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Endocrine SystemEndocrine SystemEndocrine SystemEndocrine System
Control of Our Bodies Control of Our Bodies HomeostasisHomeostasis
Engage
• You will be viewing some video clips from Sideshow: Alive On The Inside. Within these clips you will see various types of endocrine disorders.
• If you are interested in viewing more endocrine system oddities, you can read the book Freak Show: Presenting Human Oddities for Amusement and Profit by Robert Bogdan.
Explore• Explore 1• Using your text and other resources,
you will familiarize yourself with the endocrine glands and their functions by completing the endocrine system worksheet.
• Explore 2• Role Play: The Rise and Fall of Glucose
regulates
ExplainSection 39-2
by meansof the
by meansof the
by meansof the
by meansof the
by meansof the
by meansof the
GrowthWater
balanceReproduction Metabolism
Calciumand glucose
levels
Responseto stress
The Endocrine System
Pituitary
Ovaries
Testes Thyroid Pancreas Adrenals
Parathyroids
Explain• List 4 types of endocrine glands
and give their function.• What is the overall function of the
endocrine system?• With what other systems does the
endocrine system interact?
Exocrine or Endocrine• Exocrine – release products
(enzymes) into ducts– Ex) Sweat, tears, digestive juices
• Endocrine – directly to bloodstream; NO DUCTS– Ex) Hormones
Endocrine System• Glands – release products to
bloodstream directly.• Horomones – products deliver
messages to body• Target cells – have specific
receptors for specific hormones
HypothalamusThe hypothalamus makes hormones that control the pituitary gland. In addition, it makes hormones that are stored in the pituitary gland.
Pituitary glandThe pituitary gland produces hormones that regulate many of the other endocrine glands.
Parathyroid glandsThese four glands release parathyroid hormone, which regulate the level of calcium in the blood.
ThymusDuring childhood, the thymus releases thymosin, which stimulates Tcell development.
Adrenal glandsThe adrenal glands release epinephrine and nonepinephrine, which help the body deal with stress.
Pineal glandThe pineal gland releases melatonin, which is involved in rhythmic activities, such as daily sleep-wake cycles.
ThyroidThe thyroid produces thyroxine, which regulates metabolism.
PancreasThe pancreas produces insulin and glucagon, which regulate the level of glucose in the blood.
OvaryThe ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen is required for the development of secondary sex characteristics and for the development of eggs. Progesterone prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg.
Testis The testes produce testosterone, which is responsible for sperm production and the development of male secondary sex characteristics
Section 39-1Endocrine Glands
Pituitary Gland• Master gland
– Controls the other endocrine glands
• Growth Hormone (GH)– Too much –
gigantism– Too little –
dwarfism• Antidiuretic (ADH)
– Stimulates kidneys to keep water
Thyroid Hormones• Thyroxine
– Regulates body energy usage
• Calcitonin– One hormones that regulates calcium
and phosphate in blood
Questions• What are the two hormones that
the thyroid secretes?• What is the function of thyroxine?• What is the function of calcitonin?
Calcium RegulationPARAthyroid Glands
• PTH-Parathyroid hormones• Increases calcium, phosphate, and
magnesium absorption in intestines.• Causes bones to release calcium and
phosphate• Causes removal of calcium and
magnesium from urine by kidneys• Increases the making of Vitamin D in
body
Negative Feedback Mechanism
• Our body uses feedback mechanism to maintain homeostasis within our body.
• Regulation of calcium is one example of this process.
• Can you think of another one? Hint: Role Play Activity
Questions• PTH cause the small intestine to
absorb more calcium, _____ and _____.
• What does PTH cause the bones to release?
• What do the kidneys do because of PTH?
Adrenal Gland Cont.• Cortex
– Produces more than 2 dozen steroid hormones
– corticosteriods
• Medulla– “fight or flight”– Epinephrine and
norepinephrine
Pancreas: Endocrine and Exocrine
• What did the pancreas do in digestion?
Secreted EnzymesPancreas also secretes hormonesEndocrine glands
- ductless organ that releases hormones DIRECTLY into the bloodstream.
Blood Glucose Level• Pancreatic Hormones regulate blood
sugar level before and after meals.• Islets; clusters of cells in pancreas
– Alphasecrete glucagon – increases sugar
– Beta secrete insulin – decreases sugar
What Happens?
• Between meals Blood glucose lowPancreas secretes
glucagonLiver changes glycogen to glucoseglucose sent to target tissues
• After a meal Blood glucose highPancreas secretes
insulinGlucose goes to the Liver(Glygogen) and goes to Target tissues
Questions• What organ regulates glucose in blood?• When we eat our blood glucose level is
high or low?• In between meals our blood glucose
level is high or low?• When our blood glucose is high the
pancreas secretes ___________.• When our blood glucose is low the
pancreas secretes ___________.• What mechanism allows our body to
control the glucose level in our body?
Diabetes• Diabetes
– High sugar levels in blood– Do not produce enough insulin to
control blood sugar– Some take insulin injections to
regulate
Reproductive Glands• Production of gametes• Secretion of sex hormones• Female – Ovaries - Estrogen• Males – Testes - Testosterone