Energy

The balloon was filled with HydrogenHydrogen .

Along with Oxygen, the contents of the balloon

combined to form waterwater.

The energy stored in the balloon is ALL chemicalchemical

What forms of energy did this transform into?

Heat , Mechanical, Radiant, SoundHeat , Mechanical, Radiant, Sound

L.o.C.o.E.

The amount of energy we started with is

more than

equal to equal to less than

the amount we ended with.

L.o.C.o.E•

Energy cannot be CreatedCreated !

•Energy cannot be DestroyedDestroyed !

•Energy can ONLY be TransformedTransformed !

• This simple set of statements is called the Law

of Conservation of EnergyConservation of Energy .

•When any energy is transformed, heatheat is always released.

THE BASICS:THE BASICS:

• Energy can be measured with two basic units:

CaloriesCalories and JoulesJoules •

Energy can be found in two (2)two (2) different TYPES!

•POTENTIAL ENERGY: storedstored

• KINETIC ENERGY: movingmoving

THE BASICS:THE BASICS:

• Energy is found in 77different FORMS!

• Most energy forms can be found as both types.

• Some cannot be stored by themselves, only transformed into from other forms.

CHEMICALENERGY

CHEMICAL ENERGY:• Chemical energy is stored in chemical bondschemical bonds•

Plants use a process called photosynthesisphotosynthesis to

store the sun’s energy as sugars in fruits and roots.

•CO2 + Water + ENERGYENERGY → Sugar + Oxygen gas

•The plant takes in the raw materials of COCO22 and

waterwater and then uses the sun’s radiant energy to

““glue”glue” them together.

CHEMICAL ENERGY:•

Chemical energy is used when bondsbonds are broken.

• We eat the sugar and use the energy to make chemicals

that we need to live. This is called respirationrespirationSugar + Oxygen gas → CO2 + Water + ENERGYENERGY• The amount of Calories in our food can be determined by

burning the food in a calorimeterburning the food in a calorimeter

HEATENERGY

HEAT ENERGY:

• Heat occurs whenever particles collidecollide • Two things happen when heat is added to

particles speed upspeed up and spread outspread out

• The average speed of particles is called

temperaturetemperature

HEAT ENERGY:•

Heat ALWAYS travels from HOTHOT to COLDCOLD until temperatures are the same.

•“Cold” refers to something that has less heatheat than something else.

• When something gets “cold”, heat is being

removedremoved

HEAT ENERGY:• Conduction- direct contact with direct contact with

temperature differencestemperature differences • Convection- circulation within a circulation within a

fluid (liquids and gases )fluid (liquids and gases ) • Radiation- an electromagnetic wave an electromagnetic wave

called INFRARED.called INFRARED.

ELectricalENERGY

ELECTRICAL ENERGY:

• Electricity is usually stored as chemical energy.

• One chemical givesgives electrons; the other

takes takes electrons.

• Static electricity can occur when there is a

buildup of electronselectrons.

• Opposite charges attract attract • Like charges repel repel

ELECTRICAL ENERGY:

• The balloon has been rubbed on your hair. Draw the charges you would find on the balloon and the wall.

Wall

ELECTRICAL ENERGY:

• Two balloons have been rubbed on your head. Draw their interaction in the space below.

ELECTRICAL ENERGY:

• You place your hand on the Van de Graaf generator. Draw your hair AND the charges you would predict.

ELECTRICAL ENERGY:

• Electricity refers to the flow of

electrons electrons • A circuit must be closed closed

(completed) (completed) for electrons to flow.

• There are two types of circuits

series series and parallelparallel

ELECTRICAL ENERGY:

• SERIES CIRCUIT– Shares the voltage– Adding a light makes all of them dimmer– One goes out…they all go out

ELECTRICAL ENERGY:

• PARALLEL CIRCUIT– All receive maximum voltage– Adding a light changes nothing– One goes out…the rest stay on

ELECTRICAL ENERGY:

• Voltage (Volts): electrical pressure electrical pressure (the umpf behind the electrons) (the umpf behind the electrons)

Amperage (Amps): the frequency of the frequency of electrons electrons

mechanical

ENERGY

MECHANICAL ENERGY:

• Also called gravitational potential energy:

P.E. = mghP.E. = mass mass X gravity gravity X height height kg m/s2 m

MECHANICAL ENERGY:

• Kinetic Energy – The energy of motionThe energy of motion

K.E. = ½ mv2

K.E. = ½ mass mass X velocityvelocity2

kg m/s

MECHANICAL ENERGY:

nuclearENERGY

NUCLEAR ENERGY:

Protons Positive (+)Positive (+)

Neutrons Neutral (0)Neutral (0)

NUCLEAR ENERGY:

Nuclear energy holds the nucleus together. It would love to fly apart!

NUCLEAR ENERGY:

Nuclear fission is when the nucleus of large atoms is split.

Uncontrolled Fission !!!

Controlled Fission !!!

radiantENERGY

RADIANT ENERGY:

• What is light? An electromagnetic wave

RADIANT ENERGY:

Light is produced when a charged a charged particle is vibrated.particle is vibrated.

RADIANT ENERGY:

EM waves travel at the “speed of light”

which is… 300,000,000 300,000,000 m/s m/s or or

300 thousand 300 thousand km/skm/s

RADIANT ENERGY:

What is a wavelength?

RADIANT ENERGY:

Which wavelengths have the most / least energy?

• Name some types of light in the spaces below.

RADIANT ENERGY:

What wavelengths of light CAN been seen by humans?

soundENERGY

SOUND ENERGY:

• Sound is a wave of matter

SOUND ENERGY:

• Sound cannot travel through a vacuum.

• Sound travels slowest through a GAS, fastest through a SOLID.

SOUND ENERGY:

• What is frequency?– The number of wavelengths that pass by a The number of wavelengths that pass by a

point in one second. point in one second. – Measured in HertzMeasured in Hertz

• What is pitch?– Refers to how high or low a tone isRefers to how high or low a tone is

SOUND ENERGY:

• Doppler Effect: