Energie braucht Impulse

EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG Grid, Renewable Integration & Storage

2nd Annual Smart Metering, ICT and Data Management

Berlin, 9th-10th April, 2015EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG, Research and DevelopmentHellmuth Frey

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Brief portraitEnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG

› Third-largest energy company in Germany

›Business segments: electricity generation and trading, electricity grid and sales, gas, energy and environmental services

›Annual revenue 2014: in excess of € 21 billion

›Customers: some 5 million

› employees: around 20,000

Aims of the Federal Government for 2050

› Energy consumption: –50 %› CO2-Emissions: –80… 95 %› RES-Generation: 80 %

› Renewable Generation as a base for future power supply

› Grid and storage expansion › 2,1 % per year increase of energy

efficiency› Energetic building restoration and

energy efficient buildings as one important solution

› After Fukushima: Complete nuclear energy phase–out until 2022

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Electricity system in a challenging environment

Energy trading/ Liquidity of markets

Increasing transit

Conventional power plants

Renewable energy

Electric/Hybrid vehicles

Distributed generation, Virtual power plants

Heat pumps,CHP

Storage technology

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Development of renewable feed-in in Germany

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New paradigms in running energy systems

› Yesterday: Consumption is always larger than renewables

› Soon: More renewable power generation than consumption at the same time

Power

t = 24 h

2010 Power

t = 24 h

20XX

Conventional Power plants

Renewable Energy

Consumption

Renewable Energy

Consumption

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What can be done to integrate more renewables?

›Network expansion

› Increase electrical storage

›Large storage devices (utilities, grid operation)

›Small storage devices (industry, commercial users …)

›Smart energy world

›Alternative concepts: H2, Power2Gas

Source: dena2-Studie

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Plenty of storage technologies available

Sources: FfE, ESA

Power generation and

distribution

Clients

Competitive costs for storage remain a challenge

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For comparison:

› Grid costs for private customers: 0.06 €/kWh

› New transport grid: 300 €/kW (dena II, distance 1000 km) Competitive costs for long-term storage are the biggest challenge!

Example pumped hydro storage plant

›Planned project by EnBW

›New upper and lower station with enlargement of existing lower water in Forbach as underground cavern storage

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Example Pump Storage Plant

›Possible construction model Seekopf

›Cycle energy efficiency 70-80%, ca. 9 h

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Murgwerk reconstructed 16 MW3 Francis turbines

Schwarzenbach

Kirschbaumwasen

Existing tale water reservoir Forbach+ water cavern storage

(0,204 + 0,371= 0,575 hm³)

Niederdruckwerk 2 bulb turbines 2,5 MW Murg

145 m

364 m

Lower station new

70 MW

1 pump turbine

New head water Seekopf

320 mUpper station new

200 MW1 pump turbine

power transmission: existing110 kV-line along Murg valley

9 hm³

0,325 hm³

0,575 hm³

Murg

1,8 hm³

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The energy market will fundamentally change in the future

› energy consumption regulates generation

› regulation with a few big units

Yesterday Tomorrow

› (renewable) generation regulates consumption

› regulation with many power plants/storages

› activating of flexibility in energy consumption

consumption generation generation consumption

Leistungsausgleich via tariff stimulationfor all participants

defines defines

Leistungsregelung via central generation and storage

coalNPP gasWassercoalNPP gasWasser

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Companies

EnBW IT

PV

Smart metering

μCHP,heat

storage

Internetportal

Home appliance

s

EV

MeRegio-concept

› All energy services (both technically and commercially)

› Trading platform for energy products, system services and value-added services

› Increase energy efficiency and more local renewables by direct interaction of energy users and local generators via trading platform

Project Minimum Emission Regions (MeRegio)1000 test installations in Baden-Württemberg

t [h]

0 2412 186

price levelSNT

NT

HT

Normal power (25 ct/kWh) Saving power (20 ct/kWh)SuperSavingPower (15 ct/kWh)

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Course of action intelligent grid preliminary conclusion

›Variable energy tariffs influence energy use by private customers, even in case of manual regulation by clients

›Up to now maximum load influence at least 10 % during total time period

›With an average load of about 500 W per household and with 1,000 clients about 50 kW controllable load influencing for grid or energy logistic goals could be gainable

›Extrapolated to all households in Germany this leads to a magnitude, which comprises 50 % of the regulation market today

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› Products/Tariffs› New tariffs for private recharging

› Load levelling products to stabilize the grid

› New products for operation in isolated network

› Technical Options

› Public charging infrastructure

› Battery products

› Battery exchange systems

› H2

Commercial Options

› Operator

› Financial investor

› Car-Sharing etc.

Smart grids and technologies result in new products

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Alternative concepts: H2 - Power2Gas

› In the gas grid there is plenty of storage available („100 days storage“):

› Pumped hydro capacity in electricity grid: 0.04 TWh (Source: BMU, 2011)

› Gas storage capacity: 220 TWh (Source: BMU, 2011)

› Gas storage capacity is large enough to store total wind energy generation in 2008 eight times!

› Uses existing gas infrastructure

› Production of

› Hydrogen

› Methane

Source: http://www.powertogas.info

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H2 - production from „surplus“ renewable electricity

› Electricity + water -> H2 (1 kWh power -> 0,7 kWh H2)

› Feeding in H2 into the gas grid: up to 5% currently permissible

› Local storage for stationary application (electricity, heat, CHP)

› Methane production:H2 and CO2 -> Methane (CH4)

› Producing of H2 for transportation (to replace fossil fuels)

› Technologies well known, the challenges are …

› Competitive electrolyser costs using intermittent renewables and few full load hours

Power to gas Methanation research, demonstration projects

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Evaluation of technical concepts and interdependencies with the energy market

Challenges:• Overall system efficiency• Dynamic operation (different processes)• Costs

ElectrolyserH2 pipeH2 pipe H2 storage tank

CO2 pipe

Renewables feed in-point

Private customer

Heating stationGas pipe

Methanation: CH4 from H2 and CO2

Gas-fired power plant

Fluctuating renewables

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H2 for traffic applications

›15 Mio t H2 are necessary to replace fossil fuels

›at least 200,000 MW Wind Off-Shore additionally

›Precondition

›Hydrogen powered power train must be competitive

›New Hydrogen filling station infrastructure needs to be developed

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Heat storage to buffer the electricity grid?Hybridisation of the heat supply system

› No additional infrastructure necessary!

› Technical capability for long-term storage

› Evolutionary decarbonisation of the heat market by renewable electricity

› Efficient and technically simple alternative for H2- production

› Stored energy = avoided gas consumption

Renewable integration and storage lead to a transformation of the energy system

Regulatory frame-work

Partici-pation

Infra-structure

Politics Industry

Customer

› A successful transformation of the energy system is highly dependent upon the interaction of three factors

› Besides the politics and the industry also the customer has an active role in a future energy system.

› All participants must be connected.

› There are more research and innovation activities necessary.

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Elements of the smart energy future in Germany

› A large share of intermittent renewable electricity production and battery electric vehicles need changes in the stationary energy system

› The grid needs to be improved on all voltage levels

› „Smart Grid“-systems are the basis for more energy efficiency and new products, i.e., electromobility

› Storage is an option

› For the energy market pumped hydro storage is most competitive in terms of capacity and costs

› Battery systems for private customers will become more attractive due to increasing retail prices and contributions to the grid management

› H2 as storage for the stationary system (gas, electricity) may be a technical option even though uneconomical today

› Surplus renewables for heating is very effective and helpful to decarbonise economy

› Integrating electric vehicles and large shares of renewable energy is economically more challenging than technically:

› New business/market models are desperately needed!

Thank you very much for your attention…

Dipl.-Ing. Hellmuth Frey

EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG

Research and DevelopmentDurlacher Allee 9376131 Karlsruhe, Germanyh.frey@enbw.comwww.enbw.com