Endocrine System- is made of glands that produce chemical messenger called

hormones.

Glands- are organs that develop a secretion which performs a specific function

- They produce hormones that are released into the blood and carried

throughout the different parts of the body.

Endocrine Glands

Gland Location Hormone

Produce

Functions

Hypothalamus Base of

brain

Regulatory

factors

Regulates activities of other

endocrine glands

Pituitary(front) Base of

brain

Human growth

hormone(HGH)

Lactogenic

hormone

Gonadotrophic

hormone

Stimulates body skeleton

growth

Stimulates production of milk

Stimulates development of

male and female sex organ

Aids function of thyroid

Tyrotrophic

hormone

Adrenocortioc

trophic

hormone(ACTH)

Aids functioning of adrenal

Pituitary(back) Oxytocin

Vasopressin

Regulates blood pressure and

stimulate smooth muscle

Increase rate of water

reabsorption in the kidneys

Thymus Behind

breast

bone

Thymosin Regulates development and

functioning of immune system

Thyroid Neck Thyroxine

calcitoxine

Parathoix

Increase rate of metabolism

maintain the level of calcium

and phosphorous in the blood

Regulates the level of calcium

and phosphorous

Pancreas Abdomen,

near

stomach

Insulin Enables liver to store sugar,

regulate sugar, breakdown of

tissues, decreases blood sugar

level

Increases blood sugarlevel

Glucogen

Ovaries Pelvicarea Estrogen

Progesterone

Produce female secondary sex

characteristics

Promote growth of uterus

Testes Scrotum Testosterone Produce male secondary sex

characteristics

The Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine System consists of special organs called

glands. A gland is an organ of the body that makes and stores

fluids that the needs. The endocrine glands are also called

ductless glands. They have no tubes for their secretions to flow

through. Instead, they release their fluids directly into the

bloodstream. They fluids that are produced by the endocrine

glands are called hormones. A hormone is a chemical substance

that controls growth and development and other body functions.

For example, the rate at which you grow is controlled by

hormones. When an endocrine gland releases as hormone, the

blood carries it into the target organ. The target organ is a part or

a place in a body where a hormone acts. For example, a hormone

controls the production of energy in the body. Its target organs

include all the body cells and tissues.

1. The hypothalamus is located at the base of the brain. It is a

part of the brain. Its serves as a high link between the endocrine

system and the nervous system. It is found just above the

pituitary gland. The hormones secreted by the hypothalamus

gland may either stimulate or inhibit the pituitary gland from

releasing its hormones. For example, one gland is stored in and

release from the pituitary gland.

This hormone is released from the hypothalamus gland of the

mother during childbirth. It stimulates the contraction of the

uterus where the mother is in labor. This hormone is called

oxytonin. It is responsible for the release of milk from the breast

of the mother for feeding the baby upon birth.

2. The pituitary gland – is located in the lower part of the brain. It

is only about the size of a pea. Despite its small size, it produces

several hormones that control the function of the other gland.

This is the reason why the pituitary gland is often called master

gland. But the pituitary is directly under the control of the

hypothalamus gland. Hormones from the hypothalamus either

stimulate or inhibit the production of the hormones of the pituitary

gland. The endocrine glands stimulated by the secretion of the

pituitary gland are the sex glands, the adrenal cortex and the

thyroid glands.

The pituitary glands has two lobes, the anterior or front lobe

and the posterior or back lobe.

The anterior lobe is the P.G. secretes at least six different

hormones. The growth hormone is one of these. The growth

hormone stimulates growth and amino acids transport in the body.

Amino acid is the building flock of proteins. The growth hormone

increases muscle mass and stimulates bone growth.

Another hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland is

the thyroid stimulating hormone. This hormone is brought by the

blood to the thyroid glands where it regulates the secretion of its

hormones. Too little of this hormone causes underactivity of the

thyroid glands. Too much of this hormone would result in the

overactivity of the thyroids. The hormone protactin is also

secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. It promotes milk

production in mothers. The other secretion of pituitary gland

stimulates the sex glands in the males and females.

3. Pineal Glands – is a small endocrine gland near the center of

the brain. It secretes the hormone melatonin. This hormone

promotes the development of the ovaries and the testes.

4. The thyroid glands – are butterfly shaped glands located in the

neck. They are found around the front and sides of the trachea

just below the larynx.

Endocrine System

1. Gland – organ that develop a secretion which performs a

specific function.

2. Islet of Langerhans – These are found in the pancreas that

control the level of sugar in the blood.

3. Hormones – chemical substance which regulate body processes

such as growth development, metabolism, response and critical

situations.

4. Adrenaline – the emergency hormone that is release by the

adrenal gland

5. Pituitary Gland – chief of the ductless gland responsible for

growth

6. Calcitonin - a hormone which prevents the release of calcium

from the bones. It stimulates the bones to release more calcium

into the blood.

7. Glucagon – a hormone which converts the glycogen to glucose.

8. Insulin – hormone which controls the storage of sugar in the

liver and sugar breakdown in tissues.

9. testosterone – hormone which stimulates and produces male

secondary sex characteristics.

10. Oxytocin – hormone which regulates blood pressure and

stimulates smooth muscles.

Menstruation – cyclical shedding of the endometrium every 28

days.