ENERGY IN OUR LIFEENERGY IN OUR LIFE

COMENIUS PROJECT 2010-2012COMENIUS PROJECT 2010-2012

LYCEE JEAN JACQUES  ROUSSEAU de LYCEE JEAN JACQUES  ROUSSEAU de MONTMORENCY MONTMORENCY 

The final energy consumption in France is in the The final energy consumption in France is in the form: form:

• The consumption of petroleum products The consumption of petroleum products (transportation, heating, industrial process ...) (transportation, heating, industrial process ...)

• The consumption of natural gas (heating, The consumption of natural gas (heating, industry, housing ...) industry, housing ...)

• The consumption of electricity (heating, The consumption of electricity (heating, housing, industry, ...) housing, industry, ...)

• The consumption of renewable energy. The consumption of renewable energy.

In 2008, energy is consumed by households in In 2008, energy is consumed by households in France and the tertiary sector (43%) by the France and the tertiary sector (43%) by the transport sector (31% of the total final transport sector (31% of the total final consumption), and industry and agriculture consumption), and industry and agriculture (26%).(26%).

In 2008, local production (native) of primary In 2008, local production (native) of primary energy is 137 Mtoe (mainly nuclear power), total energy is 137 Mtoe (mainly nuclear power), total imports account for 172 Mtoe of energy (mainly imports account for 172 Mtoe of energy (mainly oil and gas where local production is very low) oil and gas where local production is very low) and exports (electricity and refined products) and exports (electricity and refined products) account for 34 Mtep. account for 34 Mtep.

Energy production in France is mainly in the form Energy production in France is mainly in the form of electricity generation (121 Mtoe in 2008, a of electricity generation (121 Mtoe in 2008, a total of 137 Mtoe produced). The production of total of 137 Mtoe produced). The production of electricity in France is made for 76.5% by the electricity in France is made for 76.5% by the nuclear industry France; France is the second nuclear industry France; France is the second producer of nuclear energy in the world after the producer of nuclear energy in the world after the United States. The rest of the production of United States. The rest of the production of electricity is supplied from renewable energy electricity is supplied from renewable energy sources (hydroelectric, and solar and wind sources (hydroelectric, and solar and wind marginally) and heating plants. The power grid is marginally) and heating plants. The power grid is increasingly interconnected with the networks of increasingly interconnected with the networks of neighboring countries. neighboring countries.

Energy in France

•A/ The main sources of energy in A/ The main sources of energy in France.France.

•B/ The energy consumption by B/ The energy consumption by source, a chart of comparison source, a chart of comparison between France, €urope and the between France, €urope and the World. World.

•C/ Some definitions to understand.C/ Some definitions to understand.

What are the main sources of What are the main sources of energy in France?energy in France?

France uses many primary energy to meet their France uses many primary energy to meet their needs. These agents are of different types needs. These agents are of different types and sources are the result of imports.and sources are the result of imports.

Energy produced in Energy produced in FranceFrance

Renewable energies are energies that are Renewable energies are energies that are naturally regenerated and inexhaustible to naturally regenerated and inexhaustible to the time scale of our civilization.the time scale of our civilization.

France has a high Hydraulic and Geothermal France has a high Hydraulic and Geothermal potential. It has the largest forest in Western potential. It has the largest forest in Western Europe. France is the second largest producer Europe. France is the second largest producer of renewable Energy of EU, mainly through its of renewable Energy of EU, mainly through its timber resources and Hydropower. In 2008, timber resources and Hydropower. In 2008, renewables provided 13.9% of the French renewables provided 13.9% of the French production of Primary energy.production of Primary energy.

CoalCoal

Coal has long been the main source of Coal has long been the main source of energy in France. The peak of production energy in France. The peak of production was reached during the Industrial was reached during the Industrial revolution. After WWII, the exploitation revolution. After WWII, the exploitation decreased. And in 1994, decreased. And in 1994, Coal Pact wasCoal Pact was signed by government. It aimed at signed by government. It aimed at stopping the exploitation of coal. The last stopping the exploitation of coal. The last mine still operating, closed in April 2004.mine still operating, closed in April 2004.

During this operating period, 4.465 billion During this operating period, 4.465 billion tons of coal were mined, 2.275 billion tons tons of coal were mined, 2.275 billion tons in the Nord-Pas-De-Calais, 693 in Lorraine in the Nord-Pas-De-Calais, 693 in Lorraine and 1 478 million tons in Centre-Midiand 1 478 million tons in Centre-Midi

OilOil

In 2008, about 1 million ton of oil is In 2008, about 1 million ton of oil is operated from the French basement operated from the French basement against the equivalent of 50 000 tons of against the equivalent of 50 000 tons of fuel in 1939. This represented 1.5% of fuel in 1939. This represented 1.5% of the annual consumption. the annual consumption. the oil IS the oil IS extractedextracted approximately for 60% approximately for 60% from from the suburbs of Paristhe suburbs of Paris, 40% in Aquitaine , 40% in Aquitaine and less than 1% in Alsace.and less than 1% in Alsace.

Natural GasNatural Gas

In the 1970s, we produced about 33 % of the In the 1970s, we produced about 33 % of the internal consumption of the other european internal consumption of the other european countries in natural gas. countries in natural gas. Because of increasing Because of increasing demand and resource depletion, in 2007, 98% demand and resource depletion, in 2007, 98% of consumption comes from imports which can of consumption comes from imports which can provide more and faster. provide more and faster. On 1st january 2007, On 1st january 2007, reserves amount to about 6 billion mreserves amount to about 6 billion m33 or 56 or 56 years of current production or ½ months of years of current production or ½ months of national consumption.national consumption.

Imported energyImported energy

France is generally very dependant on France is generally very dependant on imports for fossil fuels.imports for fossil fuels.

Petroleum and petroleum Petroleum and petroleum productsproducts

Since 1999, imports of crude oil have Since 1999, imports of crude oil have fluctuated between 80 and 86 million fluctuated between 80 and 86 million tons to receive 83 million ton in 2008. tons to receive 83 million ton in 2008. This oil comes from four main This oil comes from four main geographical areas: Africa (29%), geographical areas: Africa (29%), countries of the former USSR (29%), the countries of the former USSR (29%), the middle East (22%) and North Sea middle East (22%) and North Sea (20%).(20%).

CoalCoal

In 2008, France imported 14.2 Mtoe of In 2008, France imported 14.2 Mtoe of Coal mainly from Australia (26%), the Coal mainly from Australia (26%), the United-states (18%), South Africa (15%) United-states (18%), South Africa (15%) and Colombia (9%).and Colombia (9%).

Natural GasNatural Gas

In 2008, France imported 40 Mtoe of In 2008, France imported 40 Mtoe of Natural Gas. These imports are mainly Natural Gas. These imports are mainly from Norway (28%),the Netherlands from Norway (28%),the Netherlands (16%), Algeria (14%) and Russia (13%).(16%), Algeria (14%) and Russia (13%).

Nuclear EnergyNuclear Energy

The exploration of Uranium started on the The exploration of Uranium started on the national territory in 1946. The last national territory in 1946. The last uranium mine at Jouac, closed in 2001. uranium mine at Jouac, closed in 2001. Nowadays, the natural uranium used in Nowadays, the natural uranium used in France is fully imported.France is fully imported.

« Electricité de France », the French « Electricité de France », the French nuclear plants’ operator, had, in 2005, nuclear plants’ operator, had, in 2005, uranium stocks equivalent to three times uranium stocks equivalent to three times the consumption prediction.the consumption prediction.

The energy consumption by source, in 1999 (in thousand metric tons oil

equivalent) :Sources France Europe World

Total Fossils Fuels 139,9422,117,48

47 689 047

Coal and coal products 15,267 480,313 3 563 084

Crude oil and natural gas liquids 82,404 906,066 3,563,084

Natural gas 34,471 786,787 2,012,559

Nuclear 102,742 303,885 661,901

Hydroelectric 6,227 60,847 1,097,889

Renewables, excuding hydroelectric

10,001 64,845 1,097,889

Primary solid biomass (includes fuelwood)

9,440 56,374 1,035,139

Biogas and liquid biomass 373 1,919 14,931

Geothermal 117,3 4,886 43,802

Solar 17,7 390 2,217

Wind 3,1 1,227 1,748

Tide, wave and ocean 49,9 50 53

Electricity consumptionIt is the amount of electricity consumed by each country or region int the year specified. This variable incudes electricity from all energy source. This variable accounts for the amount of electricity consumed by the end user, meaning that losses due to transportation, friction, heat loss and other inefficiencies are not included in this figure.

(In Twh)