Endocrine Gland Pathology

7/24/2019 Endocrine Gland Pathology

1/5

Pathomorph lab 16- Endocrine Gland Pathology

1. Eosinophilic pituitary adenoma (457).Anterior lobe- GH, PRL, ACTH, MH, TH, LH, !H- eo"inophilic

cell"a# $enign neopla"m o% the anterior lobe o% the pit&itary

b# Prolactinoma- mo"t common 'amenorrhea, in%ertility(

c# Microadenoma)1 cm* macroadenoma+1 cm, can "&ppre"""&rro&nding "tr&ct&re" "&ch a" optic nere" and patient ill

hae characteri"tic "ymptom"d# More common in ad&lt" and omen

e# Pit&itary adenoma i" the mo"t common ca&"e o%

hyperpit&itari"m that &"&ally re"&lt" in inappropriate "ecretiono% one hormone

%# Pit&itary adenoma are cla""i%ied according to the hormonethey prod&ce

g# Prolactinoma" ca&"e. amenorrhea, galactorrhea, lo"" o% libido

and in%ertilityh# GH cell adenoma" ca&"e either giganti"m or acromegaly

i# The eo"inophilic adenoma 'acidophil adenoma, "omatotropheadenoma( o% the pit&itary gland i" an adenoma characteri/ed

by the t&mor cell" that hae an a%%inity %or eo"ini# 0" a "peci%ic type o% pit&itary adenoma that ari"e" %rom

"omatotroph"

# o%t ell-circ&m"cribed le"ion that may be con%ined to the"ella t&rcica

2# Adenoma" hich e3ceed 14mm in "i/e are de%ined a"macroadenomas(may compress the optic chiasm!- loss

of central vision)l# Micro.

i# 5ormal pit&itary con"i"t" o% a mi3t&re o% di%%erent cell

type" enca"ed in retic&lin me"hor2ii# Monomorphic e3pan"ion o% &"&ally one cell type ith lac2

o% retic&lin netor2 among neopla"tic cell"+ the groth

pattern can be di%%&"e#iii# ni%orm, polygonal cell" arranged in "heet" or cord"#

i# &pportie connectie ti""&e, or retic&lin, i" "par"e- "o%t,gelatino&" con"i"tency

# Mitotic actiity i" &"&ally "par"e


2/5


i# The cytopla"m o% the con"tit&ent cell" may be acidophilic,ba"ophilic, or chromophobic, depending on the type and

amo&nt o% "ecretory prod&ct ithin the cell", b&t it i"generally &ni%orm thro&gho&t the t&mor#

2. Parathyroid adenoma (44).a# $enign neopla"m &"&ally inoling a "ingle gland '"olitary

le"ion(

b# 0n%erior parathyroid gland i" mo"t o%ten inoledc# Remainder o% the gland" pl&" all other gland" "ho atrophy

'&na%%ected gland" tend to be atrophic(d# 7omen oer 64 hae the highe"t ri"2

e# Macro. 1-8 cm in diameter and eighing #49 to :44 gram"

'normal 1mm(%# Micro.

i# Entire t&mor i" ell demarcated in all area" %rom the"&rro&nding parathyroid ti""&e

ii# At the edge o% the adenoma i" a i"ible rim orcompre""ed, non- neopla"tic ti""&e

g# The condition" i" o%ten di"coered hen blood te"t" are done

%or another medical rea"on 'rai"ed calci&m and PTH leel"(h# Gland increa"e" in "i/e and prod&ce" PTH in e3ce""# Thi" i"

called Primary Hyperparathyroidi"m#i# erio&" ca"e"- "&rgical treatment#

# The t&mor contain" "heet" o% neopla"tic chie% cell"2# !atty cell" are &"&ally ab"ent#

. "iffuse to#ic hyperplasia of the thyroid ($raves disease)

(452).a# Goiter ith di%%&"e thyroid hyper %&nction and thyroto3ico"i"

d&e to TH receptor dy"%&nction


3/5


b# 0" an a&toimm&ne di"order characteri/ed by di%%&"e goiter,hyperthyroidi"m, e3ophthalmo", and dermopathy

c# To3ic m&lltinod&lar goiterd# Pea2 incidence beteen :4-;- year" o% age, %emale dominant

e# Genetic %actor" and enironmental %actor" '"mo2ing( increa"e

the ri"2%# Three maor pre"entation.

i# Goiterii# E3ophthalmo"

iii# Tachycardia

g# Microi#


4/5


ii# Papillary architect&reiii# Prominent papillae ith %ibroa"c&lar core"

i# Core" hae erythrocyte" in them# Calci%ied p"ommoma bodie" 'typical %or thi" t&mor a" ell

a" other"(

i# 5&clei contain di"per"ed chromatin, hich gie" opticallyclear or empty appearance- >rphan Annie Eye n&clear

incl&"ion"(

5. &drenal cortical adenoma (455).

a# $enign t&mor ari"ing %rom the corte3 o% the adrenal gland

b# Commonly occ&r" in ad&lt" b&t it can be %o&nd in per"on" o%any age

c# Can pre"ent ith C&"hing?" "yndrome or primaryaldo"teroni"m 'Conn?" "yndrome(#

d# "&ally :-9 cm in diameter 'macro(e# Micro

i# T&mor cell" arranged in ne"t" and cord"

ii# Mitotic actiity and necro"i" are not"eeniii# Rim o% compre""ed normal adrenal ti""&e

i# T&mor mainly compo"ed o% lipid depleted

. &drenal cortical carcinoma (45).

a# Rare and aggre""ie t&morb# 0n children &nder 9, and in ad&lt" 84-;4 year" old

c# >cc&r more %re=&ently in omen and hae a poor progno"i"


5/5


d# Meta"ta"i/e" to l&ng, lier, and lymph node"e# Can occ&r in patient" ith "teroid hormone-prod&cing t&mor",

incl&ding C&"hing?" "yndrome, Conn "yndrome, irili/ation,and %emini/ation

%# Poorly demarcated, local ina"ion

g# Can compre"" 2idneyh# Micro

i# Mar2ed anapla"ia, n&clear pleomorphi"mii# T&mor cell" hae ab&ndant eo"inophilic cytopla"m and

enlarged n&clei ith prominent n&cleoli

7. Pheochromocytoma (25).

a# 5eopla"m o% ne&ral cre"t origin ari"ing the adrenal med&llab# "&ally benign

c# ncommon neopla"m compo"ed o% chroma%%in cell"

d# 14@ t&mor* 14@ malignant, 14@ bilaterale# Micro

i# Enlarged irreg&lar loo2ing n&clei- bi/arre cell"ii# ome n&clei can be emptyclear

iii# Cell" ith ab&ndant cytopla"m 'gran&le" containingcatecholamine(

'. ell-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (islet cell tumor*&P+"-oma,) (the pancreas) (45').

a# 0"let cell" commonly re%erred to a" AP< cell"b# Pancreatic i"let cell t&mor" may "ecret : or more polypeptide

hormone"c# Type" o% t&mor"

i# 0n"&linoma beta cell"

ii# Ga"trinoma delta cell"iii#

d# Mo"t common in ad&lt"

e# ingle or m&ltiple%# 0n"&linoma 'beta cell t&mor( M>T C>MM>5- benign le"ion in

the body or tail o% the pancrea"

Documents

Endocrine Gland Pathology