(3.8 MWm/3.6 MWe) + 2x(3.8 MWm/3, 8 MWe) capacity turbine)

Bilecik, Bozüyük-TURKEY

Prof. Dr. EBUBEKİR GÜNDOĞDU

BURSA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF FORESTRY Department of Wildlife

2021

Ornithological Monitoring Report-Spring

DEGOL ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING COMPANY (DEGOL ÇEVRE MÜH. MÜŞ. TİC. LTD. ŞTİ.)

Tel: +90 312 479 57 11 Faks: +90 312 479 57 11 KEP: [email protected]

E-Mail: [email protected] – [email protected] web: www.degol.com.tr

BOZÜYÜK WPP-Spring 2021

Prof. Dr. Ebubekir GÜNDOĞDU Bird Monitoring Raporu

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

PROJECT

MATERIAL and METHOD

RESULTS

Migrations and Transit Routes in the Project Area

Project Site Monitoring Data

REFERENCES

CONCLUSION

Monitored Target Species

Breeding Status

Terms of Contract and Status

IUCN

BERN

CITES

Hunting Commission of Turkey 2020-2021

Migration Status

The Direct Impacts of WPP on Birds

Habitat Loss and Degradation

Barrier Effect and Impact

Disturbance and Displacement

Protected Areas

Cumulative Area (with other WPP) Assessment

CV (PROJECT TEAM)

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INTRODUCTION

Turkey, which is geographically located at the meeting point of the large continental plates, is

also on the border of the Eastern and Western Palearctic regions, which are biogeographic units

determined according to the distribution of birds, causing different bird species to enter Turkey



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in different ways and disperse. On the other hand, Turkey is in the position of a "highway" for

migratory species, as it is surrounded by formidable obstacles such as the Caucasus Mountains

and the Caspian Sea to the east, on the border of the Western Palearctic region, and creates the

most direct land link between Europe, Asia and Africa from north to south. As a result of the

combined effect of these factors, Turkey's avifauna has an extremely high priority diversity

within its latitude.

About the Turkish avifauna; Turan (1990) 421, Çanakçıoğlu and Mol (1996) 418, Kasparek

and Bilgin (1996) reported 450 bird species. On the other hand, Baran and Yılmaz (1984)

reported that the number of regularly seen species was only 376, while Barış (1989) reported

that 371. Kirwan et al. (1998) stated that there are 453 bird species in Turkey, and the number

could rise to 465 by adding 12 more to these species. Again, according to Barış (2000), it is

accepted that there are 453 bird species from 67 families in Turkey, 394 of which are seen

regularly and 304 species are breeding. According to Bilgin (2000), Turkey's bird existence

consists of 454 species belonging to 70 families, including recently extinct ones. Of these, about

80 are considered accidental species because they have been sporadically or only sporadically

seen so far. Some of these species reach Turkey from Siberia, some from Africa, and some from

North America. The findings reveal that Turkey is a moderately rich temperate zone avifauna

with a large number of species. It is estimated that there are approximately 486 bird species in

our country, with new species added in recent years.

In order to meet the ever-increasing energy demand, all resources have been used increasingly.

Among these, there are types of energy that are harmful to the environment or that are

environmentally friendly due to their end products. One of the forms of energy production,

which is considered environmentally friendly, is the generation of wind energy through wind

turbines, which is one of the fields where different branches of engineering are applied together.

Turkey is in an advantageous position from many countries in this respect. The number of wind

turbines in Turkey, which is claimed to have no disadvantages other than establishment costs,

is increasing day by day. In addition, the contribution of wind turbines in providing

environmentally friendly and economical energy is very important. However, the data we have

shows that these power plants are not perfect in every respect. For example, the noise emitted



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by turbines during operation is quite high. However, the power plants, which are very disturbed

by the noise at first, can be made quite silent due to the advances in technology.

In terms of resources, as of 2019, 87% of the Electricity Energy produced in Turkey was

produced by Coal (35.61%), Hydroelectric (30.00%) and Natural Gas (21.20%) Power Plants.

Therefore, only 13% is produced from renewable resources (Source: Electricity Production

Report 2019, TESPAM).

Relatively high collision rates have been noted in some large and improperly located wind farms

in areas with high bird concentrations, particularly in areas with large predators or other soaring

larks on migration routes. Besides turbines, power lines and associated infrastructure also create

a significant collision risk for many large migratory birds (swans, ducks, predators, etc.),

especially if they are located along flight paths or near assembly areas such as wetlands.

According to a study carried out by the "National Wind Coordinating Committee" in the USA

in 2001, the number of birds killed by hitting 15,000 turbines installed in the USA at that time

is 33 thousand in a year. This equates to just over 2 birds per turbine per year. It is estimated

that the number of birds that died as a result of car crashes in the USA on the same date was

between 60 and 80 million. Another study supporting the result in the USA was conducted in

Spain. In a study conducted in the Navara region of the country, the rate of birds dying by

hitting 692 turbines in the region was 0.13 per turbine per year.

Today, in most countries, the permissions for the establishment of WPP sites are based on

annual observation reports in the areas where the power plants will be established, and its

adequacy is questioned (Jana and Pogacnik, 2008). Namely, the most comprehensive WPP

project in the history of the United States (USA) began to be established in the state of Altamont

in 1982, and 7340 turbines were built in 5 years. The remarkable point is that some of the wind

10 turbines are installed on the migration route, which is used extensively by raptors. In this

context, the study published by Orloff and Flannery in 1992 is the first scientific study to

address bird deaths caused by WPPs. In the observations made on 1169 of 7340 turbines over

2 years, raptor species were mentioned and other species were evaluated only through statistics.

As a result of observation and statistical studies, it was determined that 40 Golden Eagles

(Aquila chrysaetos) and hundreds of individuals from other predators died. Due to the deaths

of these identified bird species, a national WPP coordinator institution was established in the



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USA in order to minimize the negative effects of WPPs on bird species and to operate in a safe

and controlled manner. According to the study that the established institution commissioned in

all WPPs (Total 15,000 WPPs) operating in the country in 2001 (Dooling and Lohr 2001), it

was stated that a total of 33,000 birds died from WPP sites. On the other hand, they reported in

their studies that 500 million died as a result of collisions with glass-covered structures, 174

million died due to high voltage lines, 70 million died as a result of vehicle collisions, and 27

million died due to communication lines.

During the migration of birds, flight altitude varies depending on factors such as whether the

air is open or closed, wind direction and speed, atmospheric pressure and landforms. Generally,

small birds fly low and large birds fly high. This altitude varies between 100 m and 10000 m.

For example, spoonbill ducks fly from a height of 3900-4000 m, and geese fly from an altitude

of 10000 m when crossing the Himalayas. Tahtali prefers an altitude of 2400 m, Ekin Crow

2500 m and Turna 4300 m for migration. The bird, which was detected at an altitude of 12000

m during migration and holds the height record, is the Rüppell Vulture living in Africa. Birds'

visibility also increases in direct proportion to the flight altitude. The theoretical visibility of a

flying bird in the open air is 42 km at an altitude of 100 m. When you go to an altitude of 1000

m, this distance increases up to 113 km.

The flight speeds of migratory birds during migration are formulated by comparing them with

the speeds of vehicles such as cars, airplanes, and helicopters traveling in parallel at the same

time following them, and associating them with various angular values. In order to calculate

the flight speed of migratory birds and the length of their migration path, it is necessary to know

the exact places of hatching and wintering. Radar observations have generally shown that the

speed of most birds varies between 30 and 70 km/h as they pass over land. The record in this

regard belongs to a sandpiper in 1942, which the observer found on a glider traveling at a speed

of 150 km/h, was traveling at 180 km/h.



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Migration Height of the Birds

PROJECT AREA

Within the scope of the project, İnegöl Energy Investment Production and Trade. Inc. by

Bozüyük WPP (Wind Power Plant) 20 turbines, project total capacity 92.5 MWm/90 MWe

[11x(5.3 MWm/5.2 MWe) + 7x(3.8 MWm/3.6 MWe) + 2x (3.8 MWm/3.8 MWe) turbine is

planned. The Turbines and Switchgear center that is planned to be established is generally

located in the clearing of the forest. The altitude of the license area of the power plant varies

between 1200-1800 meters on average. The region has the feature of a high hill compared to its

surroundings.



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After the EIA Positive Decision in the project, three formulation changes were made during the

process:

1- With the first revision, the number of turbines was reduced from 48 to 30 within the same

EIA area and as a result of the efficiency increase in the new turbines, the installed power of

the project increased from 90MWm/90MWe to 96MWm/90MWe [30x(3.2 MWm/3.0). MWe)]

was evaluated within the scope of subparagraph (d) of Article 24 of the EIA Regulation and

was approved with the letter of the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization dated 28.03.2019

and numbered 48331039-220.01-E.67900.

2- With the second revision, 30 turbines planned to be installed will be reduced to 18 turbines

and the total installed power from 96 MWm/90MWe will be revised to 95.4 MWm/90MWe

[18x3.2 MWm/3.0MWe]. Ministry of Environment and Urbanization 29.11.2019 It was

approved with the letter dated 48331039-220.01-E.281109.

3- By increasing the 18 turbines planned to be installed with the third revision to 20 turbines,

the total installed power of 96 MWm/90MWe is 92.5 MWm/90 MWe [11x(5.3 MWm/5.2

MWe) + 7x(3.8 MWm/3), 6 MWe) + 2x(3.8 MWm/3.8 MWe)] was approved with the letter of

the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization dated 11.03.2020 and numbered 48331039-

220.01-E.62526.

In the meantime, there has been a change of activity owner in the project. The former owner of

the project, Çekme Enerji Yatırım Üretim ve Tic. Inc. while the new owner; İnebolu Energy

Investment Production and Trade. Inc. has been. Regarding the suitability of the Project Owner

change for the EIA Decision, the letter of the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization dated

29.05.2020 and numbered 42903529-220.01.E.3476 was received.

Bozüyük WPP site is located on a high hilly land between Safa, Kozpınar, Camiliyayla,

Ormangüzle, Erikli, Muratdere, Delielmacık and Çamyayla villages of Bilecik province

Bozüyük district. The areas where wind turbines will be installed mostly consist of clearings in

forests and coniferous forests in places. There is no agricultural land in the site. There is no

residential area in the site. Although forest areas and the surrounding habitat structure are

nesting areas for some songbird species, there are alternative habitats for birds since the project



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area has a similar ecosystem. Apart from the project area, mostly forest lands stand out in the

region. Settlements are scattered around the project area. The region has a fairly uniform habitat

structure and the vegetation on the habitat does not show much variation.

Bozüyük WPP TURBINE COORDINATE

Turbine Number

Turbine Coordinate (ED50-27-6) HUB

Height(m)

Rotor Diameter

(m) Y X

T1 5,3 MWm / 5,2 Mwe 735503,00 4414966,00 121 158

T2 5,3 MWm / 5,2 Mwe 735941,00 4414944,00 121 158

T3 5,3 MWm / 5,2 Mwe 736309,00 4415059,00 121 158

T4 5,3 MWm / 5,2 Mwe 736723,00 4415084,00 121 158

T5 5,3 MWm / 5,2 Mwe 735480,00 4413643,00 121 158

T6 5,3 MWm / 5,2 Mwe 735973,00 4413767,00 121 158

T7 5,3 MWm / 5,2 Mwe 736516,00 4413686,00 121 158

T8 3,8 MWm / 3,6 MWe 742593,00 4417142,00 110 130

T9 3,8 MWm / 3,6 MWe 743093,00 4417029,00 110 130

T10 3,8 MWm / 3,6 MWe 743634,00 4416927,00 110 130

T11 3,8 MWm / 3,6 MWe 744102,00 4416892,00 110 130

T12 3,8 MWm / 3,6 MWe 744919,25 4417158,38 110 130

T13 3,8 MWm / 3,6 MWe 745540,61 4417260,06 110 130

T14 3,8 MWm / 3,6 MWe 745863,00 4417500,00 110 130

T15 5,3 MWm / 5,2 Mwe 746749,00 4416611,00 121 158

T16 5,3 MWm / 5,2 Mwe 747045,54 4416925,32 121 158

T17 5,3 MWm / 5,2 Mwe 747378,00 4417136,00 121 158

T18 5,3 MWm / 5,2 Mwe 747754,00 4417267,00 121 158

T19 3,8 MWm / 3,8 MWe 745902,15 4415870,84 110 130

T20 3,8 MWm / 3,8 MWe 746241,82 4415998,08 110 130



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The roads of Project area

The forest structure of Project Area



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The forest structure of Project Area

Turbine construction and electricity transmission line at the project site



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Turbines



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Project Area Location (Google Earth Image)


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Although the project license area is located on a 22 km bird flight line, Bozüyük WPP Turbine

site is located on a 14 km bird flight line. 7 of 20 turbines are located in the west of the site and

13 turbines in the east. Since there is a forested hill between the two turbine zones, no turbine

was placed here, and clearings in the forest were preferred as turbine locations. The shortest

distance between these turbines is between T2-T3 with approximately 400 m, and the other

turbines are located farther apart. These distances between the turbines are quite sufficient for

the birds to pass safely between the turbines, even in flocks, without crashing.

Project area

Turbines Locations of Project


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The project site is located on the Northwest-South main bird migration route, especially

on the Bosphorus-Hatay axis, where stork and predator migrations take place.

The location of the project area on the bird migration routes

Depending on the length and impact area of the turbine blades, an area approximately 100-150

m in diameter from the point where each turbine is located is dangerous-risky for birds. For this

reason, the distances between the turbines in wind farms should be positioned by considering

this impact area and the distance should be left accordingly. In this case, considering the

distances between the turbines in Bozüyük WPP, it has been evaluated that the birds are

positioned at distances that allow them to pass safely between the turbines without crashing.


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MATERIAL and METHOD

In the studies carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of

Nature Conservation and National Parks, it was determined that the area remained on the bird

migration route. In this context, monitoring was requested from the relevant company during

migration periods before and during operation. This report was created by visiting and

observing the site during the Spring migration period on 19-22 March 2021, 15-19 April 2021

and 19-24 May 2021. During this period, bird species detected in the field, land use, migratory

and native species, distance of birds to turbines, thermal air currents, mass flight corridors and

heights, breeding information and breeding places were investigated. Transition times, numbers

and flight heights (predators and gliding ones), risk situations of the observed species in the

report are given in tables together with their Turkish-Latin names.

Records were kept by making direct bird observations in the field. Birds were observed and

their species were recorded and recorded by using the techniques of “point counting” at the

bottom of the turbines and “transect counting” by walking between these turbines. In addition,

observations were made in the immediate vicinity of the site to identify migration areas and

important thermal areas. In addition to the direct observations made by seeing the bird itself,

indirect signs such as its voice and nest were also used in the observations. The data obtained

were processed into the observation book and transferred to the computer environment after the

counting.

In the observations, materials suitable for the types studied such as binoculars, telescopes, SLR

cameras and telephoto lenses were used. Coordinates of observed locations and detected species

were taken with the help of Global Positioning System (GPS). Leica 10x42 binoculars and

Canon brand EOS-60D camera were used in the studies. Observations, examinations and

research were carried out throughout the day. Heinzel, H., et al. (1992) Birds of Britain and

Europe with North Africa and The Middle East and Lars Jonsson's (1993) Birds of Europe with

North Africa and The Middle East were used to identify the observed birds.


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Equipment used in bird watching studies

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Bird Monitoring Table


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Observation Number

Field of view Coordinate Elevation (m) Latitude Longitude

1 T19 745902,15 4415870,84 1293

2 T15 746749,00 4416611,00 1266

3 T18 747754,00 4417267,00 1276

4 T14 745863,00 4417500,00 1320

5 T12 744919,25 4417158,38 1263

6 T8 742593,00 4417142,00 1391

7 T7 747378,00 4417136,00 1709

8 T1 735503,00 4414966,00 1728

9 T4 736723,00 4415084,00 1585

Spring (2021) migration period observation stations and coordinates at Bozüyük WPP site

Field studies


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BULGULAR

Located in Bilecik Province, Bozüyük District, İnegöl Energy Investment Production and

Trade. A.Ş., field work was carried out on 19-22 March 2021, 15-19 April 2021 and 19-24 May

2021 within the scope of the preparation of the Spring 2021 bird migration period ornithological

monitoring report for the Bozüyük WPP (Wind Power Plant) project.

According to the results of the 2021 Spring migration period observation, examination and

evaluation studies, 53 bird species were identified in the research area and its immediate

surroundings. Most of the detected species, 84%, are composed of songbirds (Passeriformes).

Daytime gliding predators and waterfowl with large wingspan or species such as storks were

found at a very low rate of 16%.

A large part of the area where the wind power plant and turbines will be built consists of

clearings and coniferous forests. Birds commonly found in the spring observations in the RES

area; It has been observed that it consists of small passerine species such as finch, blackbird,

goldfinch and white wagtail. Among the raptors, the Snake Eagle, Red Hawk, Hawk, Kestrel,

Little Owl and Sparrowhawk were the most common species in the area. Since the area is

covered with forests, it has been observed that the raptor diversity is low.

The list of detected species is evaluated according to the International Union for Conservation

of Wildlife and Natural Resources (IUCN), Bern Convention (BERN), Kiziroğlu (2008) Turkey

Birds Red List (RDB- Red List) and Central Hunting Commission Decision (MAK 2020-2021).

given. Migration status is also shown.

Bird Species and Status in the Project Area

EURO Code

Species

IUCN

BERN

CITES

TKL

TOB

MAK

Migration

Breeding (Project

area)

880 Pelecanus onocrotalus

LC KKA ── A.3 KA ── Y

1310 Ciconia nigra LC KKA EK II A.3 KA ── G

1340 Ciconia ciconia LC KKA ── A.3.1 KA ── G,Y

1730 Tadorna tadorna LC KKA / TR ── A.3.1 KA ── Y

2560 Circaetus gallicus LC KKA EK II A.4 KA ── Y

2690 Accipiter nisus LC KKA EK II A.3 KA ── Y +

2870 Buteo buteo LC KKA EK II A.3 KA ── Y

2880 Buteo rufinus LC KKA EK II A.3 KA ── Y

3040 Falco tinnunculus LC KKA EK II A.2 KA ── Y +

3090 Falco columbarius LC KKA EK II B.1.2 KA ── K

6700 Columba palumbus

LC ── ── A.4 ── AH Y


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6840 Streptopelia decaocto

LC KA ── A.5 ── KA Y +

6870 Streptopelia turtur

VU KA ── A.3.1 ── AH G +

7240 Cuculus canorus LC KA ── A.2 KA ── G +

7570 Athene noctua LC KKA EK II A.2 KA ── Y +

7670 Asio otus LC KKA EK II A.2 KA ── Y +

8400 Merops apiaster LC KKA ── A.3.1 KA ── G +

8460 Upupa epops LC KKA ── A.2 KA ── G +

8760 Dendrocopos major

LC KKA ── A.3 KA ── Y +

9740 Lullula arborea LC KA ── A.3 ── KA Y +

9760 Alauda arvensis LC KA ── A.4 ── KA Y +

9920 Hirundo rustica LC KKA ── A.5 KA ── G +

10090 Anthus trivialis LC KKA ── A.3 KA ── G +

10110 Anthus spinoletta LC KKA ── A.3 KA ── G +

10170 Motacilla flava LC KKA ── A.3.1 KA ── G +

10200 Motacilla alba LC KKA ── A.3.1 KA ── Y +

10990 Erithacus rubecula

LC KKA ── A.3 KA ── Y +

11220 Phoenicurus phoenicurus

LC KKA ── A.3 KA ── Y +

11460 Oenanthe oenanthe

LC KKA ── A.3 KA KA G +

11870 Turdus merula LC KA ── A.3 ── AH Y +

12020 Turdus viscivorus LC KA ── A.2 ── KA Y +

12550 Hippolais pallida LC KKA ── A.3 KA ── G +

12670 Sylvia melanocephala

LC KKA ── A.3 KA ── Y +

13080 Phylloscopus sibilatrix

LC KKA ── A.2 KA ── G +

13110 Phylloscopus collybita

LC KKA ── A.3.1 KA ── Y +

13350 Muscicapa striata LC KKA ── A.3 KA ── G +

13430 Ficedula parva LC KKA ── A.2 KA ── T +

13470 Ficedula albicollis LC KKA ── A.3 KA ── G +

14610 Parus ater LC KKA ── A.3 KA ── Y +

14620 Parus caeruleus LC KKA ── A.2 KA ── Y +

14640 Parus major LC KKA ── A.3.1 KA ── Y +

15150 Lanius collurio LC KKA ── A.3 KA KA G +

15390 Garrulus glandarius

LC ── ── A.3.1 ── AH Y +

15490 Pica pica LC ── ── A.5 ── AH Y +

15670 Corvus corone LC ── ── A.5 ── AH Y +

15720 Corvus corax LC KA ── A.5 ── KA Y +

15820 Sturnus vulgaris LC ── ── A.5 ── KA Y +

15910 Passer domesticus LC ── ── A.5 ── AH Y +

16360 Fringilla coelebs LC KA ── A.4 ── KA Y +

16400 Serinus serinus LC KKA ── A.3 KA ── Y +

16490 Carduelis chloris LC KKA ── A.3 KA ── Y +


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16530 Carduelis carduelis

LC KKA ── A.3.1 KA ── Y +

18810 Emberiza melanocephala

LC KKA ── A.4 KA ── G +

TOB Species Protected by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (KA: Under Protection)

IUCN Extinct (EX) – beyond reasonable doubt that the species is no longer extant.

Extinct in the wild (EW) – survives only in captivity, cultivation and/or outside native range, as presumed after exhaustive surveys.

Critically endangered (CR) – in a particularly and extremely critical state.

Endangered (EN) – very high risk of extinction in the wild, meets any of criteria A to E for Endangered.

Vulnerable (VU) – meets one of the 5 red list criteria and thus considered to be at high risk of unnatural (human-caused) extinction without further human intervention.

Near threatened (NT) – close to being at high risk of extinction in the near future.

Least concern (LC) – unlikely to become extinct in the near future.

Data deficient (DD)

BERN KA: EK III: Under protection

KKA: EK II: Under strict protection KKA/TR : Species Objected By Turkey, Which Cannot Be Strictly Protected

CITES Migration TKL

Ek I : Endangered Species, Species Permitted to Trade Only in Exceptional Circumstances Ek II : While Their Descendants Are Not Endangered by Absolute Extinction Controlled Traded Species to Prevent Street Uses G: Immigrant

Y: Native Red Data Book for Birds of Turkey (Kiziroğlu, 2008) A.1.2/B.1.2: The populations of these species have decreased a lot throughout Turkey and are represented by 1-10 pairs in the regions where they are observed. Since these species are under the threat of extinction, they are the species that must be protected throughout Turkey. A.2/B.2: The number of species included in this criterion varies between 11-25 pairs in the regions where they are observed. These species are also under significant threat of extinction, and they are the species that will surely face extinction if the extinction pressure continues as it is today. A.3/B.3: The populations of the species in this criterion in Turkey generally vary between 26-250 pairs in the regions where they are observed. These species are also susceptible to extinction and are at high risk of extinction in nature. A.3.1: There is a decrease in the populations of the species in this criterion in the regions where they are observed. The population of these species also varies between 251-500 pairs and includes species with a decrease compared to previous records in the regions where they are observed. A.4: Although the population densities of the species in this criterion have not yet been threatened with extinction in the regions where they are observed, there is a local decrease in their populations and they are qualified as candidates for extinction over time. A.5: There is no decrease in the observed populations of the species in this criterion and there is no threat of extinction yet.

Migrations and Transit Routes in the Project Area

According to the monitoring studies carried out during the spring migration period, although

the project site is close to the main migration route, it was not observed that the target species

were used in large herds during the migration period. However, the White Pelican, with a group

of 1000+ and 59 individuals, was the only species that showed migratory behavior among the

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinct_in_the_wild

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critically_endangered_species

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulnerable_species

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_threatened

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_concern

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_deficient


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gliding birds. This record is a new immigration record in the literature for the area. During the

studies, daily migrations of bird species such as Bee-eater, Swallow and Goldfinch were

encountered in small groups. In addition, it has been observed that other species use the project

site for feeding and resting purposes without a clear transition route. It has been observed that

other passerine species spread throughout the project area and perform their circulation and

feeding movements in the field without a clear transition route.

Transition route used more frequently by bird species showing migratory behavior in and around

the Project site during the spring migration period

Project Site Monitoring Data

In the Bozüyük WPP project area, 53 bird species were observed during the Spring

observations. The names of the observed species, date, time information, number of individuals,

flight altitude and direction and distances to the nearest turbine, Observation coordinates, flight

locations according to turbines, horizontal distances and routes are given in the table below.


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2021 March 19.03.2021 Directly Turbine 8 11-12 Cloudy Ciconia nigra

2 Below turbine wing level

E-W 200 Non active

2021 March 19.03.2021 Directly Turbine 9 12-13 Rainy Tadorna tadorna


E-W 50 Non active

2021 March 19.03.2021 Directly Turbine 11 13-14 Rainy Accipiter nisus


N-S 50 Non active

2021 March 19.03.2021 Directly Turbine 10 14-15 Rainy Falco tinnunculus


E-W 100 Non active

2021 March 19.03.2021 Directly Turbine 14 10-11 Rainy Falco columbarius

1 Above turbine wing level

SE-N 50 Active

2021 March 19.03.2021 Directly Turbine 14 11-12 Cloudy Columba palumbus


W-E 150 Active

2021 March 19.03.2021 Directly Turbine 16 12-13 Rainy Streptopelia decaocto


E-W 200 Non active

2021 March 19.03.2021 Directly Turbine 20 13-14 Sunny Streptopelia turtur


W-E 200 Non active

2021 March 19.03.2021 Directly Turbine 14 08-09 Sunny Athene noctua


W-E 50 Non active

2021 March 19.03.2021 Directly Turbine 14 10-11 Sunny Asio otus


E-W 20 Non active

2021 March 19.03.2021 Directly Turbine 13 10-11 Sunny Upupa epops


E-W 100 Non active

2021 March 19.03.2021 Directly Turbine 13 11-12 Sunny Dendrocopos major


E-W 100 Non active

2021 March 20.03.2021 Directly Turbine 13 11-12 Sunny Lullula arborea


S-N 50 Non active

2021 March 20.03.2021 Directly Turbine 12 12-13 Sunny Alauda arvensis


N-S 50 Non active

2021 March 20.03.2021 Directly Turbine 12 13-14 Sunny Hirundo rustica


W-E 50 Non active

2021 March 20.03.2021 Directly Turbine 11 14-15 Sunny Anthus trivialis


E-W 20 Non active

2021 March 20.03.2021 Directly Turbine 10 15-16 Sunny Anthus pratensis


W-E 10 Non active

2021 March 20.03.2021 Directly Turbine 14 08-09 Sunny Motacilla flava


W-E 20 Non active

2021 March 20.03.2021 Directly Turbine 14 08-09 Sunny Motacilla alba


W-E 50 Non active

2021 March 21.03.2021 Directly Turbine 14 09-10 Sunny Erithacus rubecula


W-E 100 Non active

2021 March 21.03.2021 Directly Turbine 14 09-10 Sunny Phoenicurus phoenicurus


W-E 100 Non active


22

2021 March 21.03.2021 Directly Turbine 13 10-11 Sunny Oenanthe oenanthe


E-W 100 Non active

2021 March 21.03.2021 Directly Turbine 13 10-11 Sunny Turdus merula


W-E 30 Non active

2021 March 21.03.2021 Directly Turbine13 10-11 Sunny Turdus viscivorus


E-W 50 Non active

2021 March 21.03.2021 Directly Turbine9 10-11 Sunny Hippolais pallida


W-E 50 Non active

2021 March 21.03.2021 Directly Turbine14 14-15 Sunny Sylvia melanocephala


W-E 100 Non active

2021 March 21.03.2021 Directly Turbine8 09-10 Sunny Phylloscopus sibilatrix


E-W 50 Non active

2021 March 21.03.2021 Directly Turbine8 09-10 Sunny Phylloscopus collybita


S-N 150 Non active

2021 March 21.03.2021 Directly Turbine9 10-11 Sunny Muscicapa striata


S-N 50 Non active

2021 March 21.03.2021 Directly Turbine10 11-12 Sunny Ficedula parva

1 Turbine wing level W-E 50 Non active

2021 March 21.03.2021 Directly Turbine10 11-12 Sunny Ficedula semitorquata


W-E 100 Non active

2021 March 21.03.2021 Directly Turbine11 12-13 Sunny Parus ater


E-W 20 Non active

2021 March 21.03.2021 Directly Turbine12 13-14 Sunny Parus caeruleus


W-E 20 Non active

2021 March 21.03.2021 Indirect Turbine12 13-14 Sunny Parus major


W-E 100 Non active

2021 March 22.03.2021 Directly Turbine14 15-16 Sunny Lanius collurio


E-W 150 Non active

2021 March 22.03.2021 Directly Turbine12 10-11 Rainy Garrulus glandarius


E-W 50 Non active

2021 March 22.03.2021 Directly Turbine13 13-14 Rainy Pica pica


E-W 100 Non active

2021 March 22.03.2021 Directly Turbine13 13-14 Rainy Corvus corone


E-W 20 Non active

2021 March 22.03.2021 Directly Turbine11 14-15 Rainy Corvus corax


W-E 100 Non active

2021 March 22.03.2021 Directly Turbine9 09-10 Cloudy Sturnus vulgaris


S-N 50 Non active

2021 March 22.03.2021 Directly Turbine9 10-11 Cloudy Passer domesticus


S-N 100 Non active

2021 April 15.04.2021 Directly Turbine8 10-11 Cloudy Fringilla coelebs


E-W 50 Non active


23

2021 April 15.04.2021 Directly Turbine9 11-12 Rainy Serinus serinus


W-E 20 Non active

2021 April 16.04.2021 Directly Turbine11 13-14 Cloudy Carduelis chloris


W-E 50 Non active

2021 April 17.04.2021 Directly Turbine14 10-11 Cloudy Carduelis carduelis


W-E 100 Non active

2021 April 18.04.2021 Directly Turbine14 10-11 Sunny Emberiza melanocephala


S-N 50 Non active

2021 April 19.04.2021 Directly Turbine 8 11-12 Cloudy Hirunda rustica 4 Below turbine wing level

W-E 20 Non active

2021 April 19.04.2021 Directly Turbine 9 12-13 Rainy Parus major 1 Below turbine wing level

S-N 50 Non active

2021 April 19.04.2021 Directly Turbine 11 13-14 Rainy Garrulus glandarius

1 Turbine wing level E-W 50 Non active

2021 April 19.04.2021 Directly Turbine 10 14-15 Rainy Cuculus canorus 1 Below turbine wing level

W-E 20 Non active

2021 April 20.04.2021 Directly Turbine 14 10-11 Cloudy Turdus merula 1 Below turbine wing level

W-E 100 Non active

2021 April 20.04.2021 Directly Turbine 14 11-12 Rainy Pelecanus onocrotalus

1000+ Below turbine wing level

S-N 50 Non active

2021 April 20.04.2021 Directly Turbine 16 12-13 Cloudy Hirunda rustica 7 Below turbine wing level

W-E 20 Non active

2021 April 20.04.2021 Directly Turbine 20 13-14 Rainy Falco columbarius


W-E 20 Non active

2021 April 21.04.2021 Directly Turbine 14 08-09 Sunny Parus major 1 Below turbine wing level

E-W 50 Non active

2021 April 21.04.2021 Directly Turbine 14 10-11 Sunny Cuculus canorus 3 Below turbine wing level

E-W 20 Non active

2021 April 21.04.2021 Directly Turbine 13 10-11 Sunny Carduelis Carduelis


E-W 100 Non active

2021 April 21.04.2021 Directly Turbine 13 11-12 Sunny Turdus merula 1 Above turbine wing level

S-N 100 Non active

2021 April 21.04.2021 Directly Turbine 13 11-12 Sunny Garrulus glandarius


N-S 50 Non active

2021 April 21.04.2021 Directly Turbine 12 12-13 Sunny Merops apiaster 1 Below turbine wing level

W-E 50 Non active

2021 April 21.04.2021 Directly Turbine 12 13-14 Sunny Buteo buteo 8 Below turbine wing level

E-W 50 Non active

2021 April 21.04.2021 Directly Turbine 11 14-15 Sunny Corvus corax 1 Below turbine wing level

W-E 20 Non active


W-E 10 Non active


24


W-E 20 Non active

2021 April 22.04.2021 Directly Turbine 14 08-09 Sunny Corvus corax 5 Below turbine wing level

W-E 50 Non active

2021 April 22.04.2021 Directly Turbine 14 09-10 Sunny Serinus serinus 1 Below turbine wing level

W-E 100 Non active

2021 April 22.04.2021 Directly Turbine 14 09-10 Sunny Ficedula semitorquata


E-W 100 Non active

2021 April 22.04.2021 Directly Turbine 13 10-11 Sunny Muscicapa striata 1 Below turbine wing level

W-E 100 Non active

2021 April 22.04.2021 Directly Turbine 13 10-11 Sunny Turdus merula 1 Below turbine wing level

E-W 30 Non active

2021 April 22.04.2021 Directly Turbine13 10-11 Sunny Cuculus canorus 1 Below turbine wing level

W-E 50 Non active

2021 April 22.04.2021 Directly Turbine9 10-11 Sunny Buteo buteo 1 Below turbine wing level

W-E 50 Non active

2021 April 22.04.2021 Directly Turbine13 11-12 Sunny Hirunda rustica 1 Below turbine wing level

E-W 100 Non active


S-N 50 Non active

2021 April 22.04.2021 Directly Turbine11 12-13 Sunny Hirunda rustica 1 Above turbine wing level

S-N 150 Non active

2021 April 22.04.2021 Directly Turbine11 12-13 Sunny Circaetus gallicus 5 Turbine wing level W-E 50 Non active

2021 April 22.04.2021 Directly Turbine11 13-14 Sunny Merops apiaster 2 Below turbine wing level

W-E 50 Non active


E-W 100 Non active


W-E 20 Non active

2021 April 23.04.2021 Directly Turbine14 09-10 Sunny Turdus merula 1 Below turbine wing level

W-E 20 Non active

2021 April 23.04.2021 Directly Turbine12 10-11 Sunny Ficedula parva 2 Below turbine wing level

E-W 100 Non active

2021 April 23.04.2021 Directly Turbine11 11-12 Sunny Ficedula semitorquata


E-W 150 Non active

2021 April 23.04.2021 Directly Turbine9 14-15 Sunny Garrulus glandarius


E-W 50 Non active

2021 April 23.04.2021 Directly Turbine10 14-15 Sunny Muscicapa striata 1 Below turbine wing level

E-W 100 Non active


W-E 20 Non active


25


S-N 100 Non active

2021 April 26.04.2021 Directly Turbine14 10-11 Rainy Turdus merula 2 Below turbine wing level

S-N 50 Non active

2021 April 26.04.2021 Directly Turbine13 12-13 Rainy Parus major 2 Below turbine wing level

E-W 100 Non active

2021 April 26.04.2021 Directly Turbine13 13-14 Rainy Hirunda rustica 1 Below turbine wing level

W-E 50 Non active

2021 April 27.04.2021 Directly Turbine14 08-09 Sunny Corvus corax 1 Below turbine wing level

W-E 20 Non active


W-E 50 Non active


S-N 100 Non active


W-E 50 Non active


S-N 20 Non active

2021 April 27.04.2021 Directly Turbine9 09-10 Sunny Parus major 1 Turbine wing level E-W 50 Non active

2021 April 27.04.2021 Directly Turbine10 10-11 Sunny Pelecanus onocrotalus


W-E 50 Non active


W-E 20 Non active


S-N 100 Non active

2021 April 27.04.2021 Directly Turbine10 11-12 Cloudy Garrulus glandarius


E-W 50 Non active

2021 April 27.04.2021 Directly Turbine10 11-12 Cloudy Turdus merula 1 Turbine wing level E-W 20 Non active

2021 April 27.04.2021 Directly Turbine9 11-12 Cloudy Ciconia ciconia 1 Below turbine wing level

E-W 20 Non active

2021 April 27.04.2021 Directly Turbine9 11-12 Sunny Fringilla coelebs 2 Below turbine wing level

E-W 50 Non active


E-W 100 Non active

2021 April 27.04.2021 Directly Turbine10 12-13 Sunny Turdus merula 1 Below turbine wing level

N-S 20 Non active

2021 April 27.04.2021 Directly Turbine10 12-13 Sunny Parus ater 2 Below turbine wing level

S-N 50 Non active

2021 April 27.04.2021 Directly Turbine10 12-13 Sunny Buteo buteo 1 Above turbine wing level

W-E 150 Non active


26


S-N 100 Non active

2021 April 27.04.2021 Directly Turbine12 13-14 Sunny Cuculus canorus 1 Above turbine wing level

N-S 50 Non active


W-E 100 Non active


S-N 100 Non active

2021 April 27.04.2021 Directly Turbine14 15-16 Sunny Tadorna tadorna 2 Below turbine wing level

W-E 400 Non active


S-N 50 Non active


N-S 50 Non active


S-N 50 Non active


E-W 150 Non active


N-S 50 Non active

2021 April 28.04.2021 Directly Turbine12 10-11 Sunny Buteo rufinus 1 Below turbine wing level

W-E 100 Non active

2021 April 28.04.2021 Directly Turbine10 11-12 Sunny Parus major 1 Below turbine wing level

E-W 50 Non active


E-W 150 Non active



E-W 20 Non active


S-N 100 Non active


W-E 50 Non active


N-S 50 Non active

2021 April 29.04.2021 Indirect Turbine8 08-09 Sunny Parus major 2 Below turbine wing level

100 Non active

2021 April 29.04.2021 Directly Turbine8 08-09 Sunny Muscicapa striata 1 Above turbine wing level

W-E 150 Non active


E-W 200 Non active

2021 April 29.04.2021 Directly Turbine9 10-11 Sunny Turdus merulla 1 Below turbine wing level

E-W 20 Non active


27


S-N 50 Non active


W-E 100 Non active


E-W 50 Non active


S-N 200 Non active


W-E 50 Non active

2021 April 29.04.2021 Directly Turbine11 13-14 Sunny Fringilla coelebs 2 Below turbine wing level

E-W 50 Non active


E-W 100 Non active



W-E 100 Non active


W-E 200 Non active


E-W 100 Non active


S-N 100 Non active



S-N 20 Non active

2021 April 30.04.2021 Indirect Turbine10 11-12 Sunny Parus major 2 Below turbine wing level

20 Non active


E-W 50 Non active


W-E 50 Non active


W-E 20 Non active


W-E 200 Non active

2021 May 03.05.2021 Directly Turbine12 10-11 Rainy Corvus corax 1 Below turbine wing level

W-E 20 Non active

2021 May 03.05.2021 Directly Turbine13 13-14 Rainy Parus major 2 Below turbine wing level

W-E 50 Non active

2021 May 03.05.2021 Directly Turbine13 13-14 Rainy Garrulus glandarius


W-E 20 Non active

2021 May 03.05.2021 Directly Turbine11 14-15 Rainy Turdus merula 1 Below turbine wing level

S-N 10 Non active


28

2021 May 04.05.2021 Directly Turbine9 09-10 Sisli Hirunda rustica 2 Below turbine wing level

E-W 50 Active

2021 May 04.05.2021 Directly Turbine9 10-11 Cloudy Buteo buteo 1 Below turbine wing level

W-E 50 Active

2021 May 04.05.2021 Directly Turbine8 10-11 Cloudy Corvus corax 1 Below turbine wing level

S-N 50 Non active

2021 May 04.05.2021 Directly Turbine9 11-12 Rainy Hirunda rustica 2 Above turbine wing level

S-N 100 Active

2021 May 04.05.2021 Directly Turbine11 13-14 Cloudy Muscicapa striata 1 Above turbine wing level

S-N 150 Active

2021 May 05.05.2021 Directly Turbine14 10-11 Cloudy Turdus merula 2 Below turbine wing level

W-E 50 Active

2021 May 05.05.2021 Directly Turbine14 10-11 Sunny Corvus corax 1 Below turbine wing level

E-W 100 Active

2021 May 05.05.2021 Directly Turbine14 11-12 Sunny Merops apiaster 11 Above turbine wing level

S-N 50 Active

2021 May 05.05.2021 Directly Turbine12 13-14 Cloudy Merops apiaster 10 Below turbine wing level

E-W 100 Active


E-W 100 Active

2021 May 05.05.2021 Directly Turbine10 14-15 Cloudy Cuculus canorus 1 Below turbine wing level

E-W 150 Active

2021 May 05.05.2021 Directly Turbine9 14-15 Cloudy Merops apiaster 15 Above turbine wing level

S-N 50 Active

2021 May 06.05.2021 Directly Turbine13 11-12 Sunny Cuculus canorus 1 Below turbine wing level

S-N 150 Active

2021 May 06.05.2021 Directly Turbine13 12-13 Sunny Parus major 3 Below turbine wing level

S-N 150 Active

2021 May 06.05.2021 Indirect Turbine12 12-13 Sunny Parus ater 2 Below turbine wing level

150 Active

2021 May 06.05.2021 Directly Turbine12 14-15 Sunny Buteo rufinus 1 Below turbine wing level

E-W 100 Active

2021 May 06.05.2021 Directly Turbine11 14-15 Sunny Merops apiaster 14 Above turbine wing level

S-N 50 Active

2021 May 06.05.2021 Directly Turbine10 14-15 Sunny Hirunda rustica 7 Below turbine wing level

W-E 50 Active

2021 May 06.05.2021 Indirect Turbine9 15-16 Sunny Muscicapa striata 1 Below turbine wing level

200 Active


E-W 200 Active

2021 May 07.05.2021 Directly Turbine14 09-10 Sunny Parus major 1 Below turbine wing level

E-W 100 Active


29

2021 May 07.05.2021 Directly Turbine13 09-10 Sunny Merops apiaster 9 Below turbine wing level

S-N 50 Active


E-W 100 Active

2021 May 07.05.2021 Directly Turbine12 10-11 Sunny Buteo buteo 1 Below turbine wing level

N-S 300 Active

2021 May 07.05.2021 Directly Turbine11 11-12 Sunny Parus ater 2 Below turbine wing level

E-W 100 Active

2021 May 07.05.2021 Directly Turbine11 11-12 Sunny Garrulus glandarius


S-N 100 Active

2021 May 07.05.2021 Dolaylı Turbine9 13-14 Sunny Buteo rufinus 1 Below turbine wing level

50 Active

2021 May 07.05.2021 Directly Turbine9 13-14 Sunny Ciconia ciconia 2 Below turbine wing level

W-E 30 Active

2021 May 07.05.2021 Directly Turbine8 13-14 Sunny Fringilla coelebs 1 Above turbine wing level

W-E 50 Non active

2021 May 07.05.2021 Directly Turbine8 14-15 Sunny Muscicapa striata 1 Below turbine wing level

W-E 50 Non active


N-S 100 Active


E-W 200 Active

2021 May 17.05.2021 Directly Turbine8 09-10 Sunny Cuculus canorus 1 Turbine wing level W-E 200 Non active

2021 May 17.05.2021 Directly Turbine8 09-10 Sunny Fringilla coelebs 2 Below turbine wing level

N-S 50 Non active


E-W 100 Non active

2021 May 17.05.2021 Directly Turbine8 10-11 Sunny Garrulus glandarius


E-W 50 Non active

2021 May 17.05.2021 Directly Turbine8 10-11 Sunny Parus ater 2 Below turbine wing level

E-W 50 Non active

2021 May 17.05.2021 Directly Turbine8 11-12 Sunny Turdus merula 2 Below turbine wing level

E-W 20 Non active


E-W 50 Non active


W-E 150 Non active

2021 May 17.05.2021 Directly Turbine8 13-14 Sunny Hippolais pallida 2 Below turbine wing level

W-E 20 Non active

2021 May 17.05.2021 Indirect Turbine8 13-14 Sunny Turdus merula 2 Below turbine wing level

50 Non active


30

2021 May 17.05.2021 Directly Turbine8 13-14 Sunny Carduelis chloris 1 Below turbine wing level

S-N 50 Non active

2021 May 17.05.2021 Indirect Turbine8 14-15 Sunny Parus ater 2 Below turbine wing level

20 Non active


E-W 50 Non active

2021 May 17.05.2021 Directly Turbine8 15-16 Sunny Buteo rufinus 1 Turbine wing level N-S 20 Non active


W-E 100 Active

2021 May 18.05.2021 Directly Turbine9 09-10 Sunny Hippolais pallida 1 Below turbine wing level

E-W 20 Active

2021 May 18.05.2021 Indirect Turbine9 09-10 Sunny Turdus merula 1 Below turbine wing level

100 Active

2021 May 18.05.2021 Directly Turbine9 10-11 Cloudy Corvus corone 1 Below turbine wing level

W-E 50 Active

2021 May 18.05.2021 Indirect Turbine9 11-12 Cloudy Cuculus canorus 1 Below turbine wing level

200 Active

2021 May 18.05.2021 Directly Turbine9 11-12 Cloudy Fringilla coelebs 2 Below turbine wing level

N-S 50 Active

2021 May 18.05.2021 Directly Turbine9 11-12 Cloudy Corvus corax 1 Below turbine wing level

W-E 50 Active

2021 May 18.05.2021 Directly Turbine10 13-14 Cloudy Carduelis Carduelis


W-E 100 Active

2021 May 18.05.2021 Directly Turbine10 13-14 Cloudy Parus ater 3 Below turbine wing level

E-W 50 Active

2021 May 18.05.2021 Directly Turbine10 14-15 Cloudy Buteo buteo 1 Below turbine wing level

W-E 300 Active

2021 May 19.05.2021 Directly Turbine14 09-10 Rainy Parus major 2 Below turbine wing level

S-N 100 Active

2021 May 19.05.2021 Directly Turbine14 09-10 Rainy Cuculus canorus 1 Below turbine wing level

E-W 200 Active

2021 May 19.05.2021 Directly Turbine14 10-11 Rainy Garrulus glandarius


W-E 100 Active

2021 May 19.05.2021 Directly Turbine14 10-11 Rainy Muscicapa striata 1 Below turbine wing level

E-W 150 Active

2021 May 19.05.2021 Directly Turbine14 10-11 Rainy Corvus corone 1 Below turbine wing level

W-E 100 Active

2021 May 19.05.2021 Directly Turbine14 13-14 Rainy Turdus merula 2 Below turbine wing level

N-S 50 Active

2021 May 20.05.2021 Directly Şalt sahası 09-10 Rainy Turdus merula 1 Below turbine wing level

E-W 50 Active


31

2021 May 20.05.2021 Directly Şalt sahası 10-11 Rainy Muscicapa striata 1 Below turbine wing level

W-E 100 Active

2021 May 20.05.2021 Directly Şalt sahası 10-11 Rainy Corvus corone 1 Below turbine wing level

E-W 50 Active

2021 May 20.05.2021 Directly Şalt sahası 13-14 Rainy Fringilla coelebs 1 Turbine wing level N-S 20 Active

2021 May 20.05.2021 Directly Şalt sahası 14-15 Rainy Turdus merula 2 Turbine wing level E-W 50 Active

2021 May 21.05.2021 Directly Şalt sahası 10-11 Sunny Parus major 2 Below turbine wing level

W-E 50 Active

2021 May 21.05.2021 Directly Şalt sahası 11-12 Sunny Parus major 1 Below turbine wing level

S-N 20 Active

2021 May 21.05.2021 Directly Şalt sahası 14-15 Sunny Cuculus canorus 1 Turbine wing level E-W 50 Active


W-E 50 Non active


W-E 50 Non active


E-W 20 Non active

2021 May 24.05.2021 Directly Turbine15 10-11 Sunny Corvus corone 2 Below turbine wing level

W-E 50 Non active


W-E 150 Non active

2021 May 24.05.2021 Directly Turbine15 11-12 Sunny Turdus viscivorus


N-S 50 Non active

2021 May 24.05.2021 Directly Turbine15 11-12 Sunny Hirunda rustica 4 Below turbine wing level

S-N 50 Non active

2021 May 24.05.2021 Directly Turbine15 13-14 Sunny Turdus merula 2 Below turbine wing level

W-E 20 Non active


N-S 20 Non active


W-E 20 Non active


E-W 100 Non active

2021 May 25.05.2021 Directly Turbine 19 09-10 Sunny Buteo buteo 1 Below turbine wing level

N-S 100 Non active

2021 May 25.05.2021 Directly Turbine 19 09-10 Sunny Corvus corone 2 Below turbine wing level

E-W 50 Non active

2021 May 25.05.2021 Directly Turbine 19 10-11 Sunny Hirunda rustica 5 Below turbine wing level

W-E 100 Non active


32

2021 May 25.05.2021 Directly Turbine 19 10-11 Sunny Turdus merula 2 Below turbine wing level

E-W 50 Non active

2021 May 25.05.2021 Directly Turbine 19 10-11 Sunny Muscicapa striata 1 Below turbine wing level

E-W 100 Non active

2021 May 25.05.2021 Directly Turbine 19 10-11 Sunny Fringilla coelebs 3 Below turbine wing level

W-E 20 Non active

2021 May 25.05.2021 Directly Turbine 19 11-12 Sunny Turdus viscivorus


N-S 20 Non active

2021 May 25.05.2021 Directly Turbine 20 12-13 Sunny Corvus corax 2 Below turbine wing level

W-E 50 Non active

2021 May 25.05.2021 Directly Turbine 20 12-13 Sunny Parus major 3 Below turbine wing level

E-W 20 Non active

2021 May 25.05.2021 Indirect Turbine 20 13-14 Sunny Cuculus canorus 2 Below turbine wing level

150 Non active

2021 May 25.05.2021 Directly Turbine 20 14-15 Sunny Carduelis chloris 3 Below turbine wing level

W-E 20 Non active

2021 May 25.05.2021 Directly Turbine 20 14-15 Sunny Hippolais pallida 2 Below turbine wing level

S-N 10 Non active

2021 May 26.05.2021 Directly Turbine 12 08-09 Cloudy Turdus merula 2 Below turbine wing level

W-E 50 Active

2021 May 26.05.2021 Directly Turbine 12 08-09 Cloudy Corvus corax 1 Below turbine wing level

W-E 100 Active

2021 May 26.05.2021 Directly Turbine 12 09-10 Cloudy Hippolais pallida 3 Below turbine wing level

S-N 50 Active

2021 May 26.05.2021 Directly Turbine 12 10-11 Cloudy Fringilla coelebs 2 Below turbine wing level

S-N 50 Active

2021 May 26.05.2021 Directly Turbine 12 10-11 Cloudy Buteo buteo 1 Below turbine wing level

S-N 200 Active

2021 May 26.05.2021 Directly Turbine 12 11-12 Cloudy Parus major 2 Below turbine wing level

E-W 50 Active

2021 May 26.05.2021 Directly Turbine 13 13-14 Cloudy Motacilla alba 3 Below turbine wing level

W-E 10 Active

2021 May 27.05.2021 Directly Şalt sahası 09-10 Rainy Turdus merula 1 Below turbine wing level

W-E 100 Active

2021 May 27.05.2021 Directly Şalt sahası 10-11 Rainy Parus major 1 Below turbine wing level

W-E 50 Active

2021 May 27.05.2021 Directly Şalt sahası 13-14 Rainy Garrulus glandarius


E-W 20 Active

2021 May 27.05.2021 Indirect Şalt sahası 13-14 Rainy Turdus merula 2 Below turbine wing level

50 Active

2021 May 28.05.2021 Directly Turbine13 08-09 Cloudy Motacilla alba 4 Below turbine wing level

W-E 10 Active


33


E-W 50 Active

2021 May 28.05.2021 Directly Turbine13 09-10 Cloudy Parus ater 3 Below turbine wing level

N-S 100 Active

2021 May 28.05.2021 Directly Turbine13 09-10 Cloudy Carduelis chloris 2 Below turbine wing level

S-N 150 Active

2021 May 28.05.2021 Directly Turbine13 09-10 Cloudy Hippolais pallida 2 Below turbine wing level

E-W 150 Active

2021 May 28.05.2021 Turbine13 10-11 Cloudy Cuculus canorus 1 200 Active 2021 May 28.05.2021 Turbine13 11-12 Cloudy Corvus corax 1 300 Active 2021 May 28.05.2021 Turbine13 11-12 Cloudy Carduelis

carduelis 2 100 Active

2021 May 28.05.2021 Turbine13 11-12 Cloudy Turdus viscivorus

2 50 Active

2021 May 28.05.2021 Turbine13 13-14 Cloudy Muscicapa striata 1 150 Active 2021 May 28.05.2021 Turbine 12 14-15 Cloudy Buteo buteo 1 100 Active 2021 May 28.05.2021 Turbine12 14-15 Cloudy Parus ater 3 150 Active


34

Photographs of some of the bird species displayed in the project area during the spring 2021

period are given below.

Fringilla coelebs

Oenanthe oenanthe


35

Anthus spinoletta

Buteo buteo


36

Turdus viscivorus

Ficedula albicollis


37

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39

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https://ebird.org/turkey/home

https://www.trakus.org/kods_bird/uye/?fsx=tur_arama

https://www.iucnredlist.org/

https://ebird.org/turkey/home

https://www.trakus.org/kods_bird/uye/?fsx=tur_arama

https://www.iucnredlist.org/


40

CONCLUSIONS

Monitored Target Species

As a result of the studies carried out by the relevant ministry in the Bozüyük WPP site, the main

migration route of the Snake eagle, Falcon, Imperial eagle, Stork, Little Forest Eagle, Lesser

Kestrel, Little Eagle, Griffon Vulture, Kestrel, Black Stork, Black Vulture, Hawk, Honey

Buzzard and White Pelican It has been determined that Long-legged Buzzard, Peregrine Falcon,

Eurasian Hobby and Red-footed Falcon nature are located on the secondary migration route. In

addition, Bearded Vulture, Red Hawk, Golden Eagle, Black Vulture, Falcon, Peregrine Falcon,

Northern Goshawk and Hawk are seen throughout the year. In addition, it was requested to

investigate the use of the project area and its surroundings for breeding and sheltering purposes,

especially for the Imperial Eagle, Black Woodpecker and Kruper’s Nuthatch.

As a result of the monitoring studies carried out in the field in the period of March-May 2021;

• Stork, Black stork, Snake eagle, Falcon, Kestrel, Hawk and White pelican were

observed among the species considered to be the main migration route of the site.

Therefore, of the 14 species reported to use the area as the main migration route, 8, 57%,

were observed in the spring. Among these species, the Falcon was observed 17 times at

different times, making it the most common species in the area.

• Of the species with a secondary migration route, only the Long-legged Buzzard has been

observed. The falcon species were not seen in the spring period.

• Merlin, one of the overwintering species, was seen. Likewise, it is not expected that

these species will remain in the field during the spring period.

• Storks and Black Storks were observed among the 9 species that were reported to breed,

but their nests were not detected in the vicinity of the site.

• Buzzard and Hawk were observed among the species seen throughout the year.

The ratio of target species among all observed bird species in the field was 20%.


41

Ratio of target species in all observed bird species

While recording the flight heights of the target species passing through the study area and its

immediate surroundings, the tree heights were estimated by considering reference points such

as the electricity poles in the vicinity and the height of the houses in the surrounding villages.

Accordingly, the average flight altitudes, minimum and maximum flight altitudes of target

species passing through the Project site are given in meters (m). Transition heights may vary

depending on weather conditions and whether the species is transit nomad or not. Accordingly,

20%

Target species The Other species

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Buzzard Long-legged Buzzard Merlin Stork

Target Species Frequency

Buzzard Long-legged Buzzard Merlin Stork


42

the species with the highest average flight altitude were the White pelican with 420 m and 300

m, the Stork and the least with 40 m. The transitions of other species took place between 50-

400 m, and these heights may change depending on the weather conditions. On the other hand,

songbirds were observed in the project area, usually at and below the tree height, or at a height

of approximately 20 m from the ground.

Species

Flight Height (m)

Lowest Highest

Average

Pelecanus onocrotalus 250 420 335

Ciconia nigra 80 80 80

Ciconia ciconia 100 300 200

Falco columbarius 50 50 50

Circaetus gallicus 60 60 60

Accipiter nisus 40 50 45

Buteo buteo 45 60 52

Buteo rufinus 120 170 145

Falco tinnunculus 50 60 55

Ground flight altitude data of target species

Breeding Status

Since the monitoring study was carried out in the spring, it is expected that all identified species

will also use the site and its immediate surroundings as breeding grounds. The project area is a

clearing in the forest and coniferous forest as a habitat.

There are old, tall, hollow trees in the area where raptors can nest. In addition to this, rocky etc.

on the field. There are no nesting areas. Therefore, the cover structure of the area partially has

the characteristics of a breeding ground for predators. Bird of prey nest detection could not be

made in the spring of 2021. In addition, the area is suitable for passerine species to nest and

incubate.

In this study, field and bird flight 10 km circumference were taken as basis as areal breeding

species. In this context, it has been concluded that 9 of the species identified in the monitoring

do not use the area and its environment for breeding purposes, and 44 species have habitats

where they can engage in breeding activities.


43

Terms of Contract and Status

Comparative information on the conservation status, contracts and migration status of bird

species observed in the project area are given in the table below.

Conservation Status Number of Species

TKL B.1.2 1

A.2 9

A.3 22

A.3.1 10

A.4 5

A.5 6

IUCN VU 1

LC 52

BERN KA 7

KKA 39

KKA/TR 1

Out of scope 6

MAK AH 7

KA 9

Out of scope 37

CITES Ek-I -

Ek-II 9

Out of scope 44

Migration Y (Native) 36

G (Summer immigrant)

17

Toplam 53

IUCN Extinct (EX) – beyond reasonable doubt that the species is no longer extant.

Extinct in the wild (EW) – survives only in captivity, cultivation and/or outside native range, as presumed after exhaustive surveys.

Critically endangered (CR) – in a particularly and extremely critical state.

Breeding Status

Breeding Non breeding

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinct_in_the_wild

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critically_endangered_species


44

Endangered (EN) – very high risk of extinction in the wild, meets any of criteria A to E for Endangered.

Vulnerable (VU) – meets one of the 5 red list criteria and thus considered to be at high risk of unnatural (human-caused) extinction without further human intervention.

Near threatened (NT) – close to being at high risk of extinction in the near future.

Least concern (LC) – unlikely to become extinct in the near future.

Data deficient (DD)

BERN KA: EK III: Under protection

KKA: EK II: Under strict protection KKA/TR : Species Objected By Turkey, Which Cannot Be Strictly Protected

CITES

Ek I : Endangered Species, Species Permitted to Trade Only in Exceptional Circumstances Ek II : While Their Descendants Are Not Endangered by Absolute Extinction Controlled Traded Species to Prevent Street Uses

Migration G: Immigrant Y: Native

TKL Red Data Book for Birds of Turkey (Kiziroğlu, 2008) A.1.2/B.1.2: The populations of these species have decreased a lot throughout Turkey and are represented by 1-10 pairs in the regions where they are observed. Since these species are under the threat of extinction, they are the species that must be protected throughout Turkey. A.2/B.2: The number of species included in this criterion varies between 11-25 pairs in the regions where they are observed. These species are also under significant threat of extinction, and they are the species that will surely face extinction if the extinction pressure continues as it is today. A.3/B.3: The populations of the species in this criterion in Turkey generally vary between 26-250 pairs in the regions where they are observed. These species are also susceptible to extinction and are at high risk of extinction in nature. A.3.1: There is a decrease in the populations of the species in this criterion in the regions where they are observed. The population of these species also varies between 251-500 pairs and includes species with a decrease compared to previous records in the regions where they are observed. A.4: Although the population densities of the species in this criterion have not yet been threatened with extinction in the regions where they are observed, there is a local decrease in their populations and they are qualified as candidates for extinction over time. A.5: There is no decrease in the observed populations of the species in this criterion and there is no threat of extinction yet.

IUCN

53 bird species were recorded in the monitoring studies carried out in March-April-May within

the scope of the 2021 Spring migration period in and around the project site. Among these

species, there is the VU-Vulnerable Turtle Dove in the red category, which is in danger of

extinction in natural life according to the IUCN criteria. It has only been encountered once in

the field. Other species are common LC (least concern) (Least threatened) species.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulnerable_species

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_threatened

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_concern

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_deficient


45

BERN

Bern Convention (Convention on Conservation of European Wildlife and Habitats, 1979)

approved by the Council of Ministers on 09.01.1984 and published in the Official Gazette dated

20.02.1994. According to Article 4.1 of Section 4.1, all parties are obliged to protect the habitats

of wild species, especially those included in Annex List-II. In addition, they have to pay special

attention to areas that are important for migratory species in Annex-II (Strictly Protected) and

Annex-III (Protected). According to Article 6 of the Convention, all parties have to take the

necessary legal and administrative decisions, especially for the species in Annex-II. In this

sense, 39 of the bird species detected in the spring monitoring period in the WPP site and its

immediate surroundings are in Annex II (KKA), namely under absolute protection, and 7 are in

Annex III (KA) category, that is, under protection. In addition, 6 bird species not covered by

the contract and 1 bird species within the scope of KKA/TR were observed in the project site

and its immediate surroundings.

CITES

According to the CITES convention, there are no bird species in Annex I, and there are 9 species

in Annex-II. The remaining 44 bird species are out of the scope of the contract.

Decisions of the Turkish Central Hunting Commission (MAK) 2020-2021

Among the game animals determined by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 9 species

were identified in the category of Wild Animals under Protection by the Central Hunting

Commission (Annex List I), and these are non-hunted species. 7 species from Annex List II,

which includes Species Allowed to Hunt for Certain Periods by the Central Hunting

Commission, were observed in the field and in its immediate vicinity. There are also 37 bird

species that are not covered by the Central Hunting Commission Decisions.

Migration Status

Due to its geographical location, Turkey has routes where intense bird activity takes place

within its borders (Kiziroğlu et al. 2013). In addition to the migration movements with different

content and intensity in different parts of the country in the spring and autumn seasons, there is


46

an intense bird movement towards the wetlands in our country from the northern latitudes in

the winter season. The primary reason for this situation is the relatively mild climatic conditions

prevailing in Turkey despite the extreme winter conditions in the northern latitudes of the

Western Palearctic Region, especially in the northern regions of Turkey. As a result of the

adverse meteorological conditions in northern latitudes, groups belonging to species, a

significant part of which are defined as waterfowl, head towards Turkey. Among these groups,

the order Anseriformes, which includes goose and duck species, stands out. The flocks of birds

leaving these areas as a result of the adverse conditions in northern latitudes descend towards

the south in order to reach latitudes with more temperate conditions in the south. In this process,

they prefer Turkey, which is preferred in the south and where much milder conditions prevail

compared to the climatic conditions in the northern latitudes, where there are many natural and

artificial, stagnant or river wetlands.

The main route of the north-south directional bird migration movements over Turkey lies

between the Eastern Black Sea and Thrace Regions in the north and the Mediterranean Region

in the south. While a small part of the migratory birds that enter our country's borders from the

south in spring stay in Turkey, a significant part continue their journey to the north. In the

meantime, they leave the borders of Turkey by either passing over the Thrace Region in the

northwest, or reaching the Black Sea in the northeast, around Artvin. In this process, some

waterfowl and some passerine groups make their migration journeys along the western coasts.

In the autumn period, there is a migration movement in the opposite direction. Among the forms

that migrate in herds throughout the country, Storks (Ciconia sp.) are among the species that

form the largest flocks and have the highest number of transiting individuals. This group is

followed by the daytime predators (Accipitriformes) (Erdoğan et al., 2020).

A total of 53 bird species were identified in the region during the monitoring studies carried out

during the autumn migration period in the WPP site and its vicinity. Of these, 17, 32%, are

summer migratory (S) and 36, 68%, native (Y) bird species observed throughout the year.


47

Bird Migration Map Of Turkey (Kiziroğlu vd 2013)(on top)

Autumn-Spring migration routes of the species that migrate through the Bosphorus and the

Dardanelles (Türkiye’deki Kuş Haraketliliği Haritaları, 2012)(below)

The area where the wind power plant will be established is located near the main migration

routes of the soaring migratory birds during the spring migration period. Some of the main

migration routes through which migration movements over Turkey take place are given below.

Observations made in the field in 2021 also confirm this data. Two white pelican migrations

were encountered in the field. The first of these occurred as a group of over 1000 on 20 April

2021 and the second as 59 individuals on 27 April 2021. In addition, Stork migration of

approximately 200 individuals was observed on March 22, 2021. Apart from these, Bee-birds

were frequently encountered in groups of 10-20 individuals, and a group of 16 individuals of

Falcons was observed.


48

Although it is thought that migratory birds can use the project area in foggy and rainy conditions

depending on the weather conditions, no data in large flocks were found in the monitoring,

except for the migration of White pelicans and storks. Therefore, in the observation and

monitoring studies conducted at the Bozüyük WPP site, it has been observed that this area does

not have a single transit route or a bottleneck in which birds are concentrated. With the effect

of the geographical structure, it was seen that the birds passed from different points of the area

and flew at different heights.

Spring Great White Pelican Migration in the Project area


49

Spring Stork Migration in the Project area

The Direct Impacts of WPP on Birds

Wind power plants have four main effects on birds. These;

Habitat Loss and Degradation

Barrier Effect and Impact

Disturbance and Displacement

These effects can reach lethal proportions, especially for large birds that glide by rising with

thermals. In the Spring monitoring studies carried out in the project area, mostly small passerine

species were seen. These are generally encountered as native species. Predators, singly or in

pairs, usually come to the area for feeding or for a short stay. In addition to these, Swallow,

Bee-eater and Stork have been determined as species showing migratory behavior.

Although the birds make minor changes in the routes depending on the weather conditions, the

place of catching the thermal air and the distance of rise in bird migrations, the main route does

not change. In the monitoring studies, it has been determined that migratory bird species use

the WPP area as individuals for short-term passage or accommodation. The entire area where


50

the WPP site is located consists of degraded coppice oak and mixed leafy forests. Therefore,

open spaces, old trees, etc., which they can use for accommodation or feeding for soaring birds.

suitable habitats exist.

The spread of songbirds in the parts where the turbines are installed is wide and they are not

under risk throughout Turkey. Area usage characteristics of the observed Passeriformes species

were examined and it was determined that they were in diurnal activities, feeding and breeding

activities. In the field, it was observed that the species were generally active along the road. It

has been noted that Passeridae, Fringillidae, Sylvidae, Hirundinidae, Turdidae and Apodidae

species, which are native to our country or come to our country in summer, are active in the

area. No adverse factor affecting the species directly was observed. It is seen that some species

stay in the field for a short time and feed.

Predators are very rare in the field. This means that the area consists of unstratified and closed

forests, and therefore agricultural land, etc. It is thought to be due to the habitat structure without

openings. Wheatears, which are summer migrants from Passeriformes species, have been

actively observed in and around the facility. Passeridae species are concentrated in forest-

formed areas. It has been observed that these species do not leave the area they specialize in

and exhibit all their activities in the same region. Turdidae species are the most active species

in the area. These species have been recorded in almost the entire area. The observation area

has been expanded, but no migration activity has been observed in the region, except for the

activity of only some passerine species. A significant portion of the detected species are small

songbirds. In the WPP area, more Motacilla flava, Motacilla alba, Fringilla colebs,

Phylloscopus collybita, Parus major, Parus ater, Lanius collurio, Streptopelia decaocto,

Accipiter nisus and Buteo buteo species are common and a few bird species with a high degree

of ecological tolerance are sheltered.

Turbine heights and elevation of the site are very important for the birds using the project site.

During the spring observations, road constructions continued in the area. During this period, no

individual, that is, a carcass, was found in the area as a result of the turbine impact. This

situation will also be followed during the operation phase. The distance between the turbines at

the site is 450 m or more. It is thought that this distance will greatly reduce the barrier hazard

for birds.


51

No negative factors that directly affect the species were observed in the area. Although the area

where the WPP is located is close to the main bird migration route and on the route of gliding

birds, it brings to mind the possibility that migratory birds may migrate in this area, observations

have shown that the area is not a Critical Habitat where direct or indirect significant negative

impacts may occur in terms of migratory birds. Alternative habitats are available in the

environment.

Most of the bird species known to be widely distributed have been identified in the project area

and their population densities are moderate. In addition, it has been determined that the majority

of the bird species detected are passerine species and they do not make long-high-altitude

flights. Therefore, it is expected that the project site is not an important bird area in terms of

feeding, sheltering and breeding activities of birds and the risk of birds hitting the propellers is

low since most of them are ground birds that do not make long-distance-high-altitude flights.

This situation gives the idea that these negative effects may be low on native birds in the project

area. Wind turbines can affect the ecological links between bird feeding, wintering, breeding

and molting areas and can hinder long flights around wind farms, imposing restrictions on bird

movements. This increases the birds' energy needs and negatively impacts their health (large

wind farms or the combined impact of multiple wind farms are top concerns). Since most of the

existing bird species in the project area are ground-fed birds that do not make long-high-altitude

flights, it is not expected that birds will prevent their long flights around wind turbines and

impose restrictions on the movements of birds.

Disturbance in birds can be caused by the appearance, vibration, noise of the turbines and the

surrounding vehicle traffic. Therefore, this species or species may lose their feeding and nesting

areas. As a result of this reaction, it has been observed that the birds stay away from the central

areas, so they can stay away from the feeding areas. No data on this was found in the field. This

impact will be re-evaluated once all turbines are operational.

During the Spring observations in the field, the turbine installations were not completed yet.

Therefore, no carcass was detected in the observations made at the Project site.


52

Old trees in the Project area

Protected Areas

Within the project area, Important Bird Area (IBA), Important Natural Area (KBA), national

parks, nature parks, wetlands, natural monuments, nature protection areas, wildlife protection

areas, wild animal breeding areas, cultural areas, natural assets, protected areas and protection

areas, biogenetic reserve areas, biosphere reserves, special environmental protection areas,

special protection areas, protection areas related to drinking and utility water resources.

There are no Special Protection Areas, Nature Protection Areas and other important areas

determined for certain bird species in Europe in this project area and its immediate

surroundings, which are to be avoided when choosing a location for the electricity transmission

lines of the World Bird Protection Agency (Birdlife, 2017; Kirwan et al. et al., 2008).

The distances of the project area to protected areas and important bird areas are 48 km to Uludağ

National Park, 50 km to Türkmenbaba YHGS and 42 km to Vakıf Çamlık Nature Reserve.


53

From this point of view, it has been evaluated that the site selection of the project site is not an

ornithological problem.

Protected areas close to the project area

Cumulative Area (with other WPP ) Assessment

Can Enerji's Metristepe WPP project and Saraycık Petrol WPP project are located in Bozüyük

district within an area of 20 km bird flight diameter, which includes Bozüyük WPP project. The

distance between WPPs is over 20 km. Therefore, it has been determined that there is no barrier

effect in the area as a whole.


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The nearest Metristepe WPP to project area

The results of the data obtained from the 2021 Spring Bird Monitoring studies, which is the

first monitoring period of the project area, it has been evaluated in the pre-operation evaluations

of the Bozüyük WPP site that the commissioning of the site will not cause measurable, negative

and direct effects on the biodiversity values in terms of bird species and the bio-ecological

processes that support these values. June 30, 2021.

Prof. Dr. Ebubekir GÜNDOĞDU Bursa Technical University

Department of Wildlife


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Prof. Dr. Ebubekir GÜNDOĞDU, Ornithologist

Gundogdu, completed his undergraduate education, which he started in 1993, at Istanbul

University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forestry Engineering in 1997. In 2001, he wrote

his master's thesis named "Observations on Forest Birds in Some Protected Areas Around

Isparta"; In 2006, “Wild Goat Capra aegagrus Erxl. He completed his doctoral thesis titled

“Population Ecology of 1777”. After working at Süleyman Demirel University between 1998-

2006 and at Karadeniz Technical University between 2010-2019, he has been continuing his

academic life at Bursa Technical University since 2019.

Gündoğdu managed 7 master's and 2 doctorate theses in his 22 years of academic life; He has

published over 50 international and national articles, papers and books on Large Mammals,

Birds, Planning of protected areas, Biodiversity and Wildlife. He worked as a coordinator and

researcher in 28 international and national projects. In addition, it has implemented many

Wildlife Inventory projects, Long Term Development Plans and Management Plans with

Nature Conservation and National Parks. He worked as an expert in the Biodiversity plans of

Giresun, Erzincan, Ardahan and Bayburt provinces. Ornithologist in wind power plant (WPP)

projects; He has worked as a fauna expert in solar energy projects (SEP) and Hydroelectric

power plant projects (HEPP). He still continues his administrative duties as Head of the

Department, Head of the Department and a member of the Faculty Board. He is married and

has two children.

Eray KARLIKLI, Wildlife Expert

He completed his undergraduate education at Blacksea Technical University, Department of

Wildlife Ecology and Management in 2019. He has been working as a researcher in

ecological and ornithological monitoring studies in Bozüyük WPP project since spring 2021.

Documents

ENERGY INVESTMENT PRODUCTION and TRADE INC Bozüyük Wind