energy environment enda development · 2 - SEEA-WA : Supporting Energy Efficiency for Access in West Africa Supporting Energy Efficiency for Access in West Africa ECOWAS regional

energyenvironmentdevelopmentenda

33

Preamble...................................................................................................................................................................2

eNerGY aND DeVelOPmeNT IN aFrICa............................................................................................8

eNerGY GOVerNaNCe..................................................................................................................................10

ACCESS TO SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR ALL, FIGHT AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE, REGIONAL POLICY ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY : ROLE OF ENDA ENERGY.....................................................................11

GeNDer aND eNerGY....................................................................................................................................12

EVALUATION OF THE INTEGRATION OF GENDER INTHE RURAL ELECTRIFICATION PROGRAM IN SENEGAL .................................................................................................................................................................12

PrOmOTe aCCeSS TO eNerGY SerVICeS FOr THe mOST VUlNrable...................................................................................................................................14

ClImaTe CHaNGe...............................................................................................................................................18

ABOUT AFRICAADAPT....................................................................................................................................19

CaPITalIZaTION OFTHe lOCal beST aDaPTaTION PraCTICeS a CONTrIbUTION TO reDUCINGTHe VUlNerabIlITY OF COmmUNITIeS..............................................................................................................................................24

DeVelOPmeNT OF TOOlS FOr SHarING KNOWleDGe aND aSSeSSING VUlNerabIlITY TO ClImaTe CHaNGe FOr a SUCCeSSFUl aDaPTaTION aT THe COmmUNITY leVel........................................................................................................................26

ClImaTe FreQUeNCY ON raDIOS THaT brOaDCaST ON CHaNGe..............................................................................................................28

CLIMAT FUND : ENDA ENERGY COMMITTED, TOGETHER WITH OTHER AFRICAN CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANISATIONS TO MOBILIZE NEW INTERNATIONAL FUNDS TO FIGHT AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE BETWEEN 2013 AND 2020......................................................................................................................30

aDVOCaCY FOr aN INClUSIVe GOVerNaNCe OF THe aDaPTaTION FUND........................................................................................................................32

DeSerTIFICaTION, aNOTHer FOrm OF VUlNerabIlITY OF COmmUNITIeS lIVING IN arID areaS....................................................................................................................................34

Table of contents

55

ADWAC : agency for Development Women and Children

AFHON : actions in favor of man and nature

AMCEN : african ministerial Conference on the environment

ASER : Senegalese Rural Electrification Agency

CFPJ (CTPY) : Centre for Training and Promotion of young

COP : Conference of the Parties

C3D : Climate Change Capacity Development

ECOWAS : economic Community of West africa States

ECREEE : eCOWaS Center for Studies and research on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency

GGW : Great Green Wall

IKB : Indigenous Knowledge bank

JVE : Young Volunteers for the environment

NEA : National environment agency

RAC : Climate action Network France

SEEA-WA : Support for access to energy efficiency in West Africa

SEI : Stockholm environment Institute

SESAL : energy security for food security

SE4ALL : Sustainable energy for all

SLM : Sustainable land management

UNESCO : United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

UNITAR : United Nations Institute for Training and research

UNFCCC : United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

WECARD : West and Central african Council for research and agricultural development

YMCA : Young men’s Christian association

Acronyms

77

Sécou SARR, Director Enda Energy

T his 2012 report is at a crucial stage in the implementa-tion of multilateral environ-

mental agreements and sustainable development.

Thus, the year 2012 was marked by both the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20), the end of the first phase of commitment of the Kyoto Protocol under the UNFCCC1 and the consecration of the year 2012 by the United Nations as the International Year for Sustainable energy for all (Se4all).

These are milestones that allowed enda energy, through its approach to research-action-training-coach-ing and its strategic platforms, to build stances and advocacy on the challenges of energy transition, green economy, and community-based adaptation to climate change and desertification.

Advocacy on the energy transition to influence public policy is made through : - raising the awareness of policy makers on the components of a new energy path based on an energy mix with strong contribution of renewable energies and on models of inclusive energy governance ; -

1. UNFCCC : United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

and the support provided to policy-makers and citizens to promote low energy consumption and energy efficiency through the adoption of responsible citizen behavior in the use of energy.

T r a c e a b i l i t y a n d i m p a c t s of these interventions in the eCOWaS region have encour-aged enda energy association to develop appropriate tools for monitoring and evaluation for the benefit of practitioners.

moreover, the urgency to build public policies sensitive to climate change and variability based on empirical knowledge, led the association to initiate a process of documenting best practices for adaptation and mitigation including the use of indigenous knowledge to cope with the adverse effects of climate change, desertification, land degra-dation and drought.

a l l o f t h e s e a d a p t a t i o n processes aimed at an integrated and inclusive development encouraged enda energy to launch the initiative «Energy Security for Food Security in a context of climate change.»

Preamble

In accordance with its mission to support sustainable transformational change, the Enda

Energy Association has continued in its efforts to influence public policy as well as frameworks for strengthening the resilience of communities and ecosystems.

8

ENDA ENERGY- ENVIRONMENT- DEVELOPMENT-ENDA ENERGIE- ENVIRONNEMENT -DEVELOPPEMENTENDA ENERGIE- ENVIRONNEMENT -DEVELOPPEMENTENDA ENERGY- ENVIRONMENT- DEVELOPMENT

8

For an energy transition to more sustainable modes

of production and consumption...

ENERGY AND DEVELOPMENT

IN AFRICA

ENERGY AND DEVELOPMENT

IN AFRICA

2012 annual report

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Part one

I n africa, energy services are unevenly distributed and the poor quality of electricity provisioncan have serious

repercussions for economic development and particularly for the poor, for example for small artisans in the informal sector often unequippedwith energy backup systems.

Today, given the multiple demands of sustainable development and poverty alleviation under the pressure of climate change, access to sustainable energy services for all should be recognized as a universal right.

There is a need for africa to adopt an energy mix with strong contribution of renewable energies and a radical change of behavior in the end use of energy.

This necessary transition based on low consumption, energy efficiency and clean energy should be aimed at strengthening the role of citizens, territories and implementation, relying on the prin-ciples of public service provision and international solidarity.

Universal access to sustainable energy (Se4all)thus has an operative meaning. It requires a technology transfer package and new models of energy governance.

It is in this context that enda energy and its partners worked throughout 2012 for the reinvigoration and focus on renewable energies and energy efficiency in the eCOWaS region.

ENERGY

Today more than ever, Africa and the world are facing the need to modify the energy consumption model and begin an energy transition to a new and more sustainable model that can address the concerns of an integrated,fair and inclusive development approach, and to restore social (including gender) and geographic (North / South and rural / urban) or ecological equilibrium.

10


Energy governance

W hat solutions for a more equi-table and broader energy distri-bution are currently available?

How can we ensure the articulation and integration of gender in energy programs to minimize some social imbalances?

What are the solutions for a universal access to sustainable energy services?It is around these three questions that Enda Energy has focused its efforts in 2012 to explore ways to enhance governance of energy transition.

Energy Efficiency : From a regional policy to its implemen-tation at the national level : what is the methodology for monitoring the performance and impacts?

2012 annual report

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Part one

eCOWaS has set a goal of saving 30% of electricity consumption in the region by 2030 thanks to controlling demand and improving the efficiency of electricity provision. In this perspective, its regional Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (eCreee) is implementing the project to support energy efficiency for access to energy-Seea-Wa - whose overall objective is to create the conditions for political, institutional and regulatory frameworks for energy efficiency.

The enda energy association, as part of its cooperation with eCreee, ensures the monitoring and evaluation of out comes and impacts on institutional governance, the economy, social issues and environment.

The methodology developed allows monitoring, with consensual indicators, performance, effects, and, especially, the impact of the Seea-Wa project.

Access to energy for all, fight against climate change and regional policy on energy efficiency : The role of Enda Energy

2 - SEEA-WA : Supporting Energy Efficiency for Access in West Africa Supporting Energy Efficiency for Access in West Africa

ECOWAS regional policy on energy efficiency (EEEP), September 2012

The overall objective of the regional policy by 2020 is to further improve energy efficiency annually to levels comparable to those of developed countries. This means that, each year, the amount of energy required to produce a certain quantity of goods and services will decrease by approximately 4%.

More specifically :

For 2013, the purpose is to create the institutional basis for five major regional initiatives, with the following specific objectives:

Lighting : Replacing inefficient incandescent bulbs by 2020 ;

Electricity distribution : reducing the average loss in the distribution of electricity from the current level of 16% to the global standard of 7% by 2020 ;

Cooking : completing universal access to safe, clean, affordable, efficient and sus-tainable cooking for the entire population of eCOWaS by 2030;

Standards and labels : setting up a Technical Committee of eCOWaS for energy efficiency and labeling and adopting the first labels and common standards throughout the region for major energy facilities by 2014.

Source : ECREEE, 2012

2

12


E nda energy was chosen to conduct an assessment of the integration of gender into the rural electrification

program supported by the World bank.

The objective of the evaluation is to equip the Senegalese rural electrification agency (aSer) with tools and mechanisms to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of its projects and activities from design to implementation with an emphasis a gender sensitive approach.

The methodology was based on the evaluation of opportunities for mains-treaming gender in the process, organization and implementation to meet the challenges of a more gender-sensitive approach.

The aim of this consultation process was to result in an action plan for implementa-tion. It focused on the analysis of gender integration in the program through the review of documents, institutional

Support institutions to achieve effective mainstreaming of gender into energy policies and programs. Evaluation of the integration of gender in the rural electrification program in Senegal (ASER)

Gender and energy

ENDA ENERGIE- ENVIRONNEMENT -DEVELOPPEMENT- ENDA ENERGY- ENVIRONMENT- DEVELOPMENTENDA ENERGY- ENVIRONMENT- DEVELOPMENT - ENDA ENERGIE- ENVIRONNEMENT -DEVELOPPEMENT

2012 annual report

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Part one

assessment, meetingswith partners, fieldwork, then on the identification of lines of action from the constraints and opportunities for gender mainstreaming and challenges that aSer will face for a better gender-sensitive approach.

evaluation outcomes clearly show that energy policies are currently gender- neutral.This has an effect on the implementation of programs and on the approach of aSer.

more specifically, gender issues focus on : taking account of the expectations of men and women, the degree of meeting needs, access to information for the target

population, the degree of involvement of women compared to men, the impact on socioeconomic activities, capacity building, participation in monitoring, the degree of commitment of the program, etc.

This work raises more comprehensive energy problems in underprivileged areas and existing opportunities to achieve social transformation.

Subsequently, outlooks will be developed for changes in scale to raise awareness on gender at the sub-regional level with an emphasis on climate, funding issues, moni-toring impacts on policies, programs and projects.

14


Promoting access to energy services for the most vulnerable

-

-

-

-

-

Key findings of the study reveal :a very high diversity of sources / energy products (Torches, Chinese lamps, candle, car battery, solar, generator, etc.) are used to meet lighting and charging of cell phone needs.

a sharp drop in the prevalence of oil lamps in favor of battery lamps for lighting in nearly 92% of rural households and 54% of peri-urban households.

The majority of households (80%) are not satisfied with the provision of conventional lighting

more than 31% of rural households spend more than 5,000F CFa monthly for lighting purposes. 18% of these spend more than 10,000F CFa monthly. In peri-urban areas some 69% spend on an average of more than 5,000 CFa for lighting services.

Charging mobile phones whose market penetration rate is 93% in the households surveyed is a niche of income-generating activity. In most non-electrified villages and at the louma or weekly markets, recharge operators of cell phones are well-established and develop their business. Some 52% of our samples pay the recharge service of their cell phone at a cost of between 50F and 300F CFa.

meeting the urgent needs of energy transition for better access of vulnerable populations to sustainable energy services is based on strengthening the promotion of renewable energy in the energy mix of Senegal.

In this context, enda through its «research-action-Training-Coaching» approach has explored two types of services: i) modern lighting for people at the grassroots level of the income pyramid ii) effective cooking in small-scale cottage production (bakery).

Modern lighting for the most vulnerable : what market and what strategy?

as part of the partnership with the Senegalese Rural Electrification Agency, enda has provided technical assistance to

the lighting africa Program (la) through a study of lighting needs with the financial and technical support of the World bank.

The objective was to analyze the market for lighting products approved by the lighting africa Program to determine the means and mechanisms that can facili-tate service provision to vulnerable Sene- galese consumers.

In the specific context of Senegal and from its various market segments, the objective was to offer the best plans likely to support rural electrification instruments and ensure a popular distribution of solar products while taking into account the capabilities and affordability of the product for target groups.

2012 annual report

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Part one

enda’s work has shown that la pro-ducts are complementary to technologies planned by rural electrification opera-tors. la products help diversify techno-logical choices in order to substantially expand access to electricity services for the most vulnerable populations and can

be considered as a form of dynamic tech-nology transfer. For this reason, enda has proposed two models of product distribu-tion : the first is based on the concession scheme, and the second is based on the current popular and flexible dynamics that are ongoing in various areas.

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Project for disseminating

improved combined gas / wood stoves

‘‘Towards a rational use of wood fuel for food security‘‘

Faced with the need to find alternative solutions to achieve fuel savings and a reduction of the ecological footprint of the value chain of traditional bakeries, enda energy initiated an improved combined gas /wood oven through a ‘‘research-action -Training-Coaching’’ approach.

This work is done in partnership with various stakeholders including :

- CFPJ / YmCa3 : logistical support and expertise in the design of improved combined gas /charcoal stove.

- Cerer4 : consensual framework for trials in order to obtain well-designed equipment that can be produced at large-scale.

The objective of the extension program on improved combi-ned gas/wood ovens is to enhance opportunities for small business development in rural areas and the possibilities of promoting cereal production for food security.

Its mission is to : i) develop an economic model of improved bakery systems ii) encourage the creation of sustainable and decent jobs in rural areas ; iii) ensure energy conservation for food sovereignty.

4 - Cerer : Center for Studies and research on renewable energy

3 - CFPJ/YmCa : Training and youth Promotion Center / Young men’s Christian association

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Part one

Launch of Energy and Agriculture Initiative in the context of climate change

How energy services can encourage the development of social entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector to support real citizen dynamics of economic and social change under the pressure of climate change and variability?

Vision:

Energy sovereignty for Food Sovereignty in order to strengthen the resilience of grassroots communities to the effects of climate change : SESAL

Objectives :

Contribute to the expansion of the horizon of opportunities for the development of agricultural value chains through access to sustainable energy services.

More specifically, the objectives are :

1. Influencing public policies for better consideration of the energy dimension in agricultural development policies ;

2. Promoting the development of rural entrepreneurship through access to renewable energy ;

3. Finding the balance between food crops and local energy crops.

Approach to a process supporting innovation

1. evaluation and analysis of the energy service needs of agricultural production systems and targeting of « champions » (The champion may be a farmer organization, family farm, or an individual grower willing to change its agricultural production methods).

2. a Public-Private Community-based Partnership (PPCP) as an instrument of market development of agricultural products that help foster a dynamic creation of rural micro-enterprises for the benefit of the population. This instrument will allow the provision of different types of service to the champions (Financial Services, business Development Services bDS, Technical Services, climate services).

3. The establishment of communities of practice that are true frameworks for knowledge sharing for all stakeholders (policy-makers, researchers, farmers organizations, microfinance institutions, etc.).

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CLIMATE CHANGE

2012 annual report

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Part two

About AfricaAdapt

A fricaadapt is an african platform, a leading knowledge sharing network for adaptation to climate change in africa that currently has over 1,300 members, mainly from africa

but also from other parts of the world (see below). The network initiative is financially supported by DFID and IDRC. Members come from various categories of actors such as vulnerable communities, researchers, practitioners of adaptation, the media, and policy-makers.

among other networks in africa, africaadapt differs from others by its mix of on and off-line activities (web platform, social networks, focus groups, etc.), but also and especially by its actions on the ground among vulnerable groups including those who have neither Internet access nor understand French or english.

Concerned about this specific vulnerable group, africaadapt initiated an Innovation Fund to support innovative approaches to sharing knowledge among poor and marginalized groups. The network also organizes regular field visits (“meet & greet”) to enable its members to see successful adaptation in action and exchange among themselves and with local communities.

Sectors covered by africaadapt include agriculture, fisheries, food security, forestry, climate science, energy, health, water, gender and international negotiations. The network members share knowledge to support adaptation and climate resilient development in africa.

Some statistics on AfricaAdaptTo date, the network comprises 1,373 online members distributed as follows : Africa : 76%, Europe : 13%, North America : 7% and Pacific Asia : 4%

AfricaAdapt is on Twitter and has 2,753 « followers » to date.

In late 2012, visitors to the website AfricaAdapt (http://www.africa-adapt.net/) numbered 35,545.

The africaadapt Innovation Fund for knowledge sharing provides grants of between $ 6,500 and $ 10,000 to community-based and civil society organizations to share coping practices creatively. To date, 23 projects have been funded in 21 african countries.

between april 2011 and march 2012, 545 members of africaadapt participated and benefited from nine ‘Meet & Greet’ gatherings organized by the network in burkina Faso, Ghana, Uganda, Côte d’Ivoire, Kenya, ethiopia, Senegal and Nigeria.

CLIMATE

20


Testimonies on AfricaAdapt

Deizy Zzimbe (Uganda) : «Thanks to the opening of this center, I am now aware about deforestation and its link to climate change, the center was funded by the africaadapt Innovation Fund established to support solutions to sharing information on adapting to the impacts of climate change ‘Deizy’»

Ahmed Bâ, of the Thiawléne CrC radio JOKKO (Senegal)«We applied and AfricaAdapt financed our project to create Clubs of radio Citoyens (Citizens radio clubs, CrC) to strengthen citizen voices through the JOKKO community radio».

Mr. Gebru Jember, Senior Programs Officer at Climate Change Forum - (Ethiopia) «Face-to-face Forums as well as the ’meet and greet’ events organized by africaadapt allowed me to know that others like me, are working on the issue of climate change in ethiopia»

Mensah Owusu, Programme Coordinator of People’s Dialogue on Human Settlements - PDHS, (Ghana)«I used the africaadapt website to access information on climate change and compile a manual for training peer educators in Old Fadama»

WOOBIN Federation, (Senegal) «We have been able to disseminate erosion control techniques and soil rehabilitation in 10 targeted villages through the financing received from the AfricaAdapt Innovation Fund»

Farouq Ssessanga (Uganda)«Drama and song, performed in the local language - luganda -has proved a popular and effective means of sharing information on adaptation strategies with the local community»

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Part two

Saliou Bâ «mosques, markets, even cemeteries were carried away by the sea. radio Jokko Programs increased people’s awareness of the problem and, as a result people have stopped collecting sea sand, a practice that was aggravating the problem of coastal erosion in Rufisque»

Haruna Abu, officer in the Ghana Federation of the Urban Poor. (Ghana)«The communities testified that information sharing has led to behavioural changes in terms of environmental management»

Mr. David Musoke, makerere University (School of Public Health, Uganda )«I have benefited a lot from africaadapt network namely through the use of information available on the platform for africaadapt a literature review whenever I write project proposals. This information also helped me a lot in the production of teaching materials for my students at the University»

«Following an external evaluation of africaadapt project, more than 75% of respondents actually declare that they are using the information received from africaadapt. In this respect a member of the network affirmed that «AfricaAdapt site appears as a unifying hive of various information that allow various actions»

«A member of a community who benefitted from Africa- Adapt Fund Innovation in Cameroon» declared that “after two years I’ve been in the area of project financed by Africa adapt. I was overwhelmed when they showed me a grafted jujube fruit, distributed under this project and when people told me that they continue to apply the knowledge they received, that’s the impact. The Innovation Fund also helps to develop field activities»

RAKOTONDRANAIVO, Peasant member FITamI ( Madagascar Innovation Fund ) «I never imagined we can still grow during the dry sea-son as 10 years ago. Currently, People come here to buy vegetables, unlike to what has happened in recent years, we were forced to cross the rice fields and hills to buy some vegetables at the market of the municipality of antanifotsy which is 7 km away. We had no savings at that time because the vegetables were very expensive to market»

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Kawjo Foundation (Malawi) «With support from the africaadapt Innovation Fund, Ten (10) women groups were formed in a participatory manner among the community members. each group comprised of seven (7) women and each group was allocated one fish pond»

mDG Center (Mali) «Thanks to the africaadapt Innovation Fund we have developed an efficient irrigation system by creating a network of small pressure tanks of a certain height, fed by a basin, digging a well serving as a tank for the sustainability of irrigation water, making trenches for irrigation channels»

A retired man in the town of Fezna, (Morroco) «I am the son of a farmer, and I also have a passion for agriculture. I found this africaadapt Innovation Fund pro-ject, besides the pleasure, as an occupation. I am a pensioner and when I get my pension I use it to contribute to the success of the project»

PAUSIA WAYUA (Kenya)«my family has rarely anything to eat all day. Thanks to thetraining I received as part of the Innovation Fund africa-adapt, I am now able to produce organic fruits and vegetables and also feed my poultry»

Responsible for NAFORE Association (Innovation Fund, Mauritania)«This project has enabled NaFOre asso-ciation to gain experience in the field of African vegetable gardening, because it is the first experience in Mauritania This will be replicated in other villages in the provinces of the country»

Beneficiary from the Innovation fund in Zimbabwe «With support from the africaadapt Innovation Fund, we trained 300 farmers (134 females and 166 males) on climate change issues and how they can mitigate the negative impacts of climate change through production small grain crops that are drought tolerant»

2012 annual report

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Part two

The Afr icaInteract pro ject funded by IDrC and implemented by WeCarD aims at strengthening the interaction between researchers and policy-makers at sub-regional and continental levels.

Objectives

General objective

enhance the capacity and skills of researchers and policy-makers with a view to strengthening the resilience of vulnerable populations to the impact of climate change in africa.

Specific objectives

1. Promote and support docu-mentation and efficient sharing of

information to empower vulne-rable populations in africa to adapt to climate change and take advan-tage of the conventions on climate change.

2. Identify policy gaps, support action-research and promote the integration of climate change into development policies, strategies, programs and projects at sub-regio-nal and continental levels

This platform is naturally based on the achievements of africaadapt in order to reach more communi-ties. In 2012, enda acted as the regional coordinator of this project for West africa.

24


T he Indigenous Knowledge bank (IKb) project is a component of the Climate Change Capacity

Development program, C3D + supported by the european Union and implemented by UNITar in cooperation with enda energy (Senegal) and SeI (Sweden).

Several activities were carried out for the promotion of indigenous knowledge and know-how.

The collection, documentation, and synthesis of best practices are important steps in this procedure.

Field visits were conducted in West africa to collect indigenous knowledge in benin, Gambia and burkina Faso. These docu-mented local practices help communities cope with climate risks and improve their living conditions.

Significant results were obtained : 25 best practices were documented with local communities through the use of participa-tory methods (focus groups, interviews, etc.).

a total of 45 reports (two pages each) on indigenous knowledge are being prepared for publication. Practices already documented in mali and Senegal have been updated ; a total of 32 practices are now available.

Digital and classified versions of this indigenous knowledge are available on the website of enda energy.

The development and dissemination of communication tools on the indigenous knowledge bank includes a film on the role of traditional seasonal climate fore-casting, called « Xoy », posters and flyers.

The capitalization of the local best adaptation practices,a contribution to reducing the vulnerability of communities

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Part two

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V ulnerabi l i ty assessment and adaptation measures (V&A) to climate change have gained great

attention in the least developed countries highly sensitive to climate variability and change.

This interest has also created the need for knowledge, skills and tools to support the V&A. While several V&A tools have been designed, they are not easily accessible, especially for local organizations and individual research in those countries, and it is necessary to contextualize and adjust them to local realities.

Through collaboration between enda energy, SeI and local partners in Gambia, the National environment agency (Nea) and the agency for the Development of Women and Children (ADWAC), a V&A toolkit was co-developed, tested and refined for use by local adaptation practitio-ners in developing countries.

In this perspective, enda organized a capacity building workshop to share knowledge with stakeholders on these participatory action-research tools for V&A to climate change.

This joint initiative is supported by UNITar through the C3D + project.

The trainings followed a participatory and interactive process of practical exercises. Communities have been trained in the use of six tools : resource mapping, capacity and asset mapping,

Development of tools for sharing knowledge and assessing vulnerability to climate change for a suc-cessful adaptation at the community level


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Part twotrend analysis and historical distur-bances profile, current mapping vulne-rability, assessing climate change perceptions, participatory scenario building and backcasting.

Then they assessed the relevance of these tools with a view to improve them and make their use easier.

at the end of this training, most partici-pants had a better understanding and knowledge of tools, and are able to

undertake vulnerability assessments and determine adaptation measures.

These courses are part of the develop-ment of a toolkit package ; they served to assess the relevance and effectiveness of each tool.

It is necessary to make each participatory tool flexible and less prescriptive, so that they are easily applicable in different local contexts.

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Climate frequency on radios that broadcast on change

A d hoc trainings without a follow- up of information dissemination on climate change have shown today

their limits. a new training approach com-bining support or «coaching» of actors to better use the knowledge acquired with a view to enhance the impact on the field was initiated by enda energy and its partners.

Thus, in its mission of capacity building on climate change (C3D), enda energy has developed a training and awareness-rai-sing project relating to climate change, in collaboration with UNeSCO, called Climate Frequency project.

This training project is designed for radio presenters and community multimedia centers (CmC) in Senegal.

The first phase of the project consisted of training workshops for radio presenters and community multimedia centers;the works-hops were divided into three modules.

Module 1 is an introduction that provides the basic concepts that presenters of information on climate change need to know.

Module 2 goes further in the training session by exposing multiple methods of communication to be used in the facilita-tion and in raising awareness of the popu-lation on the issue.

Finally, Module 3 provides examples and practical exercises to presenters atten-ding the session through case studies, to fix in their mind the theoretical training they received by being placed in practical situations.

We are in the second phase. The second phase of the Climate Frequency project will consist in implementing programs and outreach activities by radios, with the coaching and support of enda energy.

This is the critical phase of the project that will allow capitalizing on the recent capa-city building of program presenters and take tangible and effective actions to raise awareness of populations about climate change.

In this perspective a platform for discussion and exchange between community radios, enda energy and UNeSCO was set up to help them further understand the topic and produce radio programs for communities

The third and final phase of the project is one of the most important : the monitoring and evaluation.

The project will be evaluated, among other things, on the basis of what the radio presenters knew about the topic before attending the training compared to the knowledge they have acquired at the end of the workshops and at the end of radio productions.

This phase will both assess the effec-tiveness of the training on the produc-tion of environmental radio programs by participating radio presenters and the efficiency of broadcasting the message through radios to communities.

This will allow assessing concrete actions taken by the audience to encourage lasting change in the behaviour.

For a better dissemination of information on climate : Community radio presenters should be coached.

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Climate fund : Enda Energy committed, together with other African civil society organizations, to mobilize new international funds to fight against climate change between 2013 and 2020

T he fight against climate change in countries like Senegal requires

resources both substantial and sustainable but also acces-sible, while the commitments by developed countries to finance adaptation are slow to materialize.

In Copenhagen (December 2009), developed countries committed to provide $ 30 billion of “fast-start finance“ between 2010 and 2012.

This commitment expires this year and there is nothing on the table for 2013. Developed countries also committed to mobilize $ 100 billion per year by 2020 as «new and addi-tional» funding to help deve-loping countries reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change.

In Cancun, countries reaffir-med this commitment ; and the international community decided to create a Green Climate Fund that will host most of the climate funding.

but so far, this fund offers nothing concrete and may be an empty shell because of a lack of financial commitment for 2013.

because of the internatio-nal economic crisis, and the budgetary constraints that developed countries are facing, it would be difficult to see an increase in funds allocated to the fight against climate change.

Hence the urgent need to mobilize new additional and sustainable sources of funds that will be dedicated for mitigation and adaptation initiatives in africa.

Given the current econo-mic situation, it will be diffi-cult for developed countries to deduct this amount from their budgets ; appropriate mecha-nisms should be found to mobilize innovative sources of funding that would not negatively impact on the economy.

To ensure automatic sus-tainable replenishment, not depending on the willin-gness of states, there is a need to create innovative f inancial mechanisms to address an un precedented phenomenon by its scope and, it is obvious that to mobilize 100 billion or more, a single mechanism is not enough : it will take a bunch of solutions.

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Civil society organisations of the North and the South are strongly committed to innovative funds for a sustainable response to the underfun-ding of climate change

The Climate & Development Network gathered 70 French NGOs that have placed climate funding at the heart of their advocacy since 2010. In 2012 in France, eight member organisations of the Network( réseau action Climat- France, mali (amaDe-PelCODe), Senegal (enda energy), benin (JVe) and Togo (aFHON and JVe) committed to join efforts.

Their motivation was to increase the pres-sure on developed countries to abide by their financial commitments.

These african civil society organisations supported this advocacy campaign with the following objectives :

• Raise awareness of policy-makers on the need for new and additional public fund for climate

• Building the capacity of policy- makers and civil society organisations on the potential of innovative fund for climate

• Develop a critical mass of political support for climate finance in developed and developing countries.

This campaign was conducted at the national level through meetings at country level with all stakeholders (parliamen-tarians, environmental departments, media, civil society...), but also at the international level with the participation in the amCeN conference and the organization of a side-event at the COP18 in Doha in partnership with Oxfam International, the French ministry of Finance and the German ministry of the environment.

The Doha COP also enabled the network to make its advocacy within the african delegations as well as among the French parliamentarians and senators to show the need to explore innovative financing.

Advocacy for an inclusive governance of the Adaptation Fund

E nda energy in partnership with Germanwatch provides monitoring and evaluation of the impact of

projects funded by the adaptation Fund.

In Senegal, this action focuses on the adaptation to coastal erosion in vulnerable areas. In this respect, enda energy initiated a capacity building program for civil society organizations and set up a mechanism to observe the adaptation Fund and monitor the impact of funded projects.

The establishment of consultation mechanisms at the different sites where

the project intervenes including Joal-Fadiouth favored first, raising awareness on the need of community-based management of the coast and then monitoring of impact indicators to assess the real economic, social and environmental changes induced by the project.

The relevance of this approach on the impact indicators has been recognized by the board of Directors of the Fund that has recently adopted measures to preserve environmental and social projects funded.

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Drynet : Scaling up sustainable land management to the international level

L aunched in 2007 with the support of the european Union, the Drynet program covered three countries

of the enda network : Senegal, morocco and madagascar.

around this initiative which brought together more than 15 NGOs from africa, asia, europe and latin america, a network of exchanges has been established on the promotion of resilience in arid land and sustainable land management.

lobbying, advocacy, knowledge sharing and best practices in asia, africa and latin america, among others, helped strengthen the network’s contribution on issues related to desertification, a theme with a different scope from that of climate change in the international debate.

In Senegal, the work of the network has permitted to have a good coverage, that is to say working in eco-geographical zones of the country with reference to specific issues related to desertification.

One can note, for example :

- In the Ferlo the problem of land degradation and water management;

- In the coastal area and the Saloum Delta, the issue of land salinization as well as the mangrove degradation affecting arable land, especially rice fields;

- In the southern region, called Casamance, issues of deforestation, mangrove degradation and climate change.

This approach, depending on elements of vulnerability, with regard to the eco- geographical areas, encouraged the decentralization of Drynet activities at national level and the development of collaborative platforms for grassroots stakeholders, improving coordination and synergy in the implementation of initiatives for sustainable environmental management.

E ven though it does not benefit from the echo it deserves within the international community, the desertification process strengthens mechanisms of poverty generation through its effects on land degradation and similar adverse impacts.

enda energy, through its alliances within the Drynet network launched a strong advocacy campaign based on good practices of sustainable land management.

Desertification, another form of vulnerability of communities living in arid areas:

Desertification


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Part two

Facilitate exchanges between the various institu-tions involved in sustainable land management : the example of the Great Green Wall

as part of the implementation of the Great Green Wall (GGW) and evaluation of the national investment framework of sustainable land management (Slm) enda energy organized a national workshop in order to :

• evaluate the progress of implementation of the investment framework of the Slm and the implementation of the GGW ;

• give to civil society organisations the opportunity to define lines of action on both processes and identify a framework for partnership to better meet the needs of local populations

This workshop gathering state actors, development partners (Swiss Development Cooperation) and civil society organisations in Senegal, provided an opportunity to discuss the significant progress and constraints of participatory implementation of GGW.

beyond reforestation activities of productive and resistant species having a good commercial value, the GGW also involved grazing areas, the introduction of polyvalent gardens for the benefit of local communities ; it is a real niche of creation of sustainable and decent jobs.

at the end of the meeting, stakeholders have found it necessary to establish an inclusive supporting mechanism for actions around the GGW with a strong involvement of the national focal point of the Convention to Combat Desertification.

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Our networks AfricaAdapt : leader in african knowledge sharing platform for adaptation to climate change in africa with a view to improve the living conditions of vulnerable communities

African Climate : a platform for sharing knowledge on climate change and best practices

Climate and Development : Strengthening the influence of civil society organisations and Francophone african delegates on international negotiations on climate. ensure the inclusion of development challenges in climate policies at the african level

Drynet : building capacity of civil society organisations networks for arid land development

ENDA : Promoting fairer and more equitable, plural (multi-racial) and inclusive societies for economic, social and policy change.

Gender and Energy Network : Promote gender equity and taking into account the needs of women in political and energy projects

GNESD : Network for sharing knowledge : analysis of issues related to energy and advice on policies to improve access to clean and affordable energy in african countries.

INFORSE : a network of civil society organisations to promote access to energy services, renewable energy and energy efficiency

INTERNATIONAL Climate Action Network : advocacy, awareness raising, capacity building and mobilization of civil society organisations on climate issues at the national, regional, and international levels.

Interact Africa : Framework for exchanges between researchers and policy-makers to help mainstream climate change into develop-ment policies, strategies, programs and projects at the sub-regional and continental levels.

Southern Voices : Strengthening and consolidating the various networks working on climate change for the sharing and exchange of information, experience and lessons learned to increase their capacity to conduct advocacy and public awareness.

Our partners

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Enda Energy works with grassroots communities in its research activities and actions as well as with the following partners.

Our partners

MULTILATERAL AGENCIES:

AfDB (african Development bank); ECREEE (eCOWaS regional Centre for renewable energy and Energy Efficiency); UNEP (United Nations environment Programme); UNCCD (Secretariat of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification) ; UNDP (United Nations Development Programme); UNITAR (United Nations Institute forTraining and research); UNFCCC (Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change); URC (UNeP risoe Center); AGENCIES AND BILATERAL COOPERATION

EU (european Union); GIZ (Global Partnership for effective Development Cooperation- Germany); IDRC (research Centre for International Development); OIF (International Organisation of the Francophonie); SIDA (Swedish International Development Cooperation agency for Development );

AFREPEN (african energy Policy research Network), ETC/NL, GER-MANWATCH, IIED, IISD, ICSD, IDS (Institute for Development Studies) IUCN, OXFAM, WEDO, WECARD, WIP, etc.

RESEARCH CENTERS AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS :

UNIVERSITIES :University of Twente, University of Cape Town, Imperial College (United Kingdom), University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar (Senegal).

DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES : ASER, IRENA…

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Our activities in AfricaEnda Energy is carrying out advocacy, lobbying, capacity building and knowledge sharing actions in many countries :

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© 2013 enda energy-environment-development member of enda third world Network / international non-governmental organization.

Published by : enda energy, environment, development photos caption : enda energy, environment, development

Graphics & Creation : Alassane DIOP - Nathalie KOFFIGraphics trainee : Mamadou GUEYEPrinted by : Polykrome (Dakar, Senegal)

Reproduction of this publication for non-commercial purposes, namely educational purposes is autho-rized without prior written permission of the copyright, provided the source is fully acknowledged.

To implement all its activities, EndaEnergy relies on a multidisciplinary team of economists, geographers, engineers, environmentalists, sociologists, and commu-nicators :

energyenvironmentdevelopment

Our team

DirectorSécou SARR

Permanent staff :

• Gifty AMPOMAH

• Libasse BA

• Laurent BADJI

• Jean Pascal CORRÉA

• Mamadou CISSÉ

• Ndèye Fatou Faye CISSÉ

• Touria DAFRALLAH

• Masse DEME

• Albertine DIEDHIOU

• Abdou DIOP

• Dr. Aliou DIOUF

• Aissatou DIOUF

• Yacine DIAGNE GUEYE

• Ousmane GNING

• Aby Drame SARR

• Dr. Boubacar FALL

• Souleymane FALL

• Fatima KABA

• Oumou KOULIBALY

• Nathalie KOFFI NGUESSAN

• Djimingué NANASTA

• Mamouda MOUSSA NA BOU

• Abdou NDOUR

• Fatoumata SAGNA

• El Hadj SALL

• Emmanuel Sobel SECK

• Moussa Diogoye SENE

• Haby SOW

• Abdou GAYE

54 rue Carnot, BP : 3370 - Dakar - SenegalTel. : +221 33 822 59 83 +221 33 889 34 29 +221 33 889 34 28 Fax : +221 33 821 75 95Email : [email protected] : www.endaenergie.org

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