Energy Audit - Amazon S3Report...Margate City Board of Education, NJ Energy Audit Report, October 2009 Notes and Assumptions Project cost estimates were based upon industry accepted

510 Thornall Street, Suite 170Edison, NJ 08837Phone: 732-590-0122Fax: 732-590-0129

Energy AuditEnergy AuditPrepared For:Margate City Board ofEducation

Susan PalaiaBusiness Administrator

Prepared By:

Dome – Tech, Inc.

Prepared Under the

Guidelines of the State of NJLocal Government Energy

Audit Program

October 2009

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510 Thornall Street, Suite 170Edison, NJ 08837

Tel: 732.590.0122Fax: 732.590.0129

www.dome-tech.com

Commissioning HVAC Performance Testing Energy Audits Project Management

Retro-Commissioning Facility Management Consulting Energy Procurement

MARGATE CITY BOARD OF EDUCATIONENERGY AUDIT REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Executive Summary

2. ECM Summary By Payback

3. Energy Audit Report Energy Audit Purpose & Scope Historic Energy Consumption Facility Description Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Energy Conservation Measures Renewable/Distributed Energy Measures Energy Procurement Notes and Assumptions Operations & Maintenance Next Steps

4. Appendix Portfolio Manager/Energy Star Facilities Total Annual Energy Use Equipment & Lighting Inventory Lists ECM Lists ECM Costs & Calculations Renewables Calculations

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Margate City Board of Education, NJ Energy Audit Report, October 2009

Historic Energy ConsumptionHistoric Energy Consumption

Utility Usage and Costs Summary Time-period: March 2008 – March 2009

Please see Appendix for full utility data and consumption profiles for all schools.

Annual

kWhAnnual Cost $ / kWh

Annual

Therms

Annual

Cost$ / Therm

Union Avenue School 303,360 $43,161.63 $0.14 24,998 $39,019.11 $1.56

William H Ross III School 855,120 $141,969.51 $0.17 25,660 $39,152.68 $1.53

Eugene A. Tighe School 904,010 $138,309.46 $0.15 41,453 $59,140.03 $1.43

TOTALS/AVERAGE 2,062,490 $323,440.60 $0.15 92,111 $137,311.82 $1.50

SCHOOLS

Electric Natural Gas

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Energy Audit Purpose & ScopeEnergy Audit Purpose & Scope

Purpose:

The objectives of the energy audit are to evaluate the site’s energy consumption,establish baselines for energy consumption and identify opportunities to reduce the

amount of energy used and/or its cost.

Scope:

I. Historic Energy Consumption: Benchmark energy use using Energy Star PortfolioManager

II. Facility Description – characterize building usage, occupancy, size and construction.

III. Equipment Inventory – detailed equipment list including useful life and efficiency.

IV. Energy Conservation Measures: Identify and evaluate opportunities for cost savings andeconomic returns.

V. Renewable/Distributed Energy Measures: evaluate economic viability of variousrenewable/distributed energy technologies.

VI. Energy Purchasing and Procurement Strategies: perform utility tariff analysis and assesspotential for savings from energy procurement strategies.

VII.Method of Analysis: Appendices

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Historic Energy ConsumptionHistoric Energy Consumption

ENERGY STAR SCORES

Energy Star Score is calculated to establish a facility-specific energy intensity baseline.

Energy Star can be used to compare energy consumption to other similar facilities and togauge the success of energy conservation and cost containment efforts.

Buildings with an Energy Star rating/score of 75, or above, are eligible to apply for anofficial Energy Star Building label.

Facility NameTotal Floor

AreaEnergy Star

Score

Apply for

ENERGYSTAR

Energy

Intensity(kBtu/SF)

Source

EnergyIntensity

Union Avenue School 48,369 82 Yes 70.2 121.2

William H Ross III School 79,487 47 NA 68.0 155.0

Eugene A. Tighe School 87,718 41 NA 81.1 165.2

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Historic Energy Consumption (continued)Historic Energy Consumption (continued)

Portfolio Manager Sign - In

An account has been created for Margate City Board of Education in PortfolioManager. You will have received an email to notify you of the generation of thisaccount and shared access with Dome-Tech. Please use this to read your facilityinformation. Please feel free to alter this information when the report is finalized. Wewould ask that you leave the sign-in information alone until then. Your school’sinformation is currently shared as read only.

When the report is finalized the shared access will be changed so that you can use /edit the information and change as you wish.

Website link to sign-in:https://www.energystar.gov/istar/pmpam/index.cfm?fuseaction=login.Login

Username: MargateCityBOE

Password: DTMargateCityBOE

Email for account: [email protected]

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Facility DescriptionFacility Description –– Union AvenueUnion Avenue

Building Name:Building Name: Union Avenue SchoolUnion Avenue School

Address: 9001 Winchester Avenue

Margate NJ 08402

Gross Floor Area: 48,369 s.f.

Year Built: 1972

Grades: Pre-K - 2

# Students/ # Staff: 39 /179

Construction Features:Construction Features:

Facade: Brick, concrete masonry unit block

Roof Type: Flat, brown, in good condition

Windows: Covering 50% of façade, approx. 5-10 years old, metal frame,

operable, double pane, with blinds, in good condition

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Major Mechanical SystemsMajor Mechanical Systems All buildings are controlled by a Siemens Apogee central building management system Air Handlers / AC Systems / Ventilation Systems

Thirty-four (34) Unit VentilatorsChilled waterSteam and Hot Water

Three (3) Electric Unit Radiators

Three (3) Fan Coil Units (FCUs) (VAV for front offices)

Chilled Water CoilHot Water Coil

Three (3) Split Air Conditioning Units (ACs)DX Cooling

Three (3) Packaged DX Roof Top Units (RTUs)Indirect Natural Gas HeatDX Stage Cooling

One (1) Make-up Air Unit (MAU) One (1) Kitchen Exhaust Fan

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Major Mechanical Systems (cont.)Major Mechanical Systems (cont.) One (1) Trane Chiller – 110 ton

One (1) Marley Cooling Tower

One (1) Condenser Water Pump – 5HP, 365 gpm at 36 feet

Two (2) Chilled Water Pumps – 15 HP, 250 gpm at 106 feet

Boilers/ Heating Systems

One (1) Hot Water Pump

Two (2) Superior Boilers – 150 Bhp

(150 Bhp) Natural Gas Fired – Low Pressure Steam

One (1) Amtrol Steam Converter (Heat Exchanger)

One (1) Bock Domestic Hot Water Storage Tank – 100 gallons

Please see Appendix for detailed Equipment Inventory.

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Facility DescriptionFacility Description –– Ross SchoolRoss School

Building Name:Building Name: William H Ross III SchoolWilliam H Ross III School

Address: 101 N Haverford

Margate City, NJ 08402


Year Built: 2000

Grades: 3-5

# Students/ # Staff: 32/222


Facade: Brick, in excellent condition

Roof Type: Flat, built up roll shingle, metal deck, brown, approx. 9 yearsold, in good condition

Windows: Covering 50% of façade, metal frame, operable/fixed mixture,

double glazed, no shades, in like new condition

Exterior Doors: Metal, 10% glazing, in like new condition

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Facility DescriptionFacility Description –– Ross SchoolRoss School

Major Mechanical SystemsMajor Mechanical Systems

Air Handlers / AC Systems / Ventilation Systems

Seven (7) Fan Coil Units (FCUs)

Twenty-Five (25) Trane Air Handling Units (AHUs)

Two (2) Trane Split System Packaged DX RTU – 10 Tons

One (1) Trane Chiller – 410 Tons

Two (2) Chilled Water Pumps

One (1) Marley Cooling Tower

One (1) Aurora Condenser Water Pump – 910 gpm; 30 hp

Boilers / Heating Systems

Five Boiler

Three (3) Smith Cast Iron boiler - 125, 000 btu’s each.

9 Years old.

Two (2) Unilux Natural gas Boiler; Hot Water – 150 Bhp.

Two (2) Aurora Hot Water Pumps – 30 HP, 910 gpm at 100 feet.

One (1) Bock Domestic Hot Water Storage Tank – 100 gallons.


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Facility DescriptionFacility Description –– TigheTighe SchoolSchool

Building Name:Building Name: Eugene A. Tighe SchoolEugene A. Tighe School

Address: 7804 Amherst Avenue

Margate, NJ 08402


Year Built: 1979

Grades: 6-8

# Students/ # Staff: 32/223


Facade: Brick, in fair condition

Roof Type: Flat, built up roll shingle, brown, metal deck, in like newcondition

Windows: Covering 15% of façade, metal frame, double glazed,operable, vertical and pull down shades, approx. 10-15 yearsold, in good condition

Exterior Doors: Approximately 45, in good condition

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Facility DescriptionFacility Description –– TigheTighe SchoolSchool

Major Mechanical Systems

Air Handlers / AC Systems / Ventilation Systems.

Eleven (11) Trane Packaged DX Rooftop Units (RTUs).

Indirect Natural Gas Heat.

DX Stage Cooling.

One (1) Trane Chiller – 400 Tons using R-134a.

Two (2) Chilled Water Pumps.

One (1) Marley Cooling Tower.

One (1) Aurora Condenser Water Pump – 910 gpm; 30 hp.

Boilers / Heating Systems

Two (2) Superior 150 Bhp natural gas fired, hot water boilers

Four (4) Marathon Electric hot water pumps (2-3HP and 2-10HP)

Two (2) Bock Domestic Hot Water Storage Tank – 100 gallons each.


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Greenhouse Gas Emission ReductionGreenhouse Gas Emission Reduction

Implementation of all the ECOs will yield:

628,275 kilowatt-hours of annual avoided electric usage.

52,305 therms of annual avoided natural gas usage.

This equates to the following annual reductions:

513 tons of CO2;

-OR-

89 Cars removed from road;

-OR-

140 Acres of trees planted annually

The Energy Information Administration(EIA) estimates that power plants inthe state of Connecticut emit 0.694 lbsCO2 per kWh generated.

The Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) estimates that one car emits11,560 lbs CO2 per year.

The EPA estimates that reducingCO2 emissions by 7,333 poundsis equivalent to planting an acre oftrees.

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Notes and AssumptionsNotes and Assumptions

Project cost estimates were based upon industry accepted published cost data, rough orderof magnitude cost estimates from contractors, and regional prevailing wage rates. The costestimates presented in this report should be used to select projects for investment gradedevelopment. The cost estimates presented in this report should not be used for budgetdevelopment or acquisition requests.

The following utility prices provided were used within this study: Electricity Cost ($/kWh): $0.15 Natural Gas Cost ($/therm): $1.50

The average CO2 emission rate from power plants serving the facilities within this reportwas obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) eGRID2007 report. It isstated that power plants within the state of NJ emit 0.66 lbs of CO2 per kWh generated. The EPA estimates that burning one therm of natural gas emits 11.708 lbs CO2. The EPA estimates that one car emits 11,560 lbs CO2 per year. The EPA estimates that reducing CO2 emissions by 7,333 pounds is equivalent to planting an

acre of trees.

Avoided Costs (Like-In-Kind Replacement) are used for capital improvement projects thatare not warranted solely based on energy savings. Therefore, avoided costs are thereplacement costs for like (capacity, efficiency, etc.) equipment; it is assumed that theexisting equipment will be replaced at the end of its useful life. The net implementation costis the difference between a premium efficiency model/configuration and like-in-kindreplacement.

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Energy Conservation MeasureEnergy Conservation MeasureECM #1: Optimize Time of Day SchedulesECM #1: Optimize Time of Day Schedules

Although the school is only occupied from 7:00 am to 5:00 pm, the Building ManagementSystem (BMS) currently has the HVAC systems operating from 6:00 am to 11:00 pm

Optimizing the schedules to better reflect actual building occupancy will reduce heatingand cooling costs.

Dome-Tech recommends programming different space temperature setpoints forunoccupied hours or even eliminating the use of the HVAC equipment for particular zones.

TOTAL

UNION

AVENUE

WILLIAM H

ROSS

EUGENE A

TIGHE

Estimated Annual Energy Cost Sav ings: $87,000 $15,890 $22,610 $48,500

Estimated Gross Implementation Costs: $12,000 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000

Potential Rebate/Incentive: $0 $0 $0 $0

Net Estimated Implemtation Costs: $12,000 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000

Simple Payback (yrs) (with & w/o rebate): 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1

Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons): 261 47 68 146

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ECM #2: Media Center AC Setpoint OptimizationECM #2: Media Center AC Setpoint Optimization

The Tighe media center server room has a zonetemperature setpoint of 72 ºF. The space iscondition by a 36,000 btu/h split air conditioning unit.

A typical server room setpoint is 78 ºF instead of thecurrent setpoint of 72 ºF, and that is completely safefor the equipment operation.

Dome-Tech recommends setting the space setpointto 78 ºF, which will decrease the cooling load on thesplit unit and generate savings.

TIGHE

0Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons):

$0NJ Smart Start Rebate:

$100Net Estimated Implementation Cost:

0.6Simple Payback (years):

$100Gross Estimated Implementation Cost:

$150Estimated Annual Energy Savings:

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ECM #3: Vending Machine Power ManagementECM #3: Vending Machine Power Management

Dome-Tech recommends installing a VendMiser vendingmachine power management device on all vendingmachines.

The device uses a passive infrared sensor to power downthe machine when the area surrounding it is vacant. Then itmonitors the room’s temperature and automatically re-powers the cooling system at one- to three-hour intervals,independent of sales, to ensure that the product stays cold.

The microcontroller will never power down the machinewhile the compressor is running, eliminating compressorshort-cycling. In addition, when the machine is powered up,the cooling cycle is allowed to finish before again powering

down (reduces compressor wear and tear).

Estimated Annual Savings: $2,920 $970 $490 $1,460

Gross Estimated Implementation Cost: $2,820 $940 $470 $1,410

Potential Rebate / Incentive: $0 $0 $0 $0

Net Estimated Implementation Costs: $2,820 $940 $470 $1,410

Simple Payback (yrs): (with & w/o rebate) 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 - 1


TOTALUNION

AVENUEWILLIAM H

ROSSEUGENE A

TIGHE

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ECM #4: Domestic Hot Water OptimizationECM #4: Domestic Hot Water Optimization

All observed domestic hot water heaters had anassociated circulation pump that circulated the hot wateraround the school. These pumps had a capacity of 1-2hp and they operated all hours of the year.

Dome-Tech recommends scheduling the circulationpumps around the occupancy of the building. Savingswill be generated by reducing the hours when thecirculation pump operates and reduce the heat loss inthe pipes during unoccupied hours.

Estimated Annual Savings: $3,130 $640 $1,220 $1,270

Gross Estimated Implementation Cost: $3,300 $1,100 $1,100 $1,100


Net Estimated Implementation Costs: $3,300 $1,100 $1,100 $1,100

Simple Payback (yrs): (with & w/o rebate) 1.1 - 1.1 1.7 - 1.7 0.9 - 0.9 0.9 - 0.9


TOTALUNION

AVENUEWILLIAM H

ROSSEUGENE A

TIGHE

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ECM #5: Excessive VentilationECM #5: Excessive Ventilation

Union, Ross, and Tighe school each have a design airflow of 27,250, 39,000, and 89,600 cfmrespectively. Each school has approximately 215 occupants. According to the facility engineer’s, theoutside air intake of the HVAC is set to 30% of the supply air flow whenever the air handling unit isoperational (6AM to 11PM).

There is an excess in ventilation because the average cfm per person is 20-35 while the currentaverage cfm is 70 (45,675 cfm/650 occupants).

Dome-Tech recommends reducing the current ventilation rate to code requirements in order toincrease energy saving. In addition, Dome-Tech recommends further reducing ventilation ratesduring the hours when the building is unoccupied by students. Savings will be realized by reducingthe ventilation load on the HVAC equipment.

When implemented with ECM#2, synergies would occur and savings may not be not cumulative.

Estimated Annual Savings: $36,900 $5,920 $9,880 $21,100




Simple Payback (yrs): (with & w/o rebate) 1.6 - 1.6 1.8 - 1.8 1.5 - 1.5 1.6 - 1.6


TOTALUNION

AVENUEWILLIAM H

ROSSEUGENE A

TIGHE

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ECM #6: WalkECM #6: Walk--In Cooler ControllersIn Cooler Controllers

The walk-in cooler evaporator fans at Ross run continuously.However, full airflow is only required 50% of the runtime.

In the most common applications (those that use single-phasepower), motors for the fans are typically shaded-pole orpermanent-split-capacitor types, both of which are very inefficient.

Inexpensive controllers are currently available that slow thesefans when full-speed operation is unnecessary.

Reducing the operating speed reduces the energy consumption ofthe fan. In addition, the motor produces less heat at slowerspeeds, which means that the compressor has less heat toremove from the refrigerated compartment.

William H Ross



$3,200Net Estimated Implementation Cost:


$3,200Gross Estimated Implementation Cost:


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ECM #7: Heating Supply Reset StrategyECM #7: Heating Supply Reset Strategy

Currently, Ross and Tighe supply 170°F hot water to the heating devices regardless ofhow cold it is outside or how cold the space is.

During partial load days when the space heating load requirements are fractional(Sept/April) compared to the dead of winter, the boiler operates to maintain a setpointthat is higher than required to satisfy the heating load.

Dome-Tech recommends programming the BMS to adjust the heating hot watertemperature or steam pressure setpoint during the days when partial loads occur. Forexample, supply 170°F when the outside air temperature (OAT) is at 0°F and 150°F whenthe OAT is 50°F. This measure will reduce the amount of heat loss in the pipes andreduce the number of times the boiler has to cycle on/off to satisfy the light loads.

Estimated Annual Savings: $1,000 $250 $250 $500




Simple Payback (yrs): (with & w/o rebate) 6.9 – 6.9 9.2 – 9.2 9.2 – 9.2 4.6 - 4.6


TOTALUNION

AVENUEWILLIAM H

ROSSEUGENE A

TIGHE

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ECM #8: Premium Efficiency MotorsECM #8: Premium Efficiency Motors

Most of the existing motors serving the pumps are standard efficiency motors. See theappendix for a detailed list of motors surveyed for this ECO. Standard efficiency motorsconsume more power than the premium efficiency motors.

Dome-Tech recommends replacing select regularly operated standard efficiency motorswith new premium efficiency motors, or when a motor starts to fail.

Typical Efficiencies for Standard & Premium Motors(1800 RPM Open Drip-Proof Motors)

Estimated Annual Savings: $2,760 $520 $1,620 $620


Potential Rebate / Incentive: $2,220 $560 $930 $730


Simple Payback (yrs): (with & w/o rebate) 9.2 - 8.4 8.5 - 9.6 7.5 - 8.1 10.8 - 12


TOTALUNION

AVENUEWILLIAM H

ROSSEUGENE A

TIGHE

Motor Size

(HP)

# of

Motors

Existing

Efficiency

Proposed

Efficiency

Rebate /

Motor

5 7 85.5% 89.5% 54$

7.5 2 85.5% 91.0% 81$

10 3 89.5% 91.7% 90$

15 4 87.5% 93.0% 104$

20 4 89.5% 93.0% 113$

30 4 89.5% 94.1% 135$

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ECM #9: Lighting UpgradeECM #9: Lighting Upgrade

Although most of the current light fixtures have higher efficiency T-8 fluorescent lampsand ballasts, improved light fixture designs will further reduce lighting energy costs byreducing the total number of lamps and fixtures while maintaining the minimum lightingoutput as per state codes.

Most of the current lights in the gymnasiums are high intensity discharge lamps, whichcan be replaced with high output, higher efficiency fluorescent fixtures that arespecifically designed for high ceiling applications. Lighting energy will be reduced bynearly 50% in applicable gymnasiums.

Many classrooms, break rooms and restrooms were observed to have lights onregardless of occupancy. Installing occupancy sensors in these areas will automaticallyturn lights on/off according to actual occupancy by sensing the presence of people in the

room. Occupancy sensors will reduce lighting energy costs by approximately 30%*.

*Source: Turner, Wayne, Energy Management Handbook, 1999.

Estimated Annual Savings: $36,760 $5,470 $9,490 $21,800


Potential Rebate / Incentive: $49,355 $12,275 $16,760 $20,320


Simple Payback (yrs): (with & w/o rebate) 9.5 - 8.2 13.3 - 15.5 10 - 11.8 6.1 - 7


TOTALUNION

AVENUEWILLIAM H

ROSSEUGENE A

TIGHE

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ECM #10: Pump Optimization (Resize)ECM #10: Pump Optimization (Resize)

The chilled water and hot water distribution pumps at Union andTighe have their discharge balancing valves throttled 50% closed.

Pump discharge balancing valves are typical throttled to provideartificial resistance in a distribution system when the pump isimproperly oversized. An oversized pump uses excessive energy todeliver the necessary flow required by the system.

Dome-Tech recommends either re-sizing the pumps to bettermatch system head and flow requirements or opening the valves100% and modulating pump speed to maintain required flow andhead. Further engineering and analysis is required for eitheroption.

The implementation costs are based on pump re-sizing andreplacement.

TOTAL UNION TIGHE$930 $390 $540

$11,440 $6,130 $5,310

$220 $130 $90

$11,220 $6,000 $5,22012 15.4 9.72 1 1Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons):

Estimated Gross Implementation Costs:

NJ Smart Start Rebate:

Net Estimated Implementation Costs:Estimated Simple Payback:

Estimated Annual Energy Cost Savings:

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ECM #11: Power Efficiency ControllerECM #11: Power Efficiency Controller

The Ross building has a 15 hp motor the serves the elevator to the board of educationoffice on the 3rd floor. The motor is a standard efficiency motor.

Power efficiency controllers (PEC) are designed to manage motor efficiency in constantspeed systems by varying the power to motor while maintaining a fixed speed. A PEC isessentially a soft start with proprietary technology (voltage/amperage control algorithms).The technology senses a lightly loaded motor’s inefficiency and reduces the power to theelectric motor while maintaining the motor at full operating speed. In numerous tests byindependent third parties, the PEC typically saves 20-40% of the electricity used bymotors in appropriate applications.

A PEC will provide energy savings by reducing the power (KW) drawn by 35% for theelevator.

William H Ross



$14,000Net Estimated Implementation Cost:


$14,000Gross Estimated Implementation Cost:


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ECM #12: High Efficiency BoilersECM #12: High Efficiency Boilers

Ross and Tighe Schools each have two (2) natural gas fire-tube hot water boilers and Union Avenuehas two (2) natural gas fired steam boilers.

The boilers are twenty-one (21) years old and are nearing the end of the equipment service life(ASHRAE states the service life of similar equipment to be 25 years).

The boiler’s age, size, type and configuration of the boilers do not lend themselves to efficientoperation. Generally, as boilers approach the end of their service life, the efficiency degrades and theboiler must consume more fuel in order to produce the same rated output. In addition, there is a directcorrelation between risk of equipment failure (tube breaks & meltdown, shell cracks, furnace surfacearea failure) and equipment age.

If the existing boilers could be replaced by high efficiency condensing boilers, savings will be realizedin two ways. In modular boiler applications, multiple smaller boilers are installed to meet the overallbuilding load. Each boiler operates independently, eliminating the “all on/all off” operation of singleburner boilers. As building load increases only those units necessary to meet the load are fired. Thisallows each unit to run at optimal efficiency. Secondly, condensing boilers recover energy from theexhaust gas thus allowing efficiencies of 90% and above.

The high first cost of a new boiler system preclude this ECM from being justified by economics alone.However, reliability issues warrant consideration of this project as part of a long-term capitalimprovement plan. Installation of a new boiler would allow boiler runtimes to be equally distributed andwould allow for reliable backup capacity should one boiler fail or require repairs.

High efficiency boilers should be considered when the existing boilers near the end of their usefulequipment lives. The cost estimate provided is for the replacement of one of the boilers as the secondexisting boiler can be used as a standby unit.

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ECM #12: High Efficiency BoilersECM #12: High Efficiency Boilers

An Existing Ross School Boiler

Proposed New High EfficiencyCondensing Hot Water Boiler

TOTAL

UNION

AVENUE

WILLIAM H

ROSS

EUGENE A

TIGHE

$22,630 $1,840 $8,090 $12,700

$781,300 $125,700 $327,800 $327,800

$4,375 $875 $1,750 $1,750

$265,500 $53,100 $106,200 $106,200

$776,925 $71,725 $219,850 $219,850

34 39.0 27.2 17.3

2 7 32 50

Net Estimated Implementation Costs:

Estimated Simple Payback:

Annual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons):

Estimated Annual Energy Cost Savings:

Estimated Gross Implementation Costs:

NJ Smart Start Rebate:

Avoided Costs: (Like in Kind Replacement)

Like-In-Kind Replacement Costs (Avoided Costs) are used for capital improvement projects that are not warranted solely based on energy savings.Therefore, avoided costs are the replacement costs for like (capacity, efficiency, etc.) equipment; it is assumed that the existing equipment will bereplaced at the end of its useful life. The net implementation cost is the difference between a premium efficiency model/configuration and like-in-kindreplacement.

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ECM # 13: Creation of an Energy AwarenessECM # 13: Creation of an Energy Awareness& Education Program& Education Program

Most of the Margate City Board of Education schools currently have no formal observedprogram in place.

Educational institutions are where our nation’s youth spend a significant portion of theirtime. As such, educators can have a potentially large impact on promoting an energyconscious and conservation-minded society that starts at their school, leading to energycost reductions, environmental benefits, and national energy independence.

In addition, schools can receive recognition for their efforts and possible media coverage,which can contribute to enhanced school spirit, and individual feelings of accomplishmentand connection.

VariesAnnual Avoided CO2 Emissions (tons):

$1500Net Estimated Implementation Costs:

NoneExpected Rebate / Energy Efficiency Credit:

$1500 eachGross Estimated Implementation Cost:

VariesSimple Payback (yrs): (with and w/o rebate)

VariesCost per Ton CO2 Reduction ($/ton):

2-3%*Estimated Annual Savings:

* Estimated Annual Savings are based on the robustness of the program implemented, maintenance, and annual energy costs.

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Renewable/Distributed Energy MeasuresRenewable/Distributed Energy Measures

Distributed Generation & Renewable Energy

Distributed Generation (on-site generation) generates electricity from many small energysources. These sources can be renewable (solar/wind/geothermal) or can be smallscale power generation technologies (CHP, fuel cells, microturbines)

Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources (sunlight, wind, andunderground geothermal heat) which are naturally replenished

Photovoltaics (solar) are particularly popular in Germany and Spain and growing inpopularity in the U.S. All three schools for Margate currently have PV generatingtechnology installed on the roofs of the school.

Wind power is growing as well, mostly in Europe and the U.S.

Geothermal applications are used widely in western U.S. (most prominent in theYellowstone basin and in northern California)

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Renewable Energy Technologies: WindRenewable Energy Technologies: Wind

Wind turbines generate electricity by harnessing a wind stream's kinetic energy as it spins the turbine airfoils. As with most renewable energy sources, windenergy is subject to intermittent performance due to the unpredictability of wind resources.

Margate Wind SpeedAs previously stated, wind speed is critical to the successful wind turbine installation. According to average wind data from NASA’s Surface Meteorology andSolar Energy records, the average annual wind speed for the Margate area is 4.9 meters per second. Ideal wind speeds for a successful project shouldaverage over 6 meters per second.

For the Margate schools, Dome-Tech considered three (3) types of wind turbine technologies; building integrated wind turbines (1 kW each) and traditionalground mounted wind turbines (5 kW & 50 kW).

Building Integrated Wind TurbinesModel: AeroVironment AVX1000Height: 8.5’Rotor Diameter: 6’Weight: 130 lbs.Cut-In Wind Speed: 2.2 m/sMaximum Generating Capacity: 1 kW

5 kW Ground MountModel: WES5 TulipoHeight: 40’Rotor Diameter: 16’Weight: 1,900 lbs.Cut-In Wind Speed: 3.0 m/sMaximum Generating Capacity: 5.2 kW

50 kW Ground MountModel: Entegrity EW50Height: 102’Rotor Diameter: 50’Weight: 21,000 lbs.Cut-In Wind Speed: 4.0 m/sMaximum Generating Capacity: 50 kW

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Renewable Energy Technologies: WindRenewable Energy Technologies: Wind

Wind Turbine Pros & Cons

Payback period issignificant (over 10years).

Average area windspeed is not ideal andimpacts performance.

Prone to lighting strikes.

Bird collisions are likely,but may be reduced withavian guard (buildingintegrate only).

Zoning may be anissue. Check with localzoning regulations.

Wind turbines do createnoise, although below 50dB (a typical car ride isover 80 dB).

Annual reduction inenergy spend and usecan be potentiallyreduced by almost$14,000 (10% reduction).

Typical equipment lifespan is 15-30 years.

Reduction of annualgreenhouse gasemissions by 4-28 tonsper year.

A wind turbine projectcould be incorporated intoscience and othercurriculums to raisestudent awareness ofenergy alternatives.

High visible “green”project.

ConsPros

The project economics and wind turbine pros and cons are presented in the following tables:

Due to attractive payback and high potential for energy reduction, the 50 kilowatt ground mounted windturbine project appears to be the most attractive option. Should the Margate City BOE decide to pursuea wind turbine project, Dome-Tech recommends commissioning a more detailed study.

15.2%3.0%1.5%% of Annual Electric Use*

48105Annual CO2 Emmisions,Therms

137,781kWh

27,157kWh

13,486kWhAnnual Avoided Energy Use

50 kW21 kW20 kWSystem Capacity

6.7 yrs.16.7 yrs.26.9 yrs.Simple Payback

$20,667$4,074$2,023Annual Energy Savings

$137,910$68,021$54,344Net Installation CostEstimate

$112,090$56,779$43,156NJJ SSB Rebate

$250,000$124,800$97,500Gross Installation CostEstimate

GroundMount 50

kW

GroundMount 5

kW

BuildingIntegrated

Wind TurbineEconomics

Page 35


Renewable Energy Technologies: CHP/CogenerationRenewable Energy Technologies: CHP/Cogeneration

CHP (combined heat and power) or cogeneration is the use of a heat engine tosimultaneously generate both electricity and useful heat.

Fuel Cells are electrochemical conversion devices that operate by catalysis, separationthe protons and the electrons of the reactant fuel, and forcing the electrons to travelthrough a circuit to produce electricity. The catalyst is typically a platinum group metal oralloy. Another catalytic process takes the electrons back in, combining them with theprotons and oxidant, producing waste products (usually water and carbon dioxide).

Microturbines are rotary engines that extract energy from a flow of combustion gas.They can be used with absorption chillers to provide cooling through waste heat ratherthan electricity. Microturbines are best suited for facilities with year-round thermal and/orcooling loads.

These technologies are not recommended for Margate Schools due to the lack of wasteheat applications available in the summertime.

Page 36


Utility Tariff and Rate Review: ElectricityUtility Tariff and Rate Review: Electricity

Accounts and Rate Class: The District’s three schools are served by fourelectric accounts behind Atlantic City Electric (ACE) under rate classes AnnualGeneral Service (AGS).

Electric Consumption and Cost: Based on the one-year period studied, thetotal annual electric expenditure for the District is about $323,000 and the totalannual consumption is about 2,062,000 kilowatt-hours (kWh).

Average/Effective Rate per kWh: For the one year period studied, theTownship’s average monthly cost per kilowatt-hour ranged from 9.78 ¢/kWh to18.43 ¢/kWh, inclusive of utility delivery charges. The Township’s overall,average cost per kilowatt-hour during this period was 15.00 ¢/kWh.

o Note that these average electric rates are “all–inclusive”; that is, they includeall supply service (generation and commodity-related) charges, as well as alldelivery service charges. The supply service charges typically represent themajority (60-80%) of the total monthly bill. It is the supply portion of your billthat is deregulated, which is discussed on subsequent slides in this section.

Page 37


Utility Tariff and Rate Review:Utility Tariff and Rate Review: Natural GasNatural Gas

Accounts and Rate Class: The District’s three schools are served by three natural gasaccounts behind South Jersey Gas Company under rate classes Basic Gas SupplyService-General Service (BGSS-GSG).

Natural Gas Consumption and Cost: Based on the one-year period studied, the totalannual natural gas expenditure for the District is about $137,000 and the total annualconsumption is about 92,000 therms (th). Natural gas is used predominantly throughoutthe winter period for heating purposes.

o Retail Energy Supplier: For the one-year period studied, the District was supplied withnatural gas from Pepco Energy at a fixed rate of $1.50 per therm.

Average/Effective Rate per Therm: For the one year period studied, the District’saverage cost per therm ranged from $1.43 to $1.56 per therm, inclusive of utility deliverycharges. The District’s overall, average cost per therm during this period was $1.50 pertherm.

o Note that these average natural gas rates are “all–inclusive”; that is, they include all supply service(interstate transportation and commodity-related) charges, as well as all delivery service charges.The supply service charges typically represent the majority (60-80%) of the total monthly bill. It isthe supply portion of your bill that is deregulated, which is discussed on subsequent slides in thissection.

Page 38


Utility Deregulation in New Jersey:Utility Deregulation in New Jersey:Background and Retail Energy PurchasingBackground and Retail Energy Purchasing

In August 2003, per the Electric Discount and Energy Competition Act [N.J.S.A 48:3-49],the State of New Jersey deregulated its electric marketplace thus making it possible forcustomers to shop for a third-party (someone other than the utility) supplier of retailelectricity.

Per this process, every single electric account for every customer in New Jersey wasplaced into one of two categories: BGS-FP or BGS-CIEP. BGS-FP stands for BasicGeneration Service-Fixed Price; BGS-CIEP stands for Basic Generation Service-Commercial and Industrial Energy Pricing.

At its first pass, this categorization of accounts was based on rate class. The largestelectric accounts in the State (those served under a Primary or a Transmission-level rateclass) were moved into BGS-CIEP pricing. All other accounts (the vast majority ofaccounts in the State of New Jersey, including residential) were placed in the BGS-FPcategory, receiving default electric supply service from the utility.

The New Jersey Board of Public Utilities (NJBPU) has continued to move new large energyusers from the BGS-FP category into the BGS-CIEP category by lowering the demand(kW) threshold for electric accounts receiving Secondary service. Several years ago, thisthreshold started at 1,500kW; now, it has come down to 1,000 kW. So, if an account’s“peak load share” (as assigned by the utility) is less than 1,000 kW, then thatfacility/account is in the BGS-FP category. If you are unsure, you may contact Dome-techfor assistance.

Page 39


Utility Deregulation in New Jersey:Utility Deregulation in New Jersey:Background and Retail Energy Purchasing (cont.)Background and Retail Energy Purchasing (cont.)

There are at least 3 important differentiating factors to note about each rate category:1. The rate structure for BGS-FP accounts and for BGS-CIEP accounts varies.

2. The “do-nothing” option (ie, what happens when you don’t shop for retail energy) varies.

3. The decision about whether, and why, to shop for a retail provider varies.

Secondary (small to medium) Electric Accounts:

o BGS-FP rate schedules for all utilities are set, and re-set, each year. Per the results of our State’s BGSAuction process, held each February, new utility default rates go into effect every year on June 1st. TheBGS-FP rates become each customer’s default rates, and they dictate a customer’s “Price to Compare”(benchmark) for shopping purposes. To learn more about the BGS Auction process, please go to www.bgs-auction.com.

o A customer’s decision about whether to buy energy from a retail energy supplier is, therefore, dependentupon whether a supplier can offer rates that are lower than the utility’s (default) Price to Compare. In 2009,and for the first time in several years, many BGS-FP customers have “switched” from the utility to a retailenergy supplier because there have been savings.

Primary (large) Electric Accounts:

o The BGS-CIEP category is quite different. There are two main features to note about BGS-CIEP accountsthat do not switch to a retail supplier for service. The first is that they pay an hourly market rate for energy;the second is that these accounts also pay a “retail margin adder” of $0.0053/kWh. For these largeaccounts, this retail adder can amount to tens of thousands of dollars. The adder is eliminated when acustomer switches to a retail supplier for service.

o For BGS-CIEP accounts, the retail adder makes a customer’s decision about whether to switch relativelysimple. However, the process of setting forth a buying strategy can be complex, which is why many publicentities seek professional assistance when shopping for energy.

o For more information concerning hourly electric market prices for our region, please refer to www.pjm.com.

Page 40


Utility Deregulation in New Jersey:Utility Deregulation in New Jersey:Background and Retail Energy Purchasing (cont.)Background and Retail Energy Purchasing (cont.)

Natural Gas Accounts:

o The natural gas market in New Jersey is also deregulated. Unlike the electric market, there areno “penalties”, or “adders”, for not shopping for natural gas. Most customers that remain withthe utility for natural gas service pay rates that are market-based and that fluctuate on amonthly basis. While natural gas is a commodity that is exceptionally volatile and that is tradedminute-by-minute during open trading sessions, market rates are “settled” each month, 3business days prior to the subsequent month (this is called the “prompt month”). Customersthat do not shop for a natural gas supplier will typically pay this monthly settlement rate to theutility, plus other costs that are necessary to bring gas from Louisiana up to New Jersey andultimately to your facility.

o For additional information about natural gas trading and current market futures rates for variouscommodities, you can refer to www.nymex.com.

o A customer’s decision about whether to buy natural gas from a retail supplier is typicallydependent upon whether a customer seeks budget certainty and/or longer-term rate stability.Customers can secure longer-term fixed prices by enlisting a retail natural gas supplier. Manylarger natural gas customers also seek the assistance of a professional consultant to assist intheir procurement process.

Page 41


Retail Energy Purchasing:Retail Energy Purchasing:Recommendations and ResourcesRecommendations and Resources

Electric

o Based on current and recent market conditions, and actual bid processes run by Dome-Tech for various clientsduring the summer of 2009, we have seen customers with BGS-FP accounts save approximately 10-20% inprojected energy costs by switching to retail energy supplier. If the District were able to secure this type ofagreement, this would represent an annual savings of approximately $123,000 - $246,000. It is important to notethat actual rates and potential savings will be dependent on several factors, including market conditions, accountusage characteristics/load profile (load factor), volume, and contract term.

Natural Gas

o Based on current and recent market conditions, and actual bid processes run by Dome-Tech for various clientsduring the summer of 2009, we have seen many customers entering into longer-term contracts for fixed natural gasrates. These rates vary substantially based on load type, volume, and term.

o The District is currently supplied natural gas from Pepco under a third-party retail energy contract.

Energy Purchasing Co-Operatives Many public entities participate in various energy aggregation buying groups. Sometimes, an entity will have

multiple options to choose from. These might include purchasing through a County co-operative, or purchasingthrough a trade-type association (for instance, many schools participate in NJASBO’s ACES program). Co-operative purchasing may not necessarily get you the lowest rates; however, there is often substantial volume, andit can represent a good alternative for entities with limited energy consumption who can have a difficult time gettingenergy suppliers to respond to them on a direct, singular basis.

To determine whether a savings opportunity currently exists for your entity, or for guidance on how to getstarted, you may contact Dome-Tech to discuss. There is also additional information provided below.

Page 42


Retail Energy Purchasing:Retail Energy Purchasing:Recommendations and Resources (cont.)Recommendations and Resources (cont.)

To learn more about energy deregulation, visit the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities website:www.bpu.state.nj.us

For more information about the retail energy supply companies that are licensed and registeredto serve customers in New Jersey, visit the following website for more information:http://www.bpu.state.nj.us/bpu/commercial/shopping.html

Provided below is a list of NJ BPU-licensed retail energy suppliers:

Company Electricity Natural Gas Website

Pepco X X www.pepcoenergy.com

Hess X X www.hess.com

Sprague X X www.spragueenergy.com

UGI X X www.gasmark.com

South Jersey Energy X X www.sjindutries.com

Direct X X www.directenergy.com

Global X X www.globalp.com

Liberty X www.libertypowercorp.com

ConEd Solutions X www.conedsolutions.com

Constellation X www.constellation.com

Glacial X www.glacialenergy.com

Integrys X www.intergryenergy.com

Suez X www.suezenergyna.com

Sempra X www.semprasolutions.com

Woodruff X www.woodruffenergy.com

Mx Energy X www.mxenergy.com

Hudson X www.hudsonenergy.net

Great Eastern X www.greateasterngas.com

*Note: Not every Supplier serves customers in all utility territories within New Jersey

Page 43


Historical Energy Futures Settlement PricesHistorical Energy Futures Settlement Prices

Below please find graphs that show the last several years’ worth of market settlement prices for bothnatural gas and electricity. Each of these graphs shows the average closing prices of a rolling 12-month period of energy futures prices. The graphs are representative of the commodity, alone; theydo not include any of the additional components (capacity, transmission, ancillary services, etc.) thatcomprise a retail energy price. They are meant to provide an indication of the level of pricing that aparticular customer might expect to see, but the graphs do not account for the specific load profile ofany individual energy user.

Henry Hub 12 month stripHenry Hub 12 month strip PJM West 12 month stripPJM West 12 month strip

3.82

4.47

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10.09

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Trade Date

$/M

MB

tu

3.90

49.5050.10

56.46

102.02

74.2384.08

70.53

62.06

52.10

48.82

0

20

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$/M

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Page 44


Operations & MaintenanceOperations & Maintenance

Issue: The Union facility has approximately 32 unitventilators. The filters are pass their service lifespan and theyare excessively loaded with dust particles.

Impact: Excessively loaded filters tend to increase the

differential pressure across the filter bank, therefore, reducingthe amount of discharge air to condition the space andincreasing fan energy consumption. Bypassed dirt can clogand reduce heat transfer over clean cooling and heating coils.

Recommendation: Dome-Tech recommends replacing thefilters to reduce energy consumption and improve indoor airquality.

Issue: Corrosion of RTU condenser fins due to proximity to salt water.

Impact: Reduction in condenser heat rejection efficiency.

Recommendation: Clean new condenser fins once per month to prolong life.Existing fins are now to fragile, due to corrosion, to be able to clean.

Page 45


Potential Project Funding Sources

Through the NJ Clean Energy program, the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities currently offersa variety of subsidies or rebates for many of the project types outlined in this report. Moredetailed information can be found at: www.njcleanenergy.com

NJ Smart Start Buildings – Equipment Rebates noted in ECMs where available.Equipment Rebates - Water Heaters, Lighting, Lighting Controls/Sensors, Chillers, Boilers, Heat pumps, Air conditioners,

Energy Mgmt. Systems/Building Controls, Motors, Motor-ASDs/VSDs, Custom/Others

http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/nj-smartstart-buildings

Renewable funding for PV & wind, plus federal credits currently available:http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/programs/renewable-energy-incentive-program/applications-and-e-forms-renewable-ener

Clean Energy Solutions Capital Investment Loan/GrantThe EDA offers up to $5 million in interest-free loans and grants to promote the concept of "going green" in New Jersey. Underthis program, scoring criteria based on the project's environmental and economic development impact determines thepercentage split of loan and grant awarded. Funding can be used to purchase fixed assets, including real estate and equipment,for an end-use energy efficiency project, combined heat and power (CHP or cogen) production facility, or new state-of-the-art

efficient electric generation facility, including Class I and Class II renewable Energy.

http://www.njeda.com/web/Aspx_pg/Templates/Npic_Text.aspx?Doc_Id=1078&menuid=1360&topid=722&levelid=6&midid=1357

Clean Renewable Energy Bonds (CREBs) – For Renewable Energy ProjectsFederal Loan Program for Solar Thermal Electric, Photovoltaics, Landfill Gas, Wind, Biomass, Hydroelectric, GeothermalElectric, Municipal Solid Waste, Hydrokinetic Power, Anaerobic Digestion, Tidal Energy, Wave Energy, Ocean Thermal

http://www.irs.gov/irb/2007-14_IRB/ar17.html

Page 46


Next StepsNext Steps

The following projects should be considered for implementation:

Time of Day Optimization – All Schools

Install Domestic Hot Water Heater Timers – All Schools

Adjust Ventilation Controls – All Schools

Lighting upgrades – All Schools

Vending machine power management – All Schools

Start Energy Awareness Program – All Schools

Energy Procurement (Electricity & Gas) - All Schools

Retro-Commissioning Opportunities - All Schools

Note that additional “Phase 2” engineering may be required to further develop these projects, to

bring them to bidding and implementation.

Page 47

Documents

Energy Audit - Amazon S3Report...Margate City Board of Education, NJ Energy Audit Report, October 2009 Notes and Assumptions Project cost estimates were based upon industry accepted