Energy Audit Report - Group B

7/31/2019 Energy Audit Report - Group B

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D.M.D.K. Dissanayake

E.A.E.H. Hemachandra

P.G.L. Arachchi

U.S.S. Dharmapriya


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1. Introduction2. Lighting System

2.1 Corridors and Stairways

2.2 Chamber

2.3 Library

2.4 Outdoor

2.5Wash Rooms3. Energy uses in Kitchen (Electricity, Gas)4.

Cold rooms

5. Recommendation for improvement in energy efficiency


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Table 2.1: Measured illuminance levelsTable 2.2: Chamber Lighting Arrangement

Table 2.3: Parliament Outer Perimeter Lighting Arrangement

Table 3.1: Device List - Kitchen


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It's a common fact that vast amounts of electric power are wasted every year in the world. So

the saving in electricity becomes an increasingly important issue because the cost of all forms

of energy increases in today's world. The use of energy efficient lighting is one of the best and

most cost effective ways of reducing the energy consumption. Hence it becomes very important

to focus everyones attention to apply more efficient lighting designs in theirbuildings.

During the walk-through energy audit at parliament building, lighting systems in the following

areas were studied.

Chamber Corridors Conference rooms Cafeterias Kitchen Library Outdoor

- Security lighting- Garden

Lighting is a larger energy consumer in the building and responsible for 60% of the total

energy consumption. It was found during the energy audit, CFL and Fluorescent bulbshave

been most commonly used sources for lighting in the parliament building. Also it was identified

that the fitted fluorescent light bulbs are starter less and a copper strip was there. So that this

is most helpful to save energy in lighting system, if properly maintained and operated.

But some incandescent bulbs were counted in the following places due to the safekeeping

problem.

Washrooms Short walls

Also there are around 232 incandescent lamps in the Chamber for task lighting.


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The measured lighting or lux levels in some areas of the building are given in Table 1.1.

Corridor 32

Library - Reading Area 147

Library - Bookshelves 66~187

Chamber Speakers Table 157

Members Seats

26 (Without task lighting)

430(With 40W incandescent bulb)

891 (With 60W incandescent bulb)

Under the Chandelier 92

Hansard Reporters Chamber28 (Without task lighting)

209 (With 40W incandescent light)

Kitchen 190

Lift 183

Table 2.1: Measured illuminance levels

Recommended standard maintained illuminance in corridors and stairways during daytime is

50~100 lux (at floor level). But according to the Table 1.1, the lighting of low illuminancelevel

(32 lux) is maintained in internal corridors which receive no daylight. Although there are more

than enough corridor lights due to the dark colour globes used there, illuminance level is lesser

than the required. Therefore it is a good idea to fixwarm white globes to obtain the required

illuminance.

The natural lighting can be optimally used and lights can be turned off during the day time in

corridors and stairways where daylight receives. So it can be made best use of daylights in

those areas.


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The Table 1.2 shows the chamber lighting arrangement.

Spot Light 80 34

Spot Light 120 82

CFL Reflector (Flag posts) 20 30

Reflector (Chandelier) 135 24

CFL (Speaker Entrance) 13 5

Incandescent Lamps 40 / 60 232

Table 2.2: Chamber Lighting Arrangement

It is understood that most of the chamber lighting has been selected in accordance with the

architectural requirements.

It was observed that there arearound 232 incandescent lamps (40W or 60W) used for task

lighting on the members tables.So these lamps are switched on during only when reading or

writing. The recommended illuminance over the task area where reading or writing is carried

out is generally in the range of 300 to 500 lux. The measured illumination level is 430 lux near

a 40W lamp and 890 lux for a 60W lamp. Therefore it is recommended to replace the existing

60W lamps with 40W lamps as the given illuminance level is within the required range.

It was observed during the audit that there exist some skylightsand light shelves especially in

the library area. So there is a possibility to connect day light sensors and reduce the lighting

energy consumption by using natural lightsoptimally in the library.This can save energy in

place of using artificial lighting, which represents a major component of energy consumption in

buildings.

Another observation was thatthere wasnt a proper numbering system to switch on/off the

required lights from the number of lights installed there. So it is recommended that a proper

action needs to be taken to number each and every lighting device and corresponding

switching point for easy identification.


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The lighting system of the parliament outer perimeter is as follows.

Lamp post with globe 11 126

Metal HalideLamp 400 17Sodium Lamp 1000 10

Halogen Lamp 1000 13

HPSV Lamp 400 1

Chandelier globe post 11 6 16

Table 2.3: Parliament Outer Perimeter Lighting Arrangement

Even though there is a garden and security lighting system around the parliament building,

they still do not have a proper system to control them precisely. All the outside lamps are still

controlled manually. So it has been understood that there should be a better controlling

mechanism for the operation of outside lamps. One aspect is to operate automatically via

timers and photo cells. But there are number of drawbacks with the automated switches

mentioned above. For one thing, the photocells either malfunction or get covered up by dust,

leading the lamps stay on during daytime. On the other hand, since the timers are pre-

programmed to operate at a specific time, the controllability of the lamps according to the daily

changes in rising and setting of sun, is limited. Due to such limitations, those automated

systems are not recognized as completely adoptable solution.

So it is supposed to implement a GSM based system to operate the outside lamps automatically

via the mobile phone from any remote location.

Many of the light bulbs observed in the washrooms of parliament building were incandescent

lamps. Inside the building, there are around 198 washrooms and each lit with three (03) 40W

incandescent lamps and one (01) fluorescent lamp. Switch on period of those lights is usually

around 16 hours/day. Although incandescent lighting is the least efficient form of lighting, the

replacement of those with CFL is also not possible due to safekeeping problem.

So that the installation of occupancy sensors is recommended to switch on the lights only when

a person coming into the washroom. These will both save energy and the bulb life time as


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well.A cost analysis has been done for installing occupancy sensors in the wash rooms and it is

shown below.

Implementing occupancy sensor for wash rooms

Description

Occupancy sensors have two tasks: keeping the lights ON while the space is occupied and

turning the lights OFF when unoccupied. The PIR sensors provide immunity to false ON

through a specialized Fresnel lens which divides the field-of- view into sensor zones. When a

person passes into or out of a sensor zone, the sensor detects motion and switches the lights

ON. The Ultrasonic (U/S) sensors provide maximum sensitivity and range in difficult spaces

with irregular shaped rooms and partitions that can block the PIR field-of-view. A pair of U/S

sensors will detect Doppler shifts caused by motion in a space preventing false OFF. These

sensors are more sensitive to small movements since they do not rely on zones.

Technical details

Product : OSSMT Technology: Multi-Technology PIR/Ultrasonic Switch Type: Single-Pole / Double pole Mounting: Wall Switch Device Type: Occupancy Sensor Coverage (Sq.Ft.): 2400 Sq. Ft. Pattern: 180 Mounting Height (Ft.): 4 Ft. Adjustment: Self-Adjusting Time Delay: 30s-30m Voltage: 120/277 Volt AC 60Hz Load Rating: 800W@120V INC 1200VA@120V 2700VA@277V FL Power Pack: External Power Pack Not Required Operating Temperature: 0C to 50C Storage Temperature Range: -10C to 85C Relative Humidity: 20% to 90% non-condensing Neutral Wire Connection: Not Required LED Color: Green and Red

Wallplate: Order Separate Size: 4.06" H x 1.75" W x 1.85" D (103.2mm x 44.4mm x 47.2mm) Warranty: 5-Year Limited


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Number of washrooms 100

Lighting devices

Incandescent 3 60 WFlorescent 1 40W

Operating Hours 12 hrs

Number of working days per month - 22

Energy Consumption per month = (2201222100)/1000= 5808 kWh

Expected savings from occupancy sensors = 25% Energy Saving = 58080.25

= 1,452 kWh

Monthly Saving = 1,452 19.10=

Cost for occupancy sensor =Rs. 4000.00 Cost for modification =Rs. 2000.00 Total cost for replacement =Rs. 6000.00*100

=Rs. 600000.00

Operation and maintenance cost per month =Rs. 5000.00 ( 10 % increment annually)


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01 Electric Oven (Zanussi) 1 3

02 Double Deep Fryer (Zanussi) 33 2 4 ~ 503 Salamander 6 1

04 Exhaust Fan 1 6

05 Refrigerator 1 24

06 Blender 1 1

07 Meat / Band Saw Machine 2.5 2 4

08 Rice Boiler 32 2 45 3

09 Coconut Scraper 1 2 3

10 Hand beater 1 1

114 Door Refrigerator

(FAGOR)0.3 1 24

12 Mixer (Varimixer) 1.1 1 2

13 Oven (Zanussi) 17.3 2 3

14 Hobart Mixer 1

15 Oven (Zanussi) 17.3 1 45 min 2

16 Double Deep Fryer (Zanussi) 33 4 ~ 5

17 Single Deep Fryer (Zanussi) 4 ~ 5

18 Deep Fryer (Oldest) 4 ~ 5

19 Brat Pan (Zanussi) 15 2 30 min 3

204 Door Refrigerator

(FAGOR)0.3 2 24

21 Zanussi Oven (Cake) 0.3 2 24

22 Hobart 1.5 1

23 Electric Potato Peeler 3 1

24 Vegetable Slicer 0.5 1 1

25 Exhaust Fan 1

26 Ice Cuber 24

27 Dish Washer 3.65 1 6

28 Geezer 10 1 6


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29 Water Boiler 2

30 Refrigerator 24

31 Microwave Oven

32 Cool Cupboard 24

33 Water Boiler 19.2 1 1.5 3

34 Dish Washer 30 1 6

46.72 1 6

35 Boiler 30 1 2

36 Wall Mounted Instant Water

Geezer

30 1

37 Cool Cupboard 0.146 1 24

38 Water Cooler 0.575 1 8

39 Boiler 8

40 Blender 1

41 Blodgett Oven 1

42 Oven 1

43 Boiler 2

44 Coffee Maker 1

45 Dish Washer 1

46 Refrigerator 2 24

47 Exhaust Fan 1

48 Water Filter 0.5 2

49 Toaster 1

50 Bun Heater 1

51 Sup Boiler 2

Table 3.1: Device List - Kitchen

Three different types of cold rooms have been installed in the premises near to the kitchen

area. During the audit, it was observed that cold stop air curtains are used only in two cold

rooms. Basically these insulated curtains trap cold air in and keeps warm air out of the room


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and reduce the energy wastage. So it is better to make use of a cold stop air curtain to the other

cold room door as well.

Another important fact noticed was that doors in the cold rooms are opened number of times

per day and it was kept open for about 15 minutes period. So one significant fact to be kept in

mind is that try to reduce the number of unnecessary door openingsand to minimize the door

open up time duration by using a proper food taken out schedule.

The recommendations given below will improve the energy efficiency and help reduce energy

costs.

a) Conduct a survey to collect data on lighting devices in the buildingb)

Change the lamp globes used in corridors and stairways to obtain the requiredilluminance

c) Replace the 60W fluorescent lamps used in the chamber for task lighting with 40Wlamps as the given illuminance level is within the required range

d) Number each and every lighting device and corresponding switch for easyidentification.

e) Use occupancy sensors where possible to eliminate idling lightse.g - Bathrooms

f) Connect day light sensors where natural lighting can be optimally usede.g - Library, Kitchen

g) Improve awareness of staff on importance of switching off unnecessary lights whenthere are no occupants in the location

e.g - Corridors, Staircases, Conference rooms

h) Regular cleaning of lighting fixtures is requiredi) Implement a GSM based system to automatically operate the lamps installed in

parliament outside perimeter

j) Reduce the number of unnecessary door openings of cold rooms and minimize the dooropen up time duration by using a proper food taken out schedule

Documents

Energy Audit Report - Group B