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Endocrine vs. Nervous System. Function?. Coordinate body functions (Both) Often work together. Method?. Use chemical messengers Nervous system: neurotransmitters Endocrine: hormones. Hormones- 2 classes. 1. Amino-Acid-derived Hormones Water-soluble 2. Steroid Hormones Hydrophobic. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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ENDOCRINE VS. NERVOUS SYSTEM
Function?
Coordinate body functions (Both)
Often work together
Method?
Use chemical messengers Nervous system: neurotransmitters
Endocrine: hormones
Hormones- 2 classes
1. Amino-Acid-derived Hormones Water-soluble
2. Steroid Hormones Hydrophobic
Cell Signaling follows 3 Steps
1. Reception A signal binds to a receptor on the receiving
cell
2. Transduction The receptor binding causes a change
(sometimes a series of changes) on the inside of the cell.
3. Response This will result some sort of response by the
receiving cell. Passing on a signal, releasing a protein, begin transcription, etc.
AA vs. Steroid Hormones
Target?
Both deal with receptor specificity! Nervous: Other adjacent neurons,
effectors (glands, muscles) Specific! Very local target, w/ specific NT
receptors Endocrine: Cells throughout the body
Global release of message, but specific response
Like a radio broadcast, it requires a receiver (receptor) to get the message
Speed?
Nervous: Fast! (meters per second)
Endocrine: Slow(er), more prolonged May affect same cell, adjacent cell, cell on other side of body
Example: simple endocrine pathway & negative feedback
Example: simple neurohormone pathway & positive feedback
Nervous & Endocrine systems linked
Hypothalamus = “master nerve control center” nervous system receives information from nerves around body
about internal conditions releasing hormones: regulates release of
hormones from pituitary Pituitary gland = “master gland”
endocrine system secretes broad range
of “tropic” hormones regulating other glands in body
hypothalamus
pituitary
posterior
anterior
Thyroid gland
hypothalamus
anteriorpituitary
gonadotropic hormones:follicle-stimulatinghormone (FSH) & luteinizing hormone (LH)
Mammaryglandsin mammals
Musclesof uterus
Kidneytubules
posteriorpituitary
thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)
antidiuretic hormone(ADH)
Adrenalcortex
Boneand muscle
Testes Ovaries
Melanocytein amphibian
adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH) melanocyte-stim
ulating hormone
(MSH)
oxytocinprolactin
(PRL)
grow
th h
orm
one
(GH)
tropic hormones = target endocrine glands
Regulation of Blood Calcium
blood calcium level(10 mg/100mL)
calcitonin
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Ca++ uptakein intestines
high
low
kidney reabsorption of Ca++
bones release Ca++
kidney reabsorption of Ca++
Ca++ depositedin bones
activated Vitamin D
thyroid
parathyroid
liver
pancreas
liver
Regulation of Blood Sugar
blood sugar level(90mg/100ml)
insulin
body cells takeup sugar from blood
liver storesglycogen
reducesappetite
glucagon
pancreas
liver releasesglucose
triggershunger
high
low
beta cells
alpha cells
Pathways with Friends