Energy-efficient Timber Buildings 2012-2013/II. semester

VAJA1 Analysis of sustainable buildings

Csaba Viszoki Erdem Hamulu

doc. dr. Žegarac Leskovar Vesna, udia red. prof. dr. Premrov Miroslav, udig

Telenor Head Officelocation_Törökbálint, Pannon street 1., Hungaryfunction_headquarter office buildingarchitect_ Zoboki-Demeter & Partners Architect Officeproject owner_Telenor Telecommunicationrealization_2005-2008

IntroductionThe headquarter office of the one of the biggest telecommunication system companies in Hungary was built by the example of the Norvegian parent company’s head office. I have been on a visit of this building with the guide of one of the designers, and I was really amused by the efforts of the architects and the company’s leaders and employees to make - not only this building as a workplace, but the whole workflow! - as sustainable and enviroment friendly as the can do. For example, the buildings has an own post office, where all the incoming letters/forms are digitalized, and between the walls of the building nobody uses paper sources for communication.

The building has a central space, which contains a huge atrium, in that stairs and bridges connect the three main office wings. The -1 level of the center space contains the canteen, an auditorium and the rest of the public spaces in the building. The three wings contains several so-called “units”, which are open-space workplaces for 30-40 people. The units can be opened together as well, if its necessary.

AnalysisMacro-, meso-, microclimate

Macroclimate: Hungary is in the continental climate zone. The average temperatures vary greatly depending on the season. After cold winter temperatures the air is dry in the summer when there is high temperature and moist air, so the building have to have heating solutions, and cooling solutions as well to avoid the summer overheating

Mezoclimate: the building is on the outskirts of the mayor city, Budapest, it lays in the border of the town Törökbálint, the bulindig site is on a hilly area, it is sloping to North.

Microclimate: the building site was a meadow, so basicly there are no trees which can overshadow the building, and there are no neighbouring buildings or built objects.

1. offices units2. atrium3. meeting

4. lobby5. Telenor shop and exhibition6. main entrance

Location

The building lays between the edge of the city Törökbálint and a forest in the Égett-valley, in the near of the circular highway around Budapest, called ‘M0’

Orientation

The building has a highly fragmented facades, which is for ensuring the natural illumination for every unit space, so all of the workstations have enough natural light during the workday. The pro-portin of the glazing is different depending on the orientation of the facade sections. As we see on the first picture of the facade, the height of the solid parapet changes (coordinated with the struc-ture of the glazing) on the southern and western parts of the facade, it can be 70-80 cm, on the facades facing North there are places, where are not any solid parapet. So the proportion of glazing is moving between 50%-100%!The facades of the main atrium are fully-glazed curtain walls in every direction, it has 100% of glazing. It’s biggest facades opens toward East, there are a building height column porch.

Shape factor

The shape factor of the building is adventogous. To fit into the enviroment, the building is only 3-5 stories tall, depending on the sloping of the site, so its expanded in horizontal size. Because of that, and the fragmented facades made for the maximum natural illuminance, the building have signifi-cant size of surface compared to its area.

Zoning areas

Light: the zoning accounted to light is homogenous, especially in the unit areas, this was one of the main points of the architectural conception. The less light-demanding functions (toilest/serves rooms/tea kitchen) are compressed in “service cores” near the entrance of the unit wings

Heat: the heating comfort of the office wings is homogenous as well. Although the atrium do not have any cooling system against summer overheating, in the 4-5 story height space a natural air flow can start, so while the highest point of the space can have 30-40 C temperature, in the human used heights the air stay in the comfort zone.

Components of the building

The building has a reinforce concrete frame structure (with pillars). The slab above the central atri-um stand on multiple story height pillars. The slab edges of the unit wings are cantilever structures, to leave overall space next to the facades for settling the workstations. The slab has a raised floor above, to leave the freedom of furniture placement. The facades has stone panel cover, the opening are double-glazed fixed curtain wall structures (the company asked for usage of only fix glazing).

The strategy of passive heating and cooling of buildings The different height of fixed glazing depending on the orientation was made for get as much heat gains from the sun penetration at winter as possible. Beneath the stone cover there is a automatic venetian blinds system on the external plane of facade to avoid the overheating in summer.

Active technical systems

There is a autonomous weather station, which control the shader system and the heating-cooling system of the house. The building has a low-temperature radiant heating and high temperature radiant cooling system, which are operated by three geothermal heat pump. For using this alternative energy source, 180 pieces of 100 m deep geothermal probe was installed, which were placed under the surface parking ground. In addition there is a 162 m2 of solar thermal collector to help the heating-cooling system and serve the domestic water heating system.The air ventillation machines are working with a rotary heat exchanger.

Energy income, outcome

With the usage of “green energy” the house can decrease 120-160 tons of annual carbon dioxide emission, and it can save 0.3 to 0.4 GWh of energy per year.Primer energy consumption: 5-6 GWh/yearGaines from renewable sources: 1,8-2 GWh/year (~30-40% of the whole consumption!)

Sapphire Towerlocation_ Büyükdere Avenue Levent, Istanbul, Turkeyfunction_residentalarchitect_ Tabanlioglu Architectsproject owner_Biskon Yapırealization_2008-2011

IntroductionIstanbul Sapphire is the highest skyscraper in Istanbul/Turkey . It is also the country’s first ecological skyscraper which has shopping areas and residences inside. Sapphire locates in a very important place in Istanbul which has business buildings, train and bus stations also other highrised buildings. It rises 54 floors above ground level, and boasts an above-ground roof height of 238 meters.

AnalysisMacro-, meso-, microclimate

Macroclimate: Istanbul has a borderline Mediterranean climate and humid subtropical climate, since only two summer months have less than 40 millimetres of rainfall, preventing it from being classi-fied as a humid subtropical or Mediterranean climate. Winter is colder in Istanbul than in most other cities around the Mediterranean Basin, with low temperatures averaging 4–5 °C. Lake-effect snow from the Black Sea is common, although difficult to forecast

Microclimate: Due to its enermous size, diverse topography, and maritime location, Istanbul has several microclimate zones.

Location

Istanbul, city district called ‘Maslak’. Next to train station and Bus station, is it bordering the main road.

Orientation

The building has only two facades which are opened. Both of them is covered with glass and it faces in west-east line. That glazing is protecting the building from the weather conditions and there is another enclosure inside the glazing, it works as a double-layered climatic facade. The other two facades are solid, the closed cores for vertical transportation are there.

Shape factor

Shape is related with climatic conditions.

Zoning areas

There is a huge lobby space in the entrance floor and it has the ability to get the whole light inside, it distinct for the residental typical floors. The residental areas has two different temperature zones, the outer zone is a “protected zone” which helps to keep the comfort climate of the inner, residental zone.

Building compontents

The modern building made by concrete and steel. The outer rind of the building is nearly full-glazed. Building has two enclosures and between them there are a zone which is called protected zone.

The strategy of passive heating and cooling of buildings

Ventillation culverts (canals) and provides natural ventilation and the building is called ‘breathing building‘ The building spend less energy with these system. Also supporting systems and mechan-ical systems are located in that protected zone, so the risk of overheating of the machines is lower. Every three floors in the there are green areas, they provide warm and natural feeling, and help the controlling of humidity and fresh air replacement

Active technical systems

Technical equipment located each of every three floors help to control the microclimate of the three story-units

Energy income, outcome

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