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PRACTICALS BASIS
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Endocrine System Embryo & Histology
A Reviewer for MicroAnatomy Practicals
Dorsal Pancreas Anlage: Endoderm Fate: Pancreas (head part) Secretion: (islets of langerhans) A cells - glucagon B cells - insulin D cells - somatostatin G cells - gastrin F cells – pancreatic polypeptide
Rathke’s pouch
Germ Layer: Ectoderm Anlage: Stomodeum Fate: Anterior Pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
Ultimobrachial body
Germ layer: Endoderm Fate: parafollicular cells Secretion: calcitonin
Thyroid gland
Germ layer: Endoderm Anlage: primordial thyroid gland Fate: Thyroid gland Secretion: Thyroid hormones (T3&T4)
Undifferentiated Gonad
Male: Germ layer: Mesoderm Fate: Testis *leydig cells - testosterone
Female: Germ layer: Mesoderm Fate: Ovaries *theca interna – estrogen *granulosa cells - progesterone
Pancreas: Islets of Langerhans
Organ: Pancreas Secretion: (islets of langerhans) A cells - glucagon B cells - insulin D cells - somatostatin G cells - gastrin F cells – pancreatic polypeptide
Adrenal gland
Layer: Zona fasciculata Secretion: glucocorticoids (corticosterone, cortisone, cortisol)
Layer: Zona glomerulosa Secretion: mineralocorticoid (aldosterone)
Parenchema: Chromaffin cells
Zona reticularis Secretion: Androgen (sex hormones)
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal medulla
Adrenal Gland
• Parenchema: Chromaffin cells
• Secretion: Norepinephrine & Epinephrine
Adrenal medulla
Medullary veins
Pineal gland
Brain sands or acervulus (concretions of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate)
Germ layer: Ectoderm Parenchema: pinealocytes Secretion: Melatonin
Anterior pituitary gland (Pars distalis)
Anlage: Stomodeum / Rathke’s pouch Germ layer: ectoderm Secretion: FSH, LH, GH, PRL, ACTH, TSH Parenchema: Chromophils
Anterior Pituitary gland (pars tuberalis)
Anlage: Stomodeum / Rathke’s pouch Germ layer: ectoderm Secretion: none
Ant. Pituitary gland (Pars intermedia)
Anlage: Stomodeum / Rathke’s pouch Germ layer: ectoderm Secretion: POMC
Rathke’s cyct
Pars nervosa
Posterior Pituitary gland (Pars nervosa)
Anlage: Infundibulum Germ layer: ectoderm Secretion: oxytocin and ADH Parenchema: pituicytes
Placenta
Chorionic Villi
Specific structure: Syncitiotrophoblast Secretion: human chorionic gonadotrophin (Hcg)
Ovary
Specific structure: theca interna Secretion: Estrogen
Specific structure: zona granulosa cells Secretion: progesterone
Testis
Germ Layer: Mesoderm Structure: Leydig cells Secretion: testosterone
Specific structure: sertoli cells Secretion: inhibin