End Show Slide 1 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 351 Human
Body Systems Slide 2 End Show 351 Human Body Systems Slide 2 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organization of the Body
Organization of the Body : The levels of organization in a
multicellular organism include: cells tissues organs organ systems
Slide 3 End Show 351 Human Body Systems Slide 3 of 33 Copyright
Pearson Prentice Hall Organization of the Body Cells A cell is the
basic unit of structure and function in living things. Individual
cells in multicellular organisms are specialized. Specialized cells
are suited to perform a particular function. Slide 4 End Show 351
Human Body Systems Slide 4 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Organization of the Body Tissues A group of cells that perform a
single function is called a tissue. There are four basic types of
tissue in the human body: epithelial, connective, nervous, and
muscle. Slide 5 End Show 351 Human Body Systems Slide 5 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organization of the Body Epithelial
tissue includes glands and tissues that cover interior and exterior
body surfaces. Connective tissue supports the body and connects its
parts. Nervous tissue transmits nerve impulses through the body.
Muscle tissue, along with bones, enables the body to move. Slide 6
End Show 351 Human Body Systems Slide 6 of 33 Copyright Pearson
Prentice Hall Organization of the Body Organs and Organ Systems A
group of different types of tissues that work together to perform a
single function is called an organ. A group of organs that perform
closely related functions is an organ system. There are eleven
organ systems in the body. Slide 7 End Show 351 Human Body Systems
Slide 7 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organization of the
Body Nervous System Structures: Brain, spinal cord, peripheral
nerves Function: Recognizes and coordinates the bodys response to
changes in its internal and external environments Slide 8 End Show
351 Human Body Systems Slide 8 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice
Hall Organization of the Body Integumentary System Structures:
Skin, hair, nails, sweat and oil glands Function: Serves as a
barrier against infection and injury; helps to regulate body
temperature; provides protection against ultraviolet radiation from
the sun Slide 9 End Show 351 Human Body Systems Slide 9 of 33
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organization of the Body Skeletal
System Structures: Bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons Function:
Supports the body; protects internal organs; allows movement;
stores mineral reserves; provides a site for blood cell formation
Slide 10 End Show 351 Human Body Systems Slide 10 of 33 Copyright
Pearson Prentice Hall Organization of the Body Muscular System
Structures: Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle
Function: Works with skeletal system to produce voluntary movement;
helps to circulate blood and move food through the digestive system
Slide 11 End Show 351 Human Body Systems Slide 11 of 33 Copyright
Pearson Prentice Hall Organization of the Body Circulatory System
Structures: Heart, blood vessels, blood Function: Brings oxygen,
nutrients, and hormones to cells; fights infection; removes cell
wastes; helps to regulate body temperature Slide 12 End Show 351
Human Body Systems Slide 12 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Organization of the Body Respiratory System Structures: Nose,
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs Function:
Provides oxygen needed for cellular respiration and removes excess
carbon dioxide from the body Slide 13 End Show 351 Human Body
Systems Slide 13 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organization
of the Body Digestive System Structures: Mouth, pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, small and large intestines, rectum Function: Converts food
into simpler molecules that can be used by the cells of the body;
absorbs food; eliminates wastes Slide 14 End Show 351 Human Body
Systems Slide 14 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organization
of the Body Excretory System Structures: Skin, lungs, kidneys,
ureters, urinary bladder, urethra Function: Eliminates waste
products from the body in ways that maintain homeostasis Slide 15
End Show 351 Human Body Systems Slide 15 of 33 Copyright Pearson
Prentice Hall Organization of the Body Endocrine System Structures:
Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas,
ovaries (in females), testes (in males) Function: Controls growth,
development and metabolism; maintains homeostasis Slide 16 End Show
351 Human Body Systems Slide 16 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice
Hall Organization of the Body Reproductive System Structures:
Testes, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, and penis (in males),
ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina (in females) Function:
Produces reproductive cells; in females, nurtures and protects
developing embryo Slide 17 End Show 351 Human Body Systems Slide 17
of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organization of the Body
Lymphatic/Immune Systems Structures: White blood cells, thymus,
spleen, lymph nodes, lymph vessels Function: Helps protect the body
from disease; collects fluid lost from blood vessels and returns
the fluid to the circulatory system Slide 18 End Show 351 Human
Body Systems Slide 18 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Maintaining Homeostasis What is homeostasis? Slide 19 End Show 351
Human Body Systems Slide 19 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Maintaining Homeostasis Homeostasis is the process by which
organisms keep internal conditions relatively constant despite
changes in external environments. Homeostasis in the body is
maintained by feedback inhibition. Slide 20 End Show 351 Human Body
Systems Slide 20 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Maintaining
Homeostasis Feedback inhibition, or negative feedback, is the
process in which a stimulus produces a response that opposes the
original stimulus. Systems controlled by feedback inhibition are
fully automated and very stable. Slide 21 End Show 351 Human Body
Systems Slide 21 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Maintaining
Homeostasis An Example of Feedback Inhibition Thermostat senses
temperature change and switches off heating system Thermostat
senses temperature change and switches on heating system Room
temperature increases Room temperature decreases Slide 22 End Show
351 Human Body Systems Slide 22 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice
Hall Maintaining Homeostasis Homeostasis In the Body Maintenance of
homeostasis requires the integration of all organ systems at all
times. One example is the maintenance of a stable body temperature.
Slide 23 End Show 351 Human Body Systems Slide 23 of 33 Copyright
Pearson Prentice Hall Maintaining Homeostasis The hypothalamus
monitors the temperature of the skin and the temperature of organs.
If core body temperature drops, the hypothalamus: causes blood
vessels in the skin to constrict reducing heat loss from skin.
causes the skeletal muscles to contract involuntarilyto shiver.
This causes the body temperature to increase. Slide 24 End Show 351
Human Body Systems Slide 24 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Maintaining Homeostasis If the core body temperature increases, the
hypothalamus: causes blood vessels in the skin to dilate so heat
can escape from the skin. the body produces sweat, which cools the
body by evaporation. This causes the body temperature to decrease.
Slide 25 End Show - or - Continue to: Click to Launch: Slide 25 of
33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 351 Slide 26 End Show Slide 26
of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 351 Which of the following
organ systems transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells?
a.circulatory system b.muscular system c.excretory system d.nervous
system Slide 27 End Show Slide 27 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice
Hall 351 The type of tissue that holds organs in place and binds
different parts of the body together is called a.muscle tissue.
b.epithelial tissue. c.connective tissue. d.skeletal tissue. Slide
28 End Show Slide 28 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 351 One
major function of the integumentary system is to a.help regulate
body temperature. b.cause the body to move. c.provide a surface for
gas exchange. d.control growth, development, and metabolism. Slide
29 End Show Slide 29 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 351
Which of the following is NOT an example of feedback inhibition?
a.shivering to warm the body b.sweating to cool the body c.nervous
tissue receiving messages d.turning on the heating system of a
house Slide 30 End Show Slide 30 of 33 Copyright Pearson Prentice
Hall 351 The process by which an organism keeps internal conditions
relatively constant is called a.a feedback loop. b.negative
feedback. c.homeostasis. d.normal temperature. Slide 31 END OF
SECTION
