Energy Hub Management System Project

Presentation to theSmart Grid Forum by

Prof. Ian Rowlands and Prof. Claudio Cañizares

2 May 2011

Outline

• context• achievements• forthcoming• prospects• discussion

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• ‘Transformative Energy Innovation’ competition launched by Ontario Centres of Excellence (Centre for Energy) in August 2007

• 100+ applicants, 16 invited to submit full application, six selected in February 2008

• contract signed in late 2008

Context

3www.oce‐ontario.org/Pages/COEEnergy.aspx?COE=EN

Context

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Context

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EHMS

www.fotosearch.com/clip‐art/smog.html; www.ieso.ca/imoweb/siteShared/demand_price.asp?sid=ic; 

www.aperfectworld.org/weather.htm; airqualityontario.com/reports/summary.cfm; www.fotosearch.com/clip‐art/

OCE theme of ‘conservation and demand management’

Context

• Ontario’s three guiding principles for smart grids– customer control

– access, visibility, control, participation in renewable generation, customer choice, education

– power system flexibility– adaptive infrastructure

– flexibility, forward compatibility, encourage innovation, maintain pulse on innovation

6www.powerauthority.on.ca/sites/default/files/page/Minister_directive_smart_grid_20101123_0.pdf; thestar.com

Achievements

• Structure

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Achievements

• Structure

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Achievements

• Modelling– MILP mathematical model:

• J = Energy costs and/or Energy consumption and/or Emission costs [and/or Peak load].

• First constraint limits the maximum peak load (Si is a binary variable representing appliance on/off status).

• Second set of constraints are different for each appliance.

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Achievements

• Modelling– Appliances modelled:

• fridge • stove• AC • lighting• electrical/gas heating • pool pump• electrical/gas water heater • PV array• washer and dryer • energy storage• dishwasher

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Achievements

• Modelling: residential exampleDevice Name plate Average value

Air conditioner 3200 W 2200 W ( running wattage )

Furnace 75 kBtu/hr, 1150 W 2.136 m3/hr

Fridge 900 W 600 W

Water heater 42 kBtu/hr, 600 W, 60 Gallon 1.187 m3/hr

Lighting 150 W

Stove 4600 W 1500 W (avg. power during cycle)

Dishwasher 1250 W 700 W (avg. power during cycle)

Cloth washer 2000 W 450 W (avg. power during cycle)

Dryer 5000 W 1100 W (avg. power during cycle)

Pool pump 750 W

Energy storage device 3 kW solar PV panel, 30 kWh battery storage, minimum storage level 6 kWh

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Achievements

• Modelling: residential exampleItem Case 5 Reduction w.r.t

Case 0 PT (%)Reduction w.r.t Case 0 FTS (%)

Energy cost ($) 5.04 19.26 20.86

Energy consumption (kWh) 49.96 12.21 14.68

Gas cost ($) 1.35 6.05 6.05

Gas consumption (cu.m) 4.60 6.05 6.05

Emission (kg) 3.82 -22.95 -24.66

Peak demand (kW) 15.49 -9.08 -28.02

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Achievements

• Modelling: residential example– Peak load constraint

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Achievements

• Modelling: residential example– AC operation

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Achievements

• Modelling: refrigerator example

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Achievements

• Modelling: distribution feeder model• MINLP model:

– Objective Function:• Minimize energy drawn from substation.• Limit number of switching operations.

– Equality Constraints:• Three-phase component models

– Conductors/cables.– Switches.– Transformers.– Load Tap Changers (LTCs).– Loads and Capacitors.– Switched Capacitors (SCs).

• Network Equations.– Inequality Constraints:

• Voltage limit (as per ANSI).• Feeder current limits.

– Integer variables:• Discrete LTC taps.• Switch capacitor blocks.

• Model has been solved using and ad-hoc iterative approach based on an NLP model.

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Achievements

• Understanding keys to consumer engagement

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http://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstream/10012/5219/1/Deline_MaryElizabeth.pdf

Achievements• Understanding keys to consumer engagement

– making electricity consumption public and subject to social norms may reduce consumption

• “… we all have a somewhat competitive nature and don't want to be outdone by our neighbours when it comes to conservation.”

– ‘closer’ groups may get ‘better’ results reduced consumption and more comments

• “Kind of enjoyed the sense of ‘competition’.”– key may have been the ‘learning’

• “The main influence of participation was to assist all members of our household to become focused on the issues. I would share our daily performance with everyone and it would influence their behavioursthus effecting our outcomes.”

18http://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstream/10012/5219/1/Deline_MaryElizabeth.pdf

Achievements

• Understanding keys to consumer engagement– information alone is not a strong motivator for behavioural

change– consumption feedback needs to be relative to a

meaningful point of reference• … your own past; others’ present …

– little is known of how interest in home energy conservation may be developed through home energy goal-setting and appliance-specific performance-based feedback

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http://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstream/10012/5219/1/Deline_MaryElizabeth.pdf

Achievements

• Understanding keys to consumer engagement

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Achievements

• Experience when the ‘smart grid rubber hits the road’– ‘seamless plug and play’ is a phrase that has

been used by vendors (and may be true in some cases) …

– but numerous permutations and combinations have yet to be tried …

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Achievements

• Experience when the ‘smart grid rubber hits the road’– blazing a new trail (e.g., new parts together)

and therefore need new information• develop custom protocols that require complete

documentation from multiple vendors• firmware may be incomplete or not fully tested• often hard to find the ‘right technical person’

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Achievements

• Experience when the ‘smart grid rubber hits the road’– our development of an integrative system

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Achievements

• Developing/training a new generation of energy system professionals

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sandc.com; cornell.edu; caiso.org; nec.com; reepwaterlooregion.ca; sustainablewaterloo.org; town.caledon.on.ca

Forthcoming

up to 50 residential pilots in the Milton

Hydro service territory being

launched

25www.eda-on.ca/eda/edaweb.nsf/0/EAE8F5FF5F329F5585256D47006B907B/$FILE/LDC_Ontario_Map.pdf

15 non-residential pilots in the Hydro

One service territory soon to be

launched

Forthcoming• Residential EHMS models have been made public

through a US provisional patent and two submitted IEEE Transactions papers.

• Deployment of residential EHMS pilots (from this week):– Monitoring phase (Spring 2011 and Summer 2011):

• Modeling parameters (e.g. average power ratings, temperature change rates) will be obtained from measurements (e.g. powers, temperature variations) at different households.

• Models will be run and tuned, and “theoretical” savings reported to users.

– Control phase (Fall 2011 & Winter 2012):• Model decisions will be used to control appliances.• Results will be used to determine actual savings and for model

improvement.

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Forthcoming• Models for other sectors:

– Agricultural: storage facility and greenhouse– Commercial/institutional: arena and small grocery stores– Industrial: distribution feeder models; generic– These models will tested and fine tuned in an open-loop

mode, i.e. no automatic control actions are expected.– All models will be integrated into a full US patent

application by April 2012– Energent (www.energent.com) is lead commercialisation

partner

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Forthcoming

• Understanding customer engagement

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Which indicator to use? … electricity, money or environmental impact?

Which end-use is ‘sacrificed’, should the

budget be running down?

Forthcoming• Understanding customer engagement

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How are multiple goals balanced?

Forthcoming

• Overall system validation

30www.corbisimages.com/

Forthcoming

• Understanding of other sectors

– Where are the commercial opportunities, what are the ‘value propositions’ in these instances?

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www.gardeningideas101.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/greenhouse.JPG; www.city.waterloo.on.ca/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=1057; www.energy.siemens.com/us/en/mechanical-drives/steam-turbines/sst-300.htm

Prospects

• Areas for continued investigation include …– macro-hub optimisation (of a series of micro-

hubs)– customer engagement and customer value(s)

• Support for such work could include …– Ministry of Energy Smart Grid Fund– OCE Smart Grid Competition

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Discussion

• UW investigators– Prof. Ian Rowlands (PI, Faculty of Environment)

• irowland@uwaterloo.ca, (519) 888-4567, ext. 32574

– Prof. Claudio Cañizares (Faculty of Engineering)• ccanizar@uwaterloo.ca, (519) 888-4567, ext. 35333

– Prof. Kankar Bhattacharya (Faculty of Engineering)– Prof. Paul Parker (Faculty of Environment)

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http://www.environment.uwaterloo.ca/research/greenpower/energyhub/index.html