Energy Efficiency Lighting Sponsor:

Presentation by: Kingsley Jackson Group Chief Executive Gastec Group Nigeria

Topic: Renewable Energy Investment In Nigeria

MUNICIPAL, SOLID WASTE TREATMENT OVERVIEW

Presentation for:<company logo>

MISSION STATEMENT

Presentation for:<company logo>

To safeguard human health and the environment by using the latest technology to provide efficient and cost effective, environmentally friendly industrial and domestic waste management and disposal.

WASTE STATISTICS

Ital

y

Fra

nce

Sp

ain

Ger

man

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Gre

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rita

in

Jap

an

Sw

itze

rlan

d

Net

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Can

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US

A

Country

0100200300400500600700800900

1000k

ilos

in 1

98

9

ANNUAL WASTE ACCUMULATIONPER INHABITANT IN KILOS

WASTE STATISTICS

LANDFILL

• Inexpensive, but most dangerous solution• Sooner or later uncontrolled chemical reactions will occur• Creation of explosive methane gases• Great danger to ground water and the environment

SANITIZED LANDFILLA Ground WaterB Compacted ClayC Plastic LinerD Leach Collection PipeE Geotextile MatF GravelG Drainage LayerH Soil Layer I Old CellsJ New CellsK Leach Pond

STANDARD INCINERATION

AB

C

DE F G

A Waste Acceptance C Slag Remover E Drier G Active Carbon FilterB Combustion Chamber D Steam Boiler F Gas Scrubber

Proven technology for volume reductionAir pollution is reduced at relatively high costsProblems of high toxic residue ashes remains

STANDARD PYROLYSISWaste Reception

PyrolysisWaste Water Treatment

Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals SulfurSalts

Heavy Metals

Scrubber

Char

• Relatively expensive• Permanent operating problem with tar and oils • Problematic disposal of created char residue

(toxic)

PLASMA ARCPower Supply

Power Supply

Cooled Field Coil Gas

Vortex Gas Injection Chamber

Starting Electrode

Rear Water Cooling System

Rear Electrode

Insulator Front Electrode

Front Water

Cooling System• Totally destroys all organics, but shows inefficient energy

balance• Small throughput• Expensive operation and maintenance, approx. US$ 1000.-/ton

ULTRAHIGH TEMPERATURE PYROLYSIS-HYDROLYSIS

GAS TECTM

1 Infeed2 Cooled infeed auger3 Reactor4 Pyrogas5 Solid particles outfeed6 Oxygen free storage tanks

1

23

5

4

6

THE ULTIMATE

SOLUTION

a)No residues or toxic emissions

b) Great efficiency in recovering 100%

of the energy contained in waste materials

c) Very economical

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS• FOR AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION

• The German environmental standards for air pollution prevention are the most vigorous in the world:– Cal‘n base : O2

– Dust : 10 mg/Nm3 or less

– HCI : 10 mg/Nm3 or less

– SOx : 50 mg/Nm3 or less

– NOx : 200 mg/Nm3 or less

– CO : 50 mg/Nm3 or less

– Dioxin : 0.1 Ng-TEG/Nm3 or less

– Hg : 0.1 mg/Nm3 or less

– Cd : 0.1 mg/Nm3 or less

– Pd : 4 mg/Nm3 or less

ALL FULFILLED BY

GASTEC

EMISSION LIMITS FOR WASTE TREATMENT PLANTS

• HCL (mg/Nm3)

• HF (mg/Nm3)

• SOx (mg/Nm3)

• NOx (mg/Nm3)

• CO (mg/Nm3)

• Cd (mg/Nm3)

• Hg (mg/Nm3)

• Dioxin (TEQ-ng/Nm3)

50

---

100

240

100

0.1

0.1

0.1

50

2

300

---

100

---

---

0.1

24

---

30

514

63

---

---

0.1

30

2

300

350

---

0.1

0.1

0.1

41

---

100

200

---

---

---

---

ChinaEU

JapanUK

USA

ORGANICS REDUCTION• Gastec guarantees the reduction of organics to less than >1%

(German laws require >5%)

ENERGY CONTAINED IN WASTE

CALORIFIC VALUES

Secondary Energy Material

approx. kcal/kg approx. kW/kg

Braun coal 4,500 5.2Cardboard 3,800 4.4Citrus peels 4,500 5.2Car tires 8,300 9.6Household waste (presorted) 4,500 5.2Hospital waste 6,780 7,8Manure (dried) 3,760 4.4Neoprene 7,100 8.2Nylon 7,570 8.8Oil sludge 8,800 10.2Paper 4,400 5.1Paraffin 10,340 12.1Polyethylene 10,990 12.7Polypropylene 11,030 12.8Polystyrol EPS 9,800 11.3

REALITY

1 CONTAINER 1 HOUR

The energy of 1 container of yogurt (0.3 ltr) keeps a light bulb glowing for 1 hour

The waste put into a dust bin over 1 year contains enough energy to heat water

500 bath or

3,500 showers or

keep the TV on for 500 hours

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE TREATMENT• CONCEPT PLAN FOR A MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY

100% Municipal

Solid Waste 100% Municipal Solid Waste

100% Municipal Solid Waste

Weigh Bridge

StorageStorage

SortingRecyclingShredding

Sorting Recycling Shedding

Sorting Recycling Shedding

GASIFICATION

Inert Sand

Storage

Gas Storage

Gas Storage

Power Generation

Administration

Building

PLANNING

• Suitability of municipal, solid waste as energy source

• Plant sizing

• Site selection

• Calculation of recoverable energy

• Negotiation of energy sales agreement

• Strategy for risk taking and guarantees

• Setup of Gastec municipal solid waste treatment plant beneficial to all parties involved and environmentally friendly

TECHNOLOGY SELECTION CONSIDERATIONS

• ENVIRONMENT• ENVIRONMENT

• CO2 Control

• DXNs Control• Emission Control• Landfill Control

• ECONOMY• ECONOMY

•ENERGY•ENERGY

• Cost Control• Profit• Growth

• Energy Recovery• High Efficiency• Utilization / Sale

WASTE COLLECTION Choosing the most suitable collection method

Container with Cover SystemCovered Container Arm Roll

Dust Drum & Packer System

Dust Drum Packer

PRINCIPAL POINTS OF GASTEC Treatment of waste materials, not simply a reduction in volume!

Recycling of valuable materials and energy recovery, not only waste treatment!

A profitable business, not just a break-even scenario!

An environmental education center, not just a waste treatment plant!

Meeting highest and most severe environmental rules and regulations!

PLANT LAYOUT 50 t/d PLANT

• A Storage area• B Control room D Administration office• C Janitor E Lab

12

3

4 56 7

8 109

11 1213

1415

16

1318

A BC

D E

70m

26m

1 Weigh bridge 10 Feed silo for reactors2 Weigh control 11 Storage silos3 Parking 12 Infeed system4 Receiving bin 13 Reactors5 Preshredder 14 Collection of inorganics 6 FE separation 15 Scrubber7 NFE separation 16 Gas tanks8 Secondary shredder 17 Gas engine and Generator9 Conveyors 18 Induction coolers

SUPPORT EQUIPMENTTypical List for a 50 t/d Plant

• Skip loader 1

• 5m3 dump truck 1

• 5 ton fork lift 1

• 5,000 gal. Water truck 1

• Facility and parking lot „Street Sweeper“ 1

• Low profile shuttle with 3 trailers 1

• 6-cylinder pick-up truck 1

• Fire prevention unit 1

• Standard 4-door automobiles 1

• Flatbed truck 1

• On-site 8,000 gal. water tower 1

• Stationary 53,000 gal. water tank for fire 1

• Knuckle boom 1

ESTIMATED MANPOWER REQUIREMENT

50 t/d150 t/d

300 t/d

500 t/d

Plant Engineer

Secretary

Accounting

Ground Maintenance

Helpers

TOTAL

1

1

---

2

4

8

2

2

---

3

8

15

3

3

---

4

8

18

1

---

---

1

3

5

THE END

THANK YOU