Endangered Ecosystem 2

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ENDANGEREDECOSYSTEM


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ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM

Effects of unplanned

development and

mismanagement of

the ecosystem

Greenhouse effect

and thinning of the

ozone layer

Proper management of

development activities

and the ecosystem

Soil erosion

Flash flood

Landslide

Eutrophication

Global warming Ozone depletion

Climate change

Extinction of living things

Deforestation

Pollution

Cause and effect

Impact on ecosystem

Implementation of laws

Use of technology

Education on the

management of resources

Preservation and

conservation of soil, water,forests and mangrove

swamps

Practice of biological

control

Use of renewable energy

Efficient use of energySources of

pollution

Effects ofpollution

Air

Water

Thermal Noise

Human health

Habitat of animals and plants

Buildings

Agriculture climate

Types of pollution


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Effects of Unplanned Development andMismanagement of the Ecosystem

Soil erosionFlash floodsAcid rain

Climatic changesGreen house effect

Ozone depletion

landslidesDeforestationEutrophication

Air WaterPollution

ThermalSound

Species extinction


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Deforestation

The act of clearing of the

forest by cutting down treesfor its valuable timber, and

for building of roads, houses,

industrial estate and so on.


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Soil Erosion / Landslide


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SOIL EROSION


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Water Pollution

The sources of water pollution:

Effluent from industrial and domestic

sources.

Agricultural waste.

Discharge of untreated sewage.

Leaching of heavy metals fromunderground lead pipes.

Oil spills in the sea.


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Water

Pollution


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Eutrophication

Enrichment of an aquatic system

with organic material or inorganicnutrients, causing an excessive

growth of aquatic plant life

E h


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Eutrophication

Leaching of inorganic fertilisers / input of untreated sewage / run off

animal waste

Increase in mineral nutrients into bodies of water

Algae bloom (rapid growth of algae)

Death of other aquatic photosynthetic plants and algae

Decomposition by bacteria (rapid growth of bacteria)

Bacteria use up oxygen

Aquatic organisms die

Restricts the penetration of light into the water

BOD level increase


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B.O.D.

(Biochemical Oxygen Demand)

Refers to amount of oxygen consumed by

aquatic organisms per litre of water.

B.O.D. water pollution


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Air Pollution

Pollutants Sources Effects

Carbon monoxide

(CO)

Incompletecombustion of

fossil fuels

Combines with haemoglobin to formcarboxyhaemoglobin which reduce the capacity of

the blood to transport oxygen, causes dizzines and

headache, slow down the brain.

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Factories

Irritates and damages the lining of eyes, air

passages and lungs, cause acid rain that may cause

skin diseases.

Oxides of nitrogenFactories Damages tissues of lung (bronchitis), irritate the

eyes, lower the body defence against flu, acid rain.

Dust , dirt, smoke,

soot and haze

Factories,

exhaust

Irritates the eyes, cause conjunctivitis, asthma and

bronchitis

Lead Car exhaustDisrupt the ability of body to produce new cells,

cause retardation of brain in children.

Carbon dioxide (CO2

)combustion of

fossil fuelsCauses emphysema


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APIA system adopted by Malaysia

Government to indicate the level

of air pollution based on itshealth impact

API(Air Pollution Index)

Descriptor

0 50 Good

51 100 Moderate

101 200 Unhealthy

201 300 Very unhealthy

> 300 Hazardous


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Air Pollution


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ACID rain

Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

Oxides of nitrogen (NO, NO2)

Combine with water vapour in the

atmosphere to form sulphuric acid and

nitric acid respectively. They fall back on earth as acid rain.

Caused by:


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Noise Pollution

When the noise of the surroundings

become excessive and disturbs the

comfort of living. Sources:

aeroplane, trains, construction works

wheels and factory machines,vehicles along the roads.


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Noise

intensity of

daily human

activities


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Carbon dioxide (60%)

Methane (15 - 30%)

Nitrous oxide (15%)

CFC (12%)


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Global temperature increase parallels the increase

in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide.


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The Thinning of The Ozone Layer

mainly due to the increasing levels ofchlorofluorocarbons

(CFC) in the atmosphere CFC uses as coolants in air conditionals andrefrigerators, as propellants in aerosol cans

and as foaming agents in making Styrofoam

packaging


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OZO

NE

DE

PLETION


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Effects of Ozone Depletion


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Proper management of development activities and the ecosystem

Implementation of laws

Use of technology

Education on the management of resources Preservation and conservation of soil, water,

forests and mangrove swamps.

Practice of biological control

Use of renewable energy

Efficient use of energy

Documents

Endangered Ecosystem 2