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Energy ConvertingOrganellesLife’s Inner Community
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
Inner membrane
Intermembrane compartment
matrix
cristae
Life’s Inner Community
Outer membrane
Energy ConvertingOrganelles
Folds of the inner membrane increase its surface area enhancing the organelles ability to produce ATP.
Fluid filled space where the chemical reactions of cellular respiration occur.Fluid filled space where either + or - ions accumulate forming a chemiosmotic gradient that drives chemical reactions.
This membrane is embedded with the enzymatic proteins that make ATP as ions travel along an chemiosmotic gradient created by this barrier.
Life’s Inner Community Energy Converting
Organelles
High H+ conc.
matrixLow H+ conc.
ATP
Chemiosmotic Gradient
Intermembrane compartment
Inner membraneATP synthase
1Outer membrane
2Inner membrane
3
4
Intermembrane compartment
5
matrix
cristae
Because mitochondrion have their own DNA and ribosomes and can self-replicate, some cell biologists have hypothesized that they were once a free- living protokaryotes (bacteria) and have since become endosymbionts.
Fact: eukaryotes inherit their mitochondria from one parent. Humans inherit mitochondria from their mother.
Energy ConvertingOrganellesLife’s Inner Community
Chloroplasts are the are the photosynthesizing organelles found in plants and protists.
Chloroplasts
Most of the living world runs on the chemical energy provided by photosynthesis.
Gk: chlor ~ green, plast ~ formed, molded
Energy ConvertingOrganellesLife’s Inner Community
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
Stroma
Thylakoid
Channel
Granum
Chloroplast
Energy ConvertingOrganellesLife’s Inner Community
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
Stroma
Thylakoid
Channel
Granum
Chloroplast
Outer membrane act to compartmentalize the complex biochemistry of photosynthesis and to help create chemiosmotic gradients that will be used to provide the “motive” force for some reactions.
Inner membrane works together with the membrane at helping compartmentalize the stroma and form chemiosmotic gradients.
Stroma is a thick fluid where sugars are made from CO2. Suspended in the stroma is an elaborate network of disklike membranous sacs called thylakoids.
Gk: thylak ~ sac, pouch
Thylakoid membranes contain the chlorophyll molecules that capture light energy from the sun and converts it into chemical energy.
Granum are stack of thylakoids.
Energy ConvertingOrganellesLife’s Inner Community
Because Chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes and can self-replicate, some cell biologists have hypothesized that they were once a free- living protokaryotes (bacteria) and have since become endosymbionts.
Chloroplasts
Energy ConvertingOrganellesLife’s Inner Community
Plastid
Starch Globules
Plastids are double membranes storage organelles found in plants. Chloroplasts are plastids. Plastids can store pigments, starch and lipids as well as thylakoids.
Starch globules created by connecting sugars made via photosynthesis. Starch is the primary raw material that phototrophs use to construct cell walls.
Starch globules created by connecting sugars made via photosynthesis. Starch is the primary raw material that phototrophs use to construct cell walls.
Cell Wall
Plastids
PlasmaMembrane
Mitochondria
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