Energy Audit Audit Reports - Aug 20… · Commissioning HVAC Performance Testing Energy Audits Project Management ... CHP, Fuel Cells, and Micro-turbines were also researched, but

510 Thornall Street, Suite 170

Edison, NJ 08837

Phone: 732-590-0122

Fax: 732-590-0129

Energy AuditPrepared For:

Salem County Vocational Technical Schools

Contact:

William M. Gerson

Business Administrator

Prepared By:

Dome – Tech, Inc.

Prepared Under the Guidelines of the State of NJ Local Government Energy Audit Program

June 30, 2009

510 Thornall Street, Suite 170Edison, NJ 08837

Tel: 732.590.0122Fax: 732.590.0129

www.dome-tech.com

Commissioning HVAC Performance Testing Energy Audits Project Management

Retro-Commissioning Facility Management Consulting Energy Procurement

SALEM COUNTY VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL SCHOOLSENERGY AUDIT REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Executive Summary

2. ECM Summary By Payback

3. Energy Audit Report Energy Audit Purpose & Scope Historic Energy Consumption Facility Description Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Energy Conservation Measures Renewable/Distributed Energy Measures Energy Procurement Notes and Assumptions Operations & Maintenance Next Steps

4. Appendix Portfolio Manager/Energy Star Statement of Energy Performance (report) Schools Total Annual Energy Use Schools Energy Use Graphs Equipment & Lighting Inventory Lists ECM Lists ECM Costs & Calculations Renewables Calculations BMS & Temperature Setpoint Schedules

Page 2

510 Thornall Street, Suite 170 Edison, NJ 08837

Tel: 732.590.0122 Fax: 732.590.0129

www.dome-tech.com

Commissioning HVAC Performance Testing Energy Audits Project Management

Retro-Commissioning Facility Management Consulting Energy Procurement

June 30, 2009 Mr. William M. Gerson Business Administrator/Board Secretary Salem County Vocational Technical Schools 880 Route 45 PO Box 350 Woodstown, NJ 08098 Re: Salem County Vocational Technical Schools State of New Jersey Local Government Energy Audit Program

Dear Mr. Gerson, Dome-Tech was retained by Salem County Vocational Technical Schools, as a prequalified participant in the Local Government Energy Audit Program, to perform an energy audit. The objective of the energy audit was to evaluate the school’s energy consumption program, establish baselines for energy consumption and identify opportunities to reduce the amount of energy used and/or its cost. The scope of the audit consisted of:

Benchmarking historic energy consumption utilizing EPA Energy Star’s Portfolio Manager;

Characterizing building use, occupancy, size, and construction;

Providing a detailed equipment list including estimated service life and efficiency

Identifying energy conservation measures;

Evaluating the economic viability of various renewable/distributed energy technologies;

Performing a utility tariff analysis and assessing savings potential from energy procurement strategies; and

Providing the method of analyses Presently, Salem County Vocational Technical Schools have an annual expenditure of:

Electricity: 1,694,718 kWh at a total cost of $243,308

Natural Gas: 72,681 therms at a total cost of $113,741 Please see attached for a detailed list of identified Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs). The above mentioned energy conservation opportunities will provide the following estimated benefits:

Total annual electrical savings: 474,800 kilowatt-hours; 28%

Total annual natural gas savings: 14,840 therms of natural gas usage; 20%

Page 3

“Building Performance - Delivered”

Total annual energy cost savings: $103,820; 29%

Total annual CO2 emissions reduction: 245 tons

Total estimated implementation cost: $427,710

Total average simple payback: 5.3 yrs Salem County Vocational Technical Schools attained a score of 23 when data was entered into the US EPA ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager database. Buildings with scores of 75 or higher may qualify for the ENERGY STAR Building Label. Distributed/Renewable Energy Systems were reviewed for the school with the following conclusions:

A Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) installation is not recommended as an immediate retrofit project. However, a detailed life cycle analysis of a GSHP system versus a traditional HVAC system is recommended once the existing equipment exceeds the estimated equipment service life.

Dome-Tech considered three different types of wind turbine technologies that consisted of both building-mounted and traditional ground-mounted variety. Due to attractive payback and high potential for energy reduction, the 50 kilowatt ground mounted wind turbine project appears to be the most attractive option. Should the Salem County Vocational Technical Schools decide to pursue a wind turbine project, Dome-Tech recommends commissioning a more detailed study.

A 481 kw dc photovoltaic system that could provide 8% of the annual usage with an estimated simple payback of approximately 8.6 years was assessed for implementation.

CHP, Fuel Cells, and Micro-turbines were also researched, but are not recommended due to the lack of thermal requirements in the summertime.

Regarding the procurement of utilities, Dome-Tech understands that Salem County Vocational Technical Schools is served by three electric accounts behind Atlantic City Electric Company, two of which are served under rate class Annual General Service (AGS) and one that is served under rate class Monthly General Service (MGS). The district should consider shopping for electric generation service for its BGS-FP accounts. The district is also served by two natural gas accounts behind South Jersey Gas Company. Now is an ideal time to seek longer-term rate stability through a fixed price arrangement through a retail supplier.

During the development of this audit, Dome-Tech was assisted by facility personnel, who were both knowledgeable and very helpful to our efforts. We would like to acknowledge and thank all of those individuals.

Sincerely, Derek James, CEM, LEED, AP Senior Energy Engineer

Page 4

SALEM COUNTY VOCATIONAL TECHINICAL SCHOOLS

ECO/ECM Summary In School File Not in School File

Energy Conservation Measures

(ECM) Building

kWh Therms

1 Vending Miser Main Building 5,900 0 900$ -$ 900$ 850$ 850$ 1.1 2 94%

2 Optimize Domestic HW Main Building 0 330 820$ -$ 820$ 670$ 670$ 1.2 2 82%

3 Replace aging AHUs with higher efficiency unitsMain Building 143,700 0 27,400$ 14,259$ 14,260$ 13,100$ 20,700$ 20,700$ 0.6 47 158%

4 DHW timer Prep Center 630 0 190$ -$ 190$ 100$ 100$ 1.9 0 53%

4 DHW timer Main Building 620 0 180$ -$ 180$ 90$ 90$ 2.0 0 50%

5 Time of Day Opt Prep Center 13,800 2,900 2,700$ -$ 2,700$ 6,600$ 6,600$ 0.4 22 244%

5 Time of Day Opt Main Building 46,740 6,370 61,000$ -$ 61,000$ 16,700$ 16,700$ 3.653 53 27%

6 Set Point Optimization Main Building 0 0 8,850$ -$ 8,900$ 4,300$ 4,300$ 2.1 0 48%

6 Set Point Optimization Prep Center 0 0 17,000$ -$ 17,000$ 7,200$ 7,200$ 2.4 0 42%

7 High Efficiency Cond. Boiler Main Building 0 5,100 115,000$ 1,200$ 1,200$ 113,800$ 8,000$ 8,000$ 14.2 30 7%

8 LIGHTING ALL 127,000 0 132,200$ 16,989$ 17,000$ 115,200$ 19,000$ 19,000$ 6.1 42 16%

9 Premium Eff Motors Main Building 3,400 0 2,500$ 270$ 270$ 2,200$ 490$ 490$ 4.6 1 22%

9 Premium Eff Motors Prep Center 1,440 0 1,300$ 100$ 100$ 1,200$ 210$ 210$ 5.8 0 18%

10 Kitchen Hood MAU Main Building 180 100 1,100$ -$ 1,100$ 180$ 180$ 6.1 1 16%

11 HHW VFDs Main Building 33,100 0 29,800$ -$ 29,800$ 4,800$ 4,800$ 6.2 11 16%

12 Energy Star Kitchen Upgrades Main Building 26,600 0 31,900$ -$ 31,900$ 3,800$ 3,800$ 8.3 9 12%

13 Walkin Fridge Fan Control Main Building 2,110 0 3,500$ -$ 3,500$ 320$ 320$ 10.9 1 9%

14 HW Booster - Dishwasher Main Building 6,210 (200) 7,000$ -$ -$ 7,000$ 500$ 500$ 14.0 1 7%

15 DCV Prep Center 1,990 220 5,080$ -$ 5,100$ 630$ 630$ 8.1 2 12%

15 DCV Main Building 6,680 350 4,400$ -$ 4,400$ 1,500$ 1,500$ 2.9 4 34%

16 WSHP upgrade - split units Prep Center 60,600 0 9,440$ -$ 9,440$ 8,700$ 8,700$ 1.1 20 92%

All Buildings 474,800 14,840 460,540$ 32,818$ 32,830$ 427,710$ 103,820$ 103,820$ 5.3 245 967%

cars 63.89444

trees 163.9397

Total Annual

Cost Savings*

Simple

PayBack*

Annual

Avoided

CO2

Emissions

Return on

Investment

(ROI)

Net

Implementation

Costs

Annual Energy

Cost Savings*

Energy Savings

Totals

Gross

Installation

Costs*

Rebates/

Incentives

Rebates/

Incentives

Page 5

Energy Audit Report, Salem County Vocational Technical Schools, NJ June 2009

Energy Audit Purpose & Scope

Purpose:

The objectives of the energy audit are to evaluate the site’s energy consumption,

establish baselines for energy efficiency and identify opportunities to reduce the amount

of energy used and/or its cost.

Scope:

I. Historic Energy Consumption: Benchmark energy use using Energy Star Portfolio

Manager

II. Facility Description – characterize building usage, occupancy, size and construction.

III. Equipment Inventory – detailed equipment list including useful life and efficiency.

IV. Energy Conservation Measures: Identify and evaluate opportunities for cost savings and

economic returns.

V. Renewable/Distributed Energy Measures: evaluate economic viability of various

renewable/distributed energy technologies.

VI. Energy Purchasing and Procurement Strategies: perform utility tariff analysis and assess

potential for savings from energy procurement strategies.

VII. Method of Analysis: Appendices

Page 6


Historic Energy Consumption

Utility Usage and Costs Summary Time-period: Jan. 2008 – Dec. 2008

Please see Appendix for full utility data and consumption profiles for the School.

SALEM COUNTY VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL SCHOOLS NATURAL GAS USAGE

0

2,00

0

4,00

0

6,00

0

8,00

010

,000

12,000

14,000

May

-07

Jun-07

Jul-0

7

Aug

-07

Sep

-07

Oct-0

7

Nov

-07

Dec

-07

Jan-08

Feb-

08

Mar-0

8

Apr-0

8

TH

ER

MS

Natural Gas

Page 7


Historic Energy Consumption

ENERGY STAR SCORES

Energy Star Score is calculated to establish a facility-specific energy intensity baseline.

Energy Star can be used to compare energy consumption to other similar facilities and to

gauge the success of energy conservation and cost containment efforts.

Buildings with an Energy Star rating of 75, or above, are eligible to apply for an official

Energy Star Building label.

Facility Name

Total

Floor

Area

Energy

Star

Score

Eligible to

Apply for

ENERGY STAR

Current Site

Energy Intensity

(kBtu/SF)

Current Source

Energy Intensity

(kBtu/SF)

Salem County Vocational

Technical Schools 136,356 23 NA 95 195.7

Page 8


Historic Energy Consumption (continued)

Portfolio Manager Sign - In

An account has been created for Salem County Vocational Technical Schools in

Portfolio Manager. You will have received an email to notify you of the generation of

this account and shared access with Dome-Tech. Please use this to read your facility

information. Please feel free to alter this information when the report is finalized. We

would ask that you leave the sign-in information alone until then. Your college’s

information is currently shared as read only.

When the report is finalized the shared access will be changed so that you can use /

edit the information and change as you wish.

Website link to sign-in:https://www.energystar.gov/istar/pmpam/index.cfm?fuseaction=login.Login

Username: SalemVoTech

Password: DTSalemVoTech

Email for account: [email protected]

Page 9

https://www.energystar.gov/istar/pmpam/index.cfm?fuseaction=login.Login


Facility Information

Building: Salem County Vo-Tech HS

Address: 880 Route 45

Woodstown, New Jersey 08098

Gross Floor Area: 136,356 sf

Year Built: 1972 – original building (Wings A, B, C, and administration);

Additions in 1976 (D Wing) and 2003 (F Wing); Prep Center built

in 1992

Grades: 9-12

# Students/ # Staff: 300/109

Construction Features:

Facade: Concrete masonry with brick

Roof Type: Pitched, grey, metal deck, built-up, ballasted, in good condition

Windows: Cover approximately 20% of façade; installed 1993; wood frame,

fixed,

dual pane, in good condition

Exterior Doors: Metal, in good condition

Page 10


Facility Information

Major Mechanical Systems

Air Handlers / AC Systems / Ventilation Systems:

Twenty-four (24) split AC systems – see equipment list for manufacturers

Twenty-one (21) Trane Roof Top Units (RTUs)

Seven (7) Air handlers – see equipment list for more information

One (1) Cambridge Make-up air unit

Boilers/Heating Systems:

Five (5) Weil McLain natural gas boilers

One (1) A.O.Smith electric water heater

Two (2) Bradford White electric water heaters – 80 gallon and 30 gallon capacity

Two (2) A.O.Smith natural gas water heaters – 80 gallon and 84 gallon capacity

Two (2) State Select natural gas water heaters – 74 gallon and 75 gallon capacity

Fifteen (15) McQuay Air Handler Heat Pumps

Five (5) McQuay Unit Ventilators

Six (6) Bell & Gossett pumps

Five (5) Pumps with no manufacturer data

Page 11


Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction

Implementation of all the identified ECMs will yield:

474,700 kilowatt-hours of annual avoided electric usage.

14,840 therms of annual avoided natural gas usage.

This equates to the following annual reductions:

245 tons of CO2;

-OR-

64 Cars removed from road;

-OR-

164 Acres of trees planted annually

The Energy Information Administration

(EIA) estimates that power plants in

the state of Connecticut emit 0.694 lbs

CO2 per kWh generated.

The Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA) estimates that one car emits

11,560 lbs CO2 per year.

The EPA estimates that reducing

CO2 emissions by 7,333 pounds

is equivalent to planting an acre of

trees.

Page 12


Energy Conservation Measures ECM #1: Vending Machine Power Management

Dome-Tech recommends installing a VendMiser vending machine power management

device on all vending machines.

The device uses a passive infrared sensor to power down the machine when the area

surrounding it is vacant. Then it monitors the room’s temperature and automatically re-

powers the cooling system at one- to three-hour intervals, independent of sales, to ensure

that the product stays cold.

The microcontroller will never power down the machine while the compressor is running,

eliminating compressor short-cycling. In addition, when the machine is powered up, the

cooling cycle is allowed to finish before again powering down (reduces compressor wear

and tear).

MAIN BLDG

Estimated Annual Savings: $850

Gross Estimated Implementation Cost: $900

Expected Rebate / Energy Efficiency Credit: 0

Net Estimated Implementation Costs: $900

Simple Payback (yrs): (with and w/o rebate) 1.1

Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons): 2

Page 13


ECM #2: Optimize Domestic Hot Water Systems

The domestic hot water available to building population and kitchen needs areheated by various types of hot water heaters: Conventional electric storage water heaters

Conventional natural gas fired storage water heaters

Indirect natural gas fired water heater with storage tank

Picture: Prep Center

Natural Gas Hot Water HeaterPicture: Prep Center Electric Water

Heater

Picture: Salon Electric Hot

Water Heater

Page 14


ECM #2: Optimize Domestic Hot Water Systems (continued)

Distribution Savings:

The school was observed to have standard faucets with traditional 2.5 GPM aerators.New spray aerators can reduce the flow to 0.5 gpm while still providing adequate waterto wash your hands. This reduction of flow will save hot/cold water consumption andtherefore save the energy associated with heating this water.

0.5 GPM Needle

Spray Aerator2.5 GPM Traditional

Aerator

VS

Page 15

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ECM #2: Optimize Domestic Hot Water Systems (continued)

Heating Savings:

All conventional electric storage water heaters are recommended to be replaced withconventional natural gas fired storage water heaters. The indirect natural gas firedwater heater systems that are located near the central boiler plant should beredesigned to operate off the existing boiler. Energy savings will be achieved byproducing hot water from the existing boiler that operates at 85% efficiency comparedto the existing indirect natural gas fired water heater operating at 81%.

Operational Savings:

Most of these systems are set to provide domestic hot water at 120 F, but somesystems are set to store water at higher temperatures. A few of the systems serving thekitchens would require temperatures of about 120 F but the rest of the systems shouldnot require the elevated temperatures. Energy savings can be achieved by adjustingthe controls of these heaters to reduce the storage temperature requirements.

MAIN BLDG

Estimated Annual Energy Cost Savings: $670

Estimated Gross Implementation Costs: $820

NJ Smart Start Rebate: $0


Estimated Simple Payback: 1.2

Annual Avoided CO2

Emissions (tons): 2

Page 16


ECM #3: Replacement of AHUs

The existing rooftop units (RTUs) are between 15-30 years old and are at the end of their estimatedequipment service life (EESL) per ASHRAEstandards. (The EESL for package rooftop units is15 years.)

Replacing these RTU’s with new, higher efficiencyunits will significantly reduce annual energy andmaintenance costs.

New Jersey SmartStart offers rebates that usuallypay for the incremental cost to upgrade to higherefficient units.

*Energy Efficiency Ratios: EER is the

rating of cooling output (Btu) divided by

the electrical energy input (watts). The

higher the EER, the more efficient the

unit.

Savings do not include

maintenance savings.

Marginal Cost = Premium

Efficiency Units - Like and

Kind replacement

MAIN BUILDING

Estimated Annual Energy Cost Savings: $20,700

Estimated Gross Marginal Costs: $27,400

NJ Smart Start Rebate: $14,260

Net Estimated Marginal Costs: $13,140


Annual Avoided CO2

Emissions (tons): 47

Page 17


ECM #3: Replacement of AHUs (continued)

Energy Efficiency Ratios*

Capacity

(tons)Existing Proposed

# of

Units

Rebates

$/ton

Total

Rebate

2 9.5 14.3 7 $92 $1,288

3 9.5 14.3 3 $92 $828

4 9.5 14.3 2 $92 $736

5 9.5 12.8 12 $92 $5,520

6 9.5 12.8 4 $73 $1,752

7.5 8.9 12.1 2 $73 $1,095

10 8.9 12.1 2 $73 $1,460

20 8.5 12.6 1 $79 $1,580

Page 18


ECO #4: Install Timers on Hot Water Heaters

The two buildings creates domestic hot water from 3 electric hot water heaters (one permechanical room). The hot water heaters are rated for a total of 140 gallons and 14.5kilowatts of heating.

Although hot water heaters/storage tanks are insulated, there is significant standbyheat loss during off hours. The heating elements turn on throughout unoccupied hoursto maintain the desired set point temperature.

Placing timers on the units will turn the units off during unoccupied hours and turn themback on two hours prior to occupation. This setback schedule eliminates energy used

to make up the standby heat loss.

*Equipment cost only. Assumes install by staff.

MAIN BLDG PREP CTR TOTALS

Estimated Annual Savings: $90 $100 $190

Gross Estimated Implementation Cost: $180 $190 $370

Expected Rebate / Energy Efficiency Credit: 0 0 0

Net Estimated Implementation Costs: $180 $190 $370

Simple Payback (yrs): (with and w/o rebate) 2.0 1.9 2.0

Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons): 0 0 0

Page 19


ECM #5: Optimize Time of Day Schedules

A review of the schedules in building management system (BMS) revealed an opportunityto optimize the time of day schedules.

Optimizing the schedules to better reflect actual building occupancy will reduce heatingand cooling costs.

For example, programming the units to come on one hour later and turn off one hoursooner will reduce HVAC costs.

Please see Appendix for Time of Day Schedules


Estimated Annual Savings: $16,700 $6,600 $21,500

Gross Estimated Implementation Cost: $61,000 $2,700 $63,700


Net Estimated Implementation Costs: $61,000 $2,700 $2,700



Page 20


ECM #6: Optimize and Standardize the Space Temperature Setpoints

A review of the building management systems revealed room and supply temperature setpoint inconsistencies.

DomeTech recommends that standard summer/winter setpoints be implemented as follows:

74 F cooling – 72 F heating

Ensure there are no deviations between the zone temperature setpoints(prevents one zone heating, next zone cooling)


Estimated Annual Savings: $4,300 $7,200 $11,500





Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons): 10.3 25 35.3

Page 21


ECM#7: Replace Fire and Tube Boiler with Condensing Boilers

The facility’s electric cost is $0.14 per

kilowatt hour. The price for natural gas is

approximately $1.56 per therm.

Boiler # 2 was leaking a signification

amount of 140 F water right to the drain

pipe

Dome-Tech recommends contacting the

local natural gas representative to

discuss installing natural gas supply

piping.

Main Building: Fire Tube

Boiler

MAIN BLDG






Annual Avoided CO2


Main Building: 140 F Fire

Tube Boiler Leak

Marginal Cost = Premium

Efficiency Units - Like and

Kind replacement



Page 22


ECM #8: Lighting Upgrade

Although most of the current light fixtures have higher efficiency T-8 fluorescent lamps and ballasts, improved light fixture designs will further reduce lighting energy costs by reducing the total number of lamps and fixtures while maintaining the minimum lighting output as per state codes.

Many areas were observed to have lights on regardless of occupancy. Installing occupancy sensors in these areas will automatically turn lights on/off according to actual occupancy by sensing the presence of people in the room. Occupancy sensors will reduce lighting energy costs by approximately 30%*.

*Source: Turner, Wayne, Energy Management Handbook, 1999.


Estimated Annual Operating Cost Savings: $8,800

Total Estimated Annual Savings: $27,800

Gross Estimated Implementation Cost: $132,200


Net Estimated Implementation Costs: $115,200

Simple Payback (yrs): (with rebate) 4.1


Page 23


ECM #9: Premium Efficiency Motors

Most of the existing motors serving the AHU’s and pumps are standard efficiency motors.

See the appendix for a detailed list of motors surveyed for this ECO.

Dome-Tech recommends replacing select regularly operated standard efficiency motors

(pumps and large AHU’s) with new premium efficiency motors. For all other motors, when

the motor starts to fail it is recommended that they are replaced with new premium

efficiency motors. The new motors would reduce the electrical consumption of the

buildings’ motors by approximately $700/year.

Typical Efficiencies for Standard & Premium Motors

(1800 RPM Open Drip-Proof Motors)

MAIN BLDG PREP CENTER TOTALS

Estimated Annual Energy Cost Savings: $490 $210 $700

Estimated Gross Marginal Costs: $2,500 $1,300 $4,400

NJ Smart Start Rebate: $270 $100 $370

Net Estimated Marginal Costs: $2,230 $1,200 $4,030

Estimated Simple Payback: 4.6 5.8 5.2

Annual Avoided CO2

Emissions (tons): 1 0 1

Page 24


ECM #10: Kitchen Hood Make-Up Air System

Dome-Tech recommends replacing the existing kitchen hood exhaust fan and controls with

a new kitchen ventilation system. The new system would replace air that is exhausted with

55 -60 F degree tempered air via a new indirect gas fired make-up air unit. The new

system will deliver the tempered make-up air around the perimeter of the exhaust hood in

an effort to prevent exhausting fully conditioned zone air from the cafeteria.

Savings will be generated during the winter by reducing the amount of make-up air that

needs to be fully conditioned to zone temperature. Additional fan savings will also be

realized since the air will be locally supplied rather than blowing through long runs of

ductwork from the packaged rooftop units.

MAIN BLDG

Estimated Annual Energy Cost Savings: $180

Estimated Gross Implementation Costs: $1,100




Annual Avoided CO2

Emissions (tons): 1

Page 25


ECO #11 – VFD on Perimeter Hot Water System Pumps

The perimeter hot water system is equipped with one (1) 15 HP supply pumps. The pumps operate in online / standby mode.

The pumps run at full speed regardless of system hot water demands.

Annual system pumping cost may be reduced by installing variable frequency drive (VFD) on the pump motors. Pump speed would be based upon system differential temperature.

The installation cost estimates assume the pump motors are inverter duty, and VFD’s will be installed on both pump motors. Installation costs and payback will be reduced by 56% if a VFD is installed on one pump.

MAIN BUILDING

Estimated Savings: $4,770



Net Estimated Implementation Cost: $29,800

Simple Payback (years): 6.3


Page 26


ECM #12: Replace Kitchen Equipment with Energy Star Rated Equipment

Most of the kitchen equipment (reach-in coolers/freezers, food warmers,

dishwashers) in the Salem Vo-Tech is older and less efficient than newer higher

efficiency equipment.

Replacing the electric equipment with higher efficiency Energy Star labeled

equipment will provide at least $3,800 in annual savings.

Improvements in kitchen equipment include lower idle rates, better insulation

which reduces the amount of standby losses through sides and top, and

premium efficient fan motors.

Electric Convection Oven Freezer RefrigeratorFood WarmerDishwasher

Page 27


ECM #12: Replace Electric Kitchen Equipment with Energy Star (continued)

MAIN BLDG


Estimated Gross Implementation Costs: $32,000




Annual Avoided CO2

Emissions (tons): 9

Page 28


ECM #13 - Walk-In Cooler Controllers

Typically the walk-in cooler evaporator fans run continuously. However, full airflow is only

required 50% of the runtime.

In the most common applications (those that use single-phase power), motors for the fans

are typically shaded-pole or permanent-split-capacitor types, both of which are very

inefficient.

Inexpensive controllers are currently available that slow these fans when full-speed

operation is unnecessary.

Reducing the operating speed reduces the energy consumption of the fan. In addition, the

motor produces less heat at slower speeds, which means that the compressor has less

heat to remove from the refrigerated compartment.

MAIN BUILDING

Estimated Savings: $320



Net Estimated Implementation Cost: $3,500

Simple Payback (years): 10.9


Page 29


ECM #14: Replace Dishwasher Electric Hot Water Booster with a Gas Fired Unit

The school kitchens are equipped with electric hot water boosters to raise water

temperatures for dishwashing.

The average electric cost is about $0.14 per kilowatt hour. The equivalent natural gas cost

for a 95% efficient natural gas hot water heater is $4.44 per therm. The actual price for

natural gas is approximately $1.56 per therm (over 200% less than electric heat).

Replacing the electric heaters with natural gas units will provide at least $500 in annual

savings and will reduce electric demand by 24 kW. Dome-Tech recommends contacting

the local natural gas representative to discuss installing natural gas supply piping.

Prior to installing gas-fired equipment in the kitchen, refer to applicable fire codes for proper

ventilation requirements.

Main Building: Electric hot water booster

heater built-in to dishwasher

MAIN BUILDING

Estimated Annual Savings: $500

Gross Estimated Marginal Cost: $7000

Expected Rebate / Energy Efficiency Credit: 0

Net Estimated Marginal Costs: $7000

Simple Payback (yrs): (with and w/o rebate) 14.0


Page 30


ECO #15: Demand Control Ventilation

Building codes require that a minimum amount of fresh air be provided to ensure adequate

air quality. To comply, ventilation systems often operate at a fixed rate based on an

assumed occupancy (e.g., 20 cfm per person multiplied by the maximum design

occupancy). The result is excessive fresh air volumes which require costly (and

unnecessary) conditioning.

Demand-controlled ventilation controls the amount of outside air based upon the CO2 levels

generated by building occupants. Demand ventilation should be added to any return air

system where space occupancy varies dramatically – dining room and common areas.

By installing CO2 sensors and controlling the CO2 level at less than 1000 PPM, the outside

air flow is kept to the absolute minimum while space conditions are kept in compliance with

building codes and standards such as the ASHRAE Indoor Air Quality Standard.


Estimated Annual Savings: $1,500 $630 $2,130




Simple Payback (yrs): (with and w/o rebate) 2.9 8 10.9


Page 31


ECM #16: WSHP Upgrade Split Units

The existing 24 water source heat pump units (WSHPs) areapproximately 17 years old and are at the end of their estimatedequipment service life (EESL) per ASHRAE standards. (The EESLfor package rooftop units is 15 years.)

Replacing these WSHP’s with new, higher efficiency units willsignificantly reduce annual energy and maintenance costs.

New Jersey SmartStart offers rebates that usually pay for theincremental cost to upgrade to higher efficient units.

Energy Efficiency Ratios*

*Energy Efficiency Ratios: EER is the rating of

cooling output (Btu) divided by the electrical

energy input (watts). The higher the EER, the

more efficient the unit.



Unit Capacity (tons) Existing Proposed

5 9 14

10 8.6 11

PREP CTR





Estimated Simple Payback: 1 year

Annual Avoided CO2


Page 32


ECM # 17 - Creation of an Energy Awareness & Education Program

Salem County Vo-Tech HS currently has no observed program in place.

Educational institutions are where our nation’s youth spend a significant portion of their time. As such,

educators can have a potentially large impact on promoting an energy conscious and conservation-

minded society that starts at their school, leading to energy cost reductions, environmental benefits, and

national energy independence.

In addition, schools can receive recognition for their efforts and possible media coverage, which can

contribute to enhanced school spirit, and individual feelings of accomplishment and connection.

Estimated Annual Savings: 2-3%*

Gross Estimated Implementation Cost: $1500

Expected Rebate / Energy Efficiency Credit: None


Simple Payback (yrs): (with and w/o rebate) Varies

Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons): Varies

Cost per Ton CO2 Reduction ($/ton): Varies

* Estimated Annual Savings are based on the robustness of the program implemented, maintenance, and annual energy costs.

Page 33


Renewable/Distributed Energy Measures

Distributed Generation & Renewable Energy

Distributed Generation (on-site generation) generates electricity from many small energy sources. These sources can be renewable (solar/wind/geothermal) or can be small scale power generation technologies (CHP, fuel cells, microturbines)

Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources (sunlight, wind, and underground geothermal heat) which are naturally replenished

Photovoltaic's (solar) are particularly popular in Germany and Spain and growing in popularity in the U.S.

Wind power is growing as well, mostly in Europe and the U.S.

Geothermal applications are used widely in western U.S. (most prominent in the Yellowstone basin and in northern California)

Page 34


Renewable Energy Technologies: Geothermal

Heat Pump

The heat pump is the driving force behind a GSHP system. A typical heat pump is an “air-to-water”

unit, meaning the fluid carries heat to and from the earth (via the earth connection) is a water or

water/antifreeze mixture, and the HVAC distribution system in the building distributes hot or cold

air. Heat pumps are self-contained in a single enclosure and consist of a refrigerant compressor,

earth heat sink heat exchanger, and an air distribution system (fan, refrigerant-to-air heat

exchanger, and condensate removal). Heat pumps range in size between 1 to 30 tons. For larger

facilities (such as schools and office buildings), several heat pump units are required.

Well Field

The well field provides the heat exchanging mechanism between the GSHP system water side and

the earth. Well fields are either open or closed system. Open systems directly draw from an

adjacent water source such as a lake or aquifer. Closed systems are typically polyurethane tubing

buried in horizontal trenches or boreholes. The system selected for this analysis is a closed loop,

horizontal well field. Wells are typically 250 to 500 feet deep each, and provide 1 ton of cooling for

every 250 linear feet. Wells are spaced at 15 to 20 feet on center, and larger systems can have a

significant footprint. In addition, the well boring portion of the project is capital intensive and usually

accounts for over 50% of the total GSHP system cost. Once installed, and well field has a

estimated equipment service life of over 50 years.

Heating/Cooling Distribution System

The heating/cooling distribution system consists of the ductwork used to supply conditioned air the

building. As previously stated, larger facilities often require multiple heat pumps connected to a

common building loop. Buildings equipped with GSHP’s may also require make-up air units to

provide fresh air to the spaces, as well as an auxiliary heat source (such as a boiler or steam heat

exchanger) to supplement heating during high heating degree days.

Geothermal ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems are HVAC systems that use the earth’s relatively constant temperature to provide heating or cooling

to a system. In doing so, GSHP systems move 3 to 5 times more energy between the building and the ground than is actually consumed by the system

components. In comparison, this represents a 30% decrease in energy consumption when compared to conventional HVAC systems that required chillers or

refrigeration coils for cooling and boilers or electric resistance coils for heating.

A GSHP system consists of three major components: the heat pump, the well field, and the heating/cooling distribution system.

Page 35


Renewable Energy Technologies: Geothermal

The project economics and GSHP pro’s and cons are presented in the following tables:

GSHP Pros & Cons

Pros Cons

Annual HVAC energy reduction

of over 50% and energy spend by

over $72,000.

Well fields installations typically

last over 50 years.

Reduction of annual greenhouse

gas emissions by 311 tons per

year.

Potential for removal of boiler

and chiller / low efficiency DX

refrigeration system.

Potential for reduced

maintenance costs if the GSHP

system replaces a cooling tower or

other equipment.

Payback period is longer than

expected life of heat pump

equipment (exclusive of well field).

Ground conditions are not

always conducive to a well field

installation. Conditions unknown

until drilling is complete.

The well field requires a

significant amount of real estate.

In this case, well over an acre of

land may be required depending

on depth of well field.

A GSHP installation is not recommended as an immediate retrofit project for the main building. However,

a detailed life cycle analysis of a GSHP system versus a traditional HVAC system is recommended once

the existing equipment exceeds the estimated equipment service life.

Page 36


Renewable Energy Technologies: Wind

Wind turbines generate electricity by harnessing a wind stream's kinetic energy as it spins the turbine airfoils. As with most renewable energy sources, wind

energy is subject to intermittent performance due to the unpredictability of wind resources.

Salem County Wind Speed

As previously stated, wind speed is critical to the successful wind turbine installation. According to average wind data from NASA’s Surface Meteorology and

Solar Energy records, the average annual wind speed for the Salem County area is 4.6 meters per second. Ideal wind speeds for a successful project

should average over 6 meters per second.

For the Salem Vo-Tech, Dome-Tech considered three (3) types of wind turbine technologies; building integrated wind turbines (1 kW each) and traditional

ground mounted wind turbines (5 kW & 50 kW).

Building Integrated Wind Turbines

Model: AeroVironment AVX1000

Height: 8.5’

Rotor Diameter: 6’

Weight: 130 lbs.

Cut-In Wind Speed: 2.2 m/s

Maximum Generating Capacity: 1 kW

5 kW Ground Mount

Model: WES5 Tulipo

Height: 40’


Weight: 1,900 lbs.


Maximum Generating Capacity: 5.2 kW

50 kW Ground Mount

Model: Entegrity EW50

Height: 102’


Weight: 21,000 lbs.


Maximum Generating Capacity: 50 kW

Page 37


Renewable Energy Technologies: Wind

The project economics and wind turbine pros and cons are presented in the following tables:

Wind Turbine Pros & Cons

Pros Cons

Annual reduction in energy

spend and use can be

potentially reduced by almost

$15,000 (6 % reduction).

Typical equipment life span

is 15-30 years.

Reduction of annual

greenhouse gas emissions by

4-28 tons per year.

A wind turbine project could

be incorporated into science

and other curriculums to raise

student awareness of energy

alternatives.

High visible “green” project.

Payback period is

significant (over 10 years).

Average area wind speed is

not ideal and impacts

performance.

Prone to lighting strikes.

Bird collisions are likely, but

may be reduced with avian

guard (building integrate

only).

Zoning may be an issue.

Check with local zoning

regulations.

Wind turbines do create

noise, although below 50 dB

(a typical car ride is over 80

dB).

Due to attractive payback and high potential for energy reduction, the 50 kilowatt ground mounted wind

turbine project appears to be the most attractive option. Should Salem Vocational Technical School

decide to pursue a wind turbine project, Dome-Tech recommends commissioning a more detailed study.

Page 38


Renewable Energy Technologies: Solar Photovoltaic

Solar Photovoltaic

Sunlight can be converted into electricity using photovoltaic's (PV).

A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts sunlight directly into electricity.

Photons in sunlight hit the solar panel and are absorbed by semiconducting materials, such as silicon. Electrons are knocked loose from their atoms, allowing them to flow through the material to produce electricity.

Solar cells are often electrically connected and encapsulated as a module, in series, creating an additive voltage. The modules are connected in an array. The power output of an array is measured in watts or kilowatts, and typical energy needs are measured in kilowatt-hours.

Can be recommended in this application for placement on additional schools.

Page 39


Renewable Energy Technologies: Solar Photovoltaic

Solar Photovoltaic Systems

System Capacity, kw-dc (maximum utilization of roof space) 481 kw dc

Annual Electric Generation, kwhrs of AC electricity produced 507,264 kwh

Total Annual Facility Electric Use, kwhrs 6,496,588 kwh

% of Total Annual Usage 8%

All-In Cost of Electric Year 1 $0.137 / kwh

Annual Electric Cost Savings $69,495

Estimated SREC Value (Year 1): $640 / SREC

Estimated Year 1 SREC Revenue: $324,481

Equivalent Annual CO2 Emission Reduction (tons per year)1

278 tons/yr

Equivalent Cars Removed From Road Annually2

48

Equivalent Acres of Trees Planted Annually3

76

System Installed Cost (does not include value of tax credits) $2,887,650

Simple Payback (includes tax incentives) 8.6

IRR (25 Years) 8%

Page 40


Solar Photo Voltaic System

Non-Financial Benefits of Solar PV The implementation of solar PV projects at

Salem Vocational Technical High School will

allow the district the opportunity to not only

gain experience with this energy technology,

but also to win recognition as an

environmentally sensitive, socially conscience

institution. Additionally, these projects could

be incorporated into science education and

additional curriculums to raise awareness of

current energy alternatives to the younger

generations.

Page 41


Renewable Energy Technologies: CHP/Cogeneration

CHP (combined heat and power) or cogeneration is the use of a heat engine to simultaneously generate both electricity and useful heat.

Fuel Cells are electrochemical conversion devices that operate by catalysis, separation the protons and the electrons of the reactant fuel, and forcing the electrons to travel through a circuit to produce electricity. The catalyst is typically a platinum group metal or alloy. Another catalytic process takes the electrons back in, combining them with the protons and oxidant, producing waste products (usually water and carbon dioxide).

Microturbines are rotary engines that extract energy from a flow of combustion gas. They can be used with absorption chillers to provide cooling through waste heat rather than electricity. Microturbines are

best suited for facilities with year-round thermal and/or cooling loads.

Not recommended for Salem County Schools due to the lack of thermal requirements in the summertime.

Page 42


Energy Procurement – Electricity

Accounts and Rate Class: Salem County Vocational Technical School (“the District”) isserved by 3 electric accounts behind Atlantic City Electric Compay. Two accounts are servedunder rate class Annual General Service (AGS) and one account is served under rate classMonthly General Service (MGS).

Electric Consumption and Cost: Total energy consumption over the one year periodMay 2007 – April 2008 was approximately 1,695,000 kWh costing about $243,000. The Districtpaid between $0.14 and $0.16 per kWh, per month, on average, inclusive of utility deliverycharges.

Basic Generation Service and Retail Energy Shopping: In August 2003, the State of New Jersey deregulated its retail electric marketplace, and

per this process, every electric account for every owner was placed into one of twocategories: BGS-FP or BGS-CIEP. BGS-FP stands for Basic Generation Service-FixedPrice; BGS-CIEP stands for Basic Generation Service-Commercial and Industrial EnergyPricing.

At its first pass, this categorization was based on rate class. The largest electric accountsin the State (those on a Primary or a Transmission-level rate class) were moved intoBGS-CIEP pricing. All other accounts (most in NJ) remained on default service, or BGS-FP.

The NJBPU has continued to move new large energy users into BGS-CIEP by loweringthe demand (kW) threshold for electric accounts receiving Secondary service

Page 43


Energy Procurement – Electricity & Natural Gas

ELECTRICITY

All of the District’s electric accounts fall into the BGS-FP category.

Until recently, the least-cost option for FP accounts has been to remain with the utilityfor default electric service. This may not continue to be the case because marketpricing has fallen to a point that may enable retail suppliers to beat the BGS-FPrates. The district should consider shopping for electric generation service for itsBGS-FP accounts.

NATURAL GAS

The District is served by 2 natural gas accounts behind South Jersey Gas Company.

Natural gas is used predominantly for heating purposes; total annual consumption forthe period studied was approximately 72,000 decatherms. The District paid $1.56 perdTh, per month, on average, inclusive of utility delivery charges.

The District is currently contracted with Woodruff Energy, a retail energy supplier fornatural gas (commodity) service. with a floating rate between $1.14 and $1.21 pertherm.

Natural gas commodity futures prices at the time of this report are at about $0.39 pertherm for July 2009, and are below $0.60 per therm for the winter of 2009/2010.These are levels that have not been seen in more than 6 years (see graph below). Ifthe District seeks longer-term rate stability, now is an ideal time to entertain it througha fixed-price arrangement with a retail supplier.

Page 44


Energy Procurement – Natural Gas

Henry Hub Natural Gas - 12 Month Strip

3.82

4.47

4.87

8.22

12.71

10.09

7.14

8.62

8.29

13.33

8.10

0.000

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

12/4/01

2/4/02

4/4/02

6/4/02

8/4/02

10/4/02

12/4/02

2/4/03

4/4/03

6/4/03

8/4/03

10/4/03

12/4/03

2/4/04

4/4/04

6/4/04

8/4/04

10/4/04

12/4/04

2/4/05

4/4/05

6/4/05

8/4/05

10/4/05

12/4/05

2/4/06

4/4/06

6/4/06

8/4/06

10/4/06

12/4/06

2/4/07

4/4/07

6/4/07

8/4/07

10/4/07

12/4/07

2/4/08

4/4/08

6/4/08

8/4/08

10/4/08

12/4/08

2/4/09

4/4/09

Trade Date

$/M

MB

tu

3.90

Page 45


Notes and Assumptions

Project cost estimates were based upon industry accepted published cost data, rough

order of magnitude cost estimates from contractors, and regional prevailing wage

rates. The cost estimates presented in this report should be used to select projects

for investment grade development. The cost estimates presented in this report should

not be used for budget development or acquisition requests.

NOTE: Marginal Cost = Premium Efficiency Units - Like and Kind replacement Savings do

not include maintenance savings.

The following utility prices were used within this study for savings calculations. These

rates were based on the actual bills provided.:

Electricity Cost ($/kWh): $ 0.144

Gas Cost ($/therm): $ 1.565

The average CO2 emission rate from power plants serving the facilities within this

report was obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) eGRID2007

report. It is stated that power plants within the state of NJ emits 1.096 lbs of CO2 per

kWh generated.

The EPA estimates that burning one therm of natural gas emits 11.708 lbs CO2.

The EPA estimates that one car emits 11,560 lbs CO2 per year.

The EPA estimates that reducing CO2 emissions by 7,333 pounds is equivalent to

planting an acre of trees.Page 46


Next Steps

Projects that should be pursued for Phase II / III implementation:

Lighting Retrofit

RTU Replacement

Upgrade to high efficient condensing boilers

Install Vending Machine Power management

Optimize Domestic Hot Water Systems

Install Timers on Hot Water Heaters

Optimize Time of Day Schedules

Optimize Temperature Setpoints

Page 47

Documents

Energy Audit Audit Reports - Aug 20… · Commissioning HVAC Performance Testing Energy Audits Project Management ... CHP, Fuel Cells, and Micro-turbines were also researched, but