17 Energy (supplies, policy, economics, forecasts)

95/031Q6 The unwritten laws of engineering American Mechanical Engineers (ASME), PO Box 2900, Fai+eld,

NJ.O7007-29000, USA, $9.95, 49 pp. A revised and updated professional code for engineers reflects the changes in definitions and nomenclature of the modem workplace, and changmg demographics in the engineering profession.

95lQ3167 Use of hydropyrolysla-MS to Ing of diphenylalkane linkages In the sol d state P

robe the hydrocrack-

Brown, S. D. etal., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (3), 801-805. The results have indicated increasing the hydrogen ressure reduced the extent of retrogressive chemical for all the model su g The primary pyrolytic event at high hydro

strates investigated.

% the evolution of benzene, toluene and ethyl en pressure as characterized by enzene/styrene, occurs at virtu-

ally the same temperature for a given alkane linkage in the different sub- strates used.

95103166 XPS of carbon on Pt-black and EUROPT-1. la methylcyclopentane ring opening a coke sensitive reaction? Paal, Z. J. Mol. Catal., 1994, 94, (2), 225-232. Discusses XPS line decomposition of carbon residues on Pt-black and EUROPT-1 which revealed the presence of a graphitic, hydrocarbon poly- mer and oxidized carbon overlayers on both catalysts.

17 ENERGY

Supplies, Policy, Economics, Forecasts

95/03169 Arbltratlon committee could take more account of public utllltles Vuftigschild, G. Gas (Netherlands), Mar. 1995, 115, (3), 26-20. (In Flemish) When a dispute with a public utility cannot be settled amicably, customers can apply to the Public Utilities Arbitration Committee. Although disputes are generally settled fairly, the committee sometimes passes judgement too much in favour of the customer. In practice, however, a public utility cannot always take into account all the interests of each individual cus- tomer. The committee could therefore take more account of public utilities.

95103190 Australian energy consumption and productlon - historical trends and projects to 2009-10 Bush, S. et al., Research Report No. 95.1, ABARE, Energy Economics Branch, GPO Box 1563, Canberra, ACT.2601, Australia, $29.00 (Austra- lia), Feb.1995, 169 pp. Detailed data on energy consumption and production in Australia from 1973-74 and projections to 2009-10 are provided in this report. Historical and projected trends are discussed and key issues identified. All energy types, all states and internal territories, and all sectors are covered. The projections are a view of the likely long term outlook for the energy sector in Australia, taking into account current government policies, industry intentions, observed trends and assumptions about economic and other influences on energy production and use.

95/03191 Chlna’a energy In transltlon DRI International Energy Consulting, 8-10 rue Villedo, 75001 Paris,

France, $17,000, 447 pp. Discusses the annual demand for energy in China which will climb to 1.94bn tonnes of oil equivalent by 2015 from 750m in 1993 if present policies of decentralisation and progressive price liberalisation continue. The study has been carried out by DRI/McGraw-Hill.

95103192 Constructlon Industry not shocked by energy per- formance standard Van Der Schot, J. Gas (Netherlands), Mar. 1995, 115, (3), 10-17. (In Flemish) On 1 April 1996 the so-called ‘Energy performance standard’ will take effect. The standard specifies limits for energy consumption of new dwell- ings. On the face of it, this seems revolutionary, but it is not. It is expected that construction companies are not put to the limit to meet the require- ments specified. However, it is surely a breakthrough, since after many years of discussion the energy performance has finally been laid down by law. As of 1 April 1995, construction companies will be obliged to think about energy performance. Consequently, energy utilities could play a more leading role in the construction process, for example as advisers, in particular when the performance standard is upgraded in the future.

95/03193 for Denmark

Crude oil and natural gas auppllea and demands

Mackay, R. M. and Probert, S. D. Applied Energy, 1995,50, (3), 209-232. A novel technique for forecasting the supply and extraction life-cycles of a depleting fossil fuel resource has been developed. The supply side utilises a ‘skewed-normal production profile’ model that yields a better representa- tion than earlier approaches. A simple model for extrapolating crude oil and natural gas demands has also been devised: it is based on the so-called ‘modified logit function’. The predicted crude oil and natural gas balances, for the period u to AD 2010, indicate the disparities between the rates of indigenous pr J uction and future consumption for Denmark. These fore- casts depend on the present estimates of the remaining crude oil and natu- ral gas reserves. It will consequently be necessary to revise periodically the present projection as more reliable reserves estimates become available.

95103194 Crude oil and natural gas supplies and demands up to the year AD 2010 for France Mackay, R. M. and Probert, S. D. Applied Energy, 1995,50, (3), 185-208. A novel technique for forecasting the supply and extraction life-cycle of a depleting fossil fuel resource has been developed. The supply side utilises a ‘skewed-normal production-profile’ model that yields a better representa- tion than earlier approaches. A sim

l! le model for extra lating crude oil

and natural gas demands has also een devised, bas $” on the so called ‘modified logit function’. The predicted crude oil and natural gas balances for the period u to AD 2010 indicate the dis production and R ture consumption for France. I+h

arity between indigenous ese forecasts depend on

current estimates of remaining oil and gas reserves. It will consequently be necessary to revise periodically the present projections as more reliable reserve estimates become available.

95103195 Declslon Ilmlt, detectlon Ilmlt, and confidence Interval for counting nuclear radlatlon measurements lnvolvlng flowing media Weise, K et al., Kerntechnik, Feb. 1995, 60, (l), 20-27. (In German) The theoretical foundation for the envisaged German Standard DIN 25482- 7 has been elaborated. This standard will serve to establish the decision limit, the detection limit? and a confidence interval for counting nuclear radiation measurements Involving flowing media, applying enrichment of radionuclides to be controlled on filters. A single radionuclide and a mix- ture of long-lived radionuclides are considered. A simpler case. of counting measurements involving flowing media is also investigated: a sequence of measurements on a fixed volume traversed by the medium. The measurand is the activity concentration carried by the medium. The decision limit, the detection limit, and also a confidence interval are determined for the measurand and for its variation to be detected.

95/03196 Development of Independent productlon In Europe: lnstltutlonal diversity Krause, G. G. Revue de I’Energie, Jan.-Feb. 1995, (465), 66-75. (In French) The industrial model of the power sector is being challenged in all but a few countries. Being stable for many years, the power sector is now con- strained to evolve to more flexible structures, pushed by financing, politi- cal and environmental issues. More so, recent innovations within the financing or entrepreneurial background, as well as in the main equipment supplies’ strategies, have attracted new actors to formerly closed sector. The independent power production could be seen as a vector leading sec- tor’s reforms in several countries, being recognized as a careful path, a way to gradually opening the sector. The analysis of the institutional structures within which the independent producers evolves can point out relevant elements and directions of the sector’s changes. Discusses the role of inde- pendent producers through such a diversity of institutional structures.

95103197 Domestlc energy fact file: BRE re occupied homes; 272 local authority homes; 27 !!

art 271 owner private rented

homes BRE Bookshop, BRE, Garston, Watford, WD2 7JR, UK, flS.00 each (+

f1.50 p&p) f30.00 for set of three (+ f3.00 p&p).

95103196 Efficient use of electrlcal energy In India Narayanan, M. P. World Energy Council J., Jan. 1995, 74-77. Discusses energy efficiency in India in the industrial and domestic sector.

95/03199 Energy efflclency - The way forward. Conference Chalrman’a report: Conclusions and recommendatlona Bin Mohammed Ali, R. World Energy Council J., Jan. 1995, 38-47.

95103200 Energy efflclency In lndla - Opportunltlea and challenges Raghuraman, V. World Energy Council J., Jan. 1995, 78-84. Discusses how energy efficiency offers the Indian economy a number of favourable advantages.

95103201 Energy efficiency In the power sector - A Malay slan perspective Mohd. Zamzam bin Jaafar, World Energy Council J., Jan. 1995, 48-56.

226 Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1995