End of the Year Review

The following pages is an end of the year review.

Fill in the blank for each question using the word bank given.

A grade will be taken for every 3 pages or Eras. The last section

will have 5 Eras.

The review will be worth 5 grades.

This is part your grade for this semester along with the Essay

over the TOLL OF THE PRESIDENCY.

U.S. History EOC Review

Early U.S. History

 Paul Revere Alexander Hamilton American Civil War Thomas Jefferson Federalist Papers Jamestown foreign Common Sense King George III Northwest Ordinance Lexington Samuel Adams George Washington Benjamin Franklin representation Marquis de Lafayette Concord Declaration of Independence people Magna Carta 1. The ________________________________ written in 1215 limited the power of the King and gave Englishmen the right to a trial by jury. 2. _______________________________________ the first permanent English Settlement was established in 1607 . 3. The idea of representative government flourished in colonial America because the colonists wanted the _______________________________________ to be the source of the power . 4. _______________________________________was the English King that was blamed for “ losing the colonies ”. Grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence were addressed to him. 5. Thomas Paine wrote _______________________________________ Paine explained in plain words why the colonies should revolt helping colonists overcome their fears about breaking away from England .

6. _______________________________________was one of the Founders of the Sons of Liberty . He led the Boston Tea Party and the boycott against British goods. 7. A colonial inventor , painter, writer and statesman that was famous for contributing to the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution was_______________________________________ 8. _______________________________________was heavily influenced by John Locke . He was responsible for writing the Declaration of Independence . 9. The Battles of _______________________________________and _______________________________________ took place in 1775 in Massachusetts and signaled the beginning of the Revolutionary War . 10. _______________________________________rode a horse holding a lantern signaling colonists that the British were coming. It is also called “the shot heard round the world”. 11. In 1776 , the Second Continental Congress issued The _______________________________________, written by Thomas Jefferson. It listed grievances against King George III and stated the colonies were free and independent . 12. _______________________________________ was a Frenchman who lobbied France to send soldiers to help in the Revolutionary War . He also led an army in Virginia. 13. Some Americans colonists believed they were justified in declaring independence from Great Britain because the British government taxed the colonies without direct _______________________________________ in Parliament. 14. The _______________________________________ were written in 1787 . They were written by James Madison , Alexander Hamilton , John Jay . The papers defended the Constitution and the American system of government and called for strong central government. 15. Co-authored the Federalist Papers with John Jay and James Madison. He later helped establish the Bank of the United States and was the Secretary of the Treasury . His name is _______________________________________ and his picture is on the 10-dollar bill. 16. The first president of the United States was _______________________________________. He was the commander of the Continental Army and wanted the U.S. to stay neutral in _______________________________________ policy.

17. In 1787 , under the Articles of Confederation , the_______________________________________ was passed. It stated how the Northwest Territory was to divide up and set requirements as to how new states could be added to the U.S. It was the first act that forbad slavery in the new land.

18. The _______________________________________ was fought from 1861-1865 . A turning point in the war was Gettysburg, where Robert E. Lee and the South were defeated.

Westward Expansion and the Rise of Industry 1865-1900 railroad monopoly Europe new west women’s suffrage light bulb mass production eastern Thomas Edison Dawes Act Social Darwinism Ellis Island immigrants southern women Jane Adams Alexander Graham Bell reservations Chinese Exclusion Act xenophobia western laissez faire John D. Rockefeller 1. During the time period of 1860-1890 large deposits of gold and silver were found in the ________________________ United States. 2. The greatest effect of discovering gold in the ___________________________________ was statehood for the Western territories 3. ___________________________ are tracts (sections) of poor land on which the movement and activities of Indians were restricted . 4. In 1887 Congress passed the _______________________________________, which was designed to force the Indians to accept the values of white American culture . 5. _______________________________ was the inventor of the light bulb, phonograph and moving pictures. ( Wizard of Menlo park ) 6. The effect of laying telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean was the improved communication between the United States and _______________________________________. 7. _______________________________________ is a means of producing many products efficiently and cheaply. 8. The invention of the _______________________________________ contributed to industrial growth in the U.S. by making it possible for production to continue at night . 9. _______________________________________ was the inventor of the telephone . 10. A _______________________________________ is complete control over an industry. 11. _______________________________________ is the hatred and fear of foreigners and strangers. 12. _______________________________________was the founder of Hull House and supporter of the Settlement house movement. She also fought to end child labor. 13. Susan B. Anthony was a leader in the _______________________________________ (the right to vote) movement. 14. Susan B Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton focused the attention of the American people on the unfair treatment of _______________________________________. 15. This industry is responsible for the establishment of the 4 time zones (Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific): __________________. 16. The Economic philosophy based on the “ survival of the fittest ” is known as_______________________________________. 17. _______________________________________ means “ to let one do ” and was the U.S. economic philosophy ( no government regulation of business ) until F.D.R.’s presidency. 18. I was the founder of the Standard Oil Company , which was the 1 st monopoly in the United States. _________________________. 19. The reception center for immigrants entering the United States through New York City during the 1800’s was known as ______________________________________.

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20. The ______________________________________immigrants of the late 1800’s were of Slavic and Jewish descent. Many came to escape political and religious persecution and to seek better job opportunities. 21. These “ new immigrants ” came from ________________________________and Europe and predominately settled in northern cities . 22. Many eastern and southern European came to the U.S. in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s in order to work in coalmines and steel mills . 23. This law placed a moratorium (suspended ) on Chinese immigration for 10 years ______________________________________.

The Gilded Age 1870-1900 . decreased increased Boss Tweed Sherman Antitrust Act unlimited Pendleton Act Interstate Commerce Commission labor pollution political Plessy v. Ferguson overabundance laws graft Central Park cities

1. In 1887 Congress established the to regulate the railroad industry. 2. Congress in 1890 passed the to make “trusts” and monopolies illegal . 3. The 1896 Supreme Court case that permitted separate facilities for African Americans is known as ____________________________________________________. 4. In the late 1800's the establishment of many industries on U.S. rivers contributed to in the rivers. 5. Businessmen, industrialist and farmers in the late 1800’s (19 th century) and early 1900’s (20 th century) saw our natural resources as _____________________________________. Many people abused and wasted these valuable assets. 6. During the time period of 1867-1900 farm income did not keep up with farm production due to an __________________________ of farm products. 7. Population increased in major cities between 1850-1910 for the following reasons: movement of people from rural (country ) areas to major _______________________________________, increased industrialization, and increased immigration. 8. Rural population _____________________________________ as many people moved to the cities to find jobs. 9. At the turn of the 20 th century (early 1900’s) many northern cities became crowded , as a result cities such as New York set aside land known as green areas to be used for recreation and picnicking. New York City’s famous park is . 10. During the time period of 1860-1890 organized _______________________________________ became increasingly active resulting in an increase in unions. 11. Between years of 1885-1910 U.S. international trade _______________________________________significantly. 12. Making illegal payments to officials is known as _______________________________________. 13. In 1883 Congress passed the _______________________________________that established the Civil Service Commission, which meant federal jobs , would be awarded through competitive examination rather than patronage (favors) 14. During the Gilded Age urban (cities) politics were controlled by corrupt leaders, these organizations they ran were known as _______________________________________ machines. 15. I was the leader of New York City’s infamous Tweed Ring. Who am I? _______________________________________ Major goals of the Populist Party

1. a 16-1 ratio of silver to gold

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2. an 8 hour workday 3. direct election of U.S. senators 4. nationalization of railroads, telephones and telegraphs 5. restriction on immigration 6. initiative and referendum 7. secret ballot for all elections

16. As a result of the efforts of the Populist Party many of their proposals were later enacted into ____________________________.

The Progressive Era 1901-1917 labor Booker T. Washington law third lands The Jungle W.E.B. DuBois health Theodore Roosevelt muckrakers conservationism Booker T. Washington W.E.B. DuBois elected official voters overcrowded 1. Initiative allows to introduce laws through petitions and to enact laws directly through popular vote. 2. Under a Referendum citizens may approve or reject a proposed ____________________________. 3. A Recall vote allows voters to remove an from office. 4. Both the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act are examples of successful Progressive reforms dealing with unregulated business trusts, which disregarded the and safety of consumers. 5. Theodore Roosevelt divided the Republican vote during the 1912 presidential election by running as a -party candidate. 6. Progressive Writers who tried to expose unsafe conditions in industry and corruption in politics during the early 1900s were referred to as . They were writers who exposed the evils of society and business . 7. In his muckraking novel , Upton Sinclair attacked the meatpacking industry of Chicago. 8. In his novel, How the Other Half Lives , Jacob Riis called attention to health problems caused by tenements. 9. During the Progressive era reformers worked to end child . Children would work for low wages and in unsafe environments. Many children worked along side adults in the factories. 10. While president I promoted conservation by adding 5 national parks and 51 wildlife refuges. Who am I? _____________________ 11. In 1905 I helped organize the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People , an organization dedicated to achieving racial equality for African Americans. I advocated (supported ) immediate equality for African Americans. Who am I? ____________________________ 12. In 1881 I founded Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, an industrial and agricultural school for African Americans. I supported the idea of “ Gradualism ” as the path African Americans should take to Equality. Who am I? ____________________________ 13. The views of _________________________and ____________________________ differed most regarding how to achieve equal rights and end discrimination of African Americans . 14. The development of the National Park System in the 19 th century was closely related to the reform movement known as ____________________________. 15. One reason the U.S. Congress created the National Park Service in 1916 was to protect the natural beauty of selected federal ____________________________.

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America’ Rise to Power (Imperialism) 1895-1914 climate expanding Alfred T. Mahan United States dollar Open Door yellow Theodore increase Imperialism international Pacific Spanish-American War colonization Open Door Policy Atlantic 1. The policy of extending the rule of one country over another is known as____________________________. 2. In 1898 America helped Cuba gain its independence from Spain . This war is known as the ______________________________. After the war America became the leading power in the Western Hemisphere. Key Events in U.S. Foreign policy: 3. In 1898, Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico and Hawaii are annexed to ____________________________the military security of the United States. 4. I wrote the book entitled The Influence of Sea Power Upon History this book influenced leaders such as Theodore Roosevelt and other important leaders to build a powerful U.S. navy . By having a powerful navy the U.S. became a world power. Who am I? ____________________________ 5. The Monroe Doctrine stated that the Americas would not be subjects for European ____________________________. 6. In 1899, Secretary of State John Hay announced an ____________________________Policy with China to increase U.S. foreign trade. 7. The most important reason for building the Panama Canal was that it shortened the travel time between the ____________________________ and ____________________________Oceans. 8. Geographic and economic factors influenced the ____________________________to build the Panama Canal because of the Canal’s expected impact on the speed and cost of international trade . 9. Some of the major obstacles the United States faced in building the Panama Canal were to stop the spread of _______________ fever caused by mosquitoes and combating the harsh ____________________________. 10. This U.S. foreign policy helped increase trade with Asia: ____________________________ 11. President William Howard Taft established the 20 th century foreign policy of ____________________________ diplomacy , which was encouraged by American Capitalists (business men) 12. In 1895, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge encouraged the U.S . to expand its role in trade and commerce . 13. Many South America countries came to dislike the United States after the Spanish American War because as president ____________________________Roosevelt issued the Roosevelt Corollary , which was an extension of the Monroe Doctrine. 14. “ American factories are making more than the American people can use; Fate has written our policy for us; the trade of the world must and shall be ours” U.S. Senator Albert Beveridge 1897. Beveridge’s comments suggest that one reason for __________________ U.S. international trade was overproduction .

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World War I (The Great War) 1914-1918 league Bolsheviks

Russia isolated north

neutrality Italy women’s France Versailles submarine Russia Fourteen John J. Pershing 1. At the beginning of World War I the United States established a policy of ____________________________ , which means not taking sides in a war. 2. The main reason for the United States entrance into World War I was because Germany resumed unrestricted ____________________________ warfare (sinking all ships). German submarines began sinking U.S. ships without warning . 3. During World War I the Allied powers consisted of: England (Great Britain), ____________________________, and ____________________________. 4. During World War I the Central Powers consisted of: Germany, Ottoman Empire and ____________________________. 5. In 1917 a minority socialist party called communists led by Vladimir Lenin overthrew the Czar of Russia ; they were also known as ____________________________. 6. During World War I (The Great War) I was the commander of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF). I led the Allied troops in the wars last major offensive in the Battle of the Meuse -Argonne . Who am I? ____________________________ 7. The Bolshevik Revolution , which led to the Red Scare in the U.S. occurred ____________________________. 8. In 1919 the Central Powers were defeated . The Leaders of the Allied Powers wanted to punish Germany. The Germans were forced to sign the harsh Treaty of . The conditions of the treaty would later help start World War II. 9. U.S. president Woodrow Wilson intended his ____________________________ points to provide a basis for postwar international peace efforts. 10. In 1919 the U.S. Senate failed to ratify the Treaty of Versailles as a result the U.S. became increasingly __________________ from world affairs . 11. After World War I the U.S. Senate refused to join the ____________________________of Nations because they feared it would draw the U.S. into future wars.

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12. The main reason many African Americans moved to the ____________________________ during World War I (the First Great Migration ) was that higher paying jobs were available in industrial cities. 13. Public acknowledgment of the contribution of American women during World War I resulted in greater support for ____________________________ suffrage .

The Roaring Twenties (the Jazz Age) 1920-1929

William Jennings Bryan national Henry Ford Jazz African-Americans communists Charles Lindbergh Fundamentalism Harlem Renaissance Harding Clarence Darrow Prohibition U.S.S.R.

Marcus Garvey electrification Harlem Renaissance 1. In the years following World War I the Soviet Union was considered an international outcast because its ____________________________ government was considered a threat by many countries. 2. The Red Scare of the 1920’s is associated with what communist country? ____________________________ 3. One characteristic of the ____________________________ Age of the 1920’s was a new, fast-paced American lifestyle. 4. ____________________________ is a time period known for its restriction on alcohol . As a result some Americans ignored the laws, organized criminal activity grew in the U.S. and some government officials took bribes. 5. In the 1920’s African Americans made developments in literature and music this time period is known as the ____________________________. 6. The birth of jazz music is associated with this group of people ____________________________ . 7. The Teapot Dome scandal was the secret illegal leasing of oil rich government properties in Wyoming and California by Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall. This scandal marred the presidency of ____________________________. 8. The first commercial radio broadcast began in1920. Two years later 500 stations carried the news across the nation creating a common ____________________________culture.

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9. In 1908 ____________________________introduced the Model T and changed American society forever. The automobile changed Americans travel habits especially during the 1920’s. 10. At the turn of the 20 th century (early 1900’s ) rural ____________________________brought power to rural residents and impacted farmers’ standard of living more than any other innovation of the time period. 11. Religion played an important role in people’s lives in the 1920’s. Many people were followers of a movement that believed in the literal interpretation of the bible . This belief was known as ____________________________. 12. In 1925 John Scopes a biology teacher in the small town of Dayton, Tennessee was brought to trial for breaking a Tennessee law that forbid the teaching of Evolution in School. He was defended by the famous lawyer ____________________________. 13. I was the prosecuting Attorney in the famous “ monkey trial ”. I am also remembered as a man who ran for president 4 times. Who am I? ____________________________ 14. In 1927, I became the 1 st person to fly nonstop across the Atlantic Ocean from New York City to Paris making me an instant celebrity. I symbolized American ingenuity, courage, and ability. Can you name me? ____________________________ 15. In 1914, I established the Universal Negro Improvement Association in Harlem. I urged African Americans to look within their culture for dignity and pride. Who am I? ____________________________ 16. As a result of the ____________________________more people were made aware of the literary and artistic achievements of African Americans .

The Great Depression and the New Deal 1929-1941

Stock jobs federal eased Deal 1929 Security four relief John Steinbeck WWII decrease jobs FDIC bank

start Hoover 22 nd FDR relief, recovery, reform FDR Roosevelt

1. The stock market crash of caused the U.S. government to take a more active and direct role in the nation’s economy . 2. Black Tuesday signaled the of the Great Depression. 3. Two major causes of the Dust Bowl were a in rainfall during the 1930’s and poor agricultural (farming) practices . 4. was the president at the start of the Great Depression. 5. “I pledge you, I pledge my self, to a new deal for the American people.” was the presidential nominee making this statement. 6. The start of the Great Depression increased the population of urban areas ( cities ) in the United States because many Midwestern and Southern farmers moved to the cities in search of .

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7. The New Deal’s 3 R’s were __________________________, __________________________, and ________________________. 8. President Franklin Roosevelt’s New Programs were often complicated and confusing and did not end the Great Depression only provided temporary . 9. The Court Packing Plan or (Judiciary Reorganization Bill) in 1937 would have increased the number of Supreme Court Justices from 9 to 15. Many conservatives criticized President for proposing this plan. 10. As a result of the New Deal programs the role of the ________________________ government in the national economy expanded . 11. The Grapes of Wrath is a novel written by detailing the plight of the victims of the Dust Bowl and the Great Depression and their journey westward. 12. President Franklin Roosevelt proposed programs such as the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and Works Progress Administration (WPA) primarily to provide people with . 13. The Social Act of 1935 established a pension plan for Americans along with unemployment insurance for individuals that lose their jobs. 14. In 1933 President Franklin Roosevelt created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation , its purpose, to insure individual _____________________ deposits up to $100,000. 15. In 1934 President Franklin Roosevelt created the Securities and Exchange Commission a regulatory agency that would supervise the Exchange ( Financial markets). 16. The New Deal Program that protects Individual deposits in banks what is still functioning today is the _______________________________________. 17. In the years of 1933-1941 the majority of American voters supported Franklin Roosevelt. Roosevelt was elected to terms as president. 18. An accurate conclusion about the relationship between the New Deal and The Great Depression is that the New Deal programs ________________________ the problem of unemployment during the Great Depression. 19. The Great Depression ended with the start of . 20. The Amendment limits a president to 2 terms in office was passed because of the number of terms served by __________________________________.

World War II 1939-1945 atomic ration Lend Lease

Douglas MacArthur increased Holocaust island hopping Marshall Plan Pearl Harbor Japan

Harry S. Truman worked Midway economic Dwight D. Eisenhower George Patton Western men Internment 1. The Act during World War II provided military and financial aid to Great Britain . 2. On December 7, 1941 Japan attacked . This resulted in the U.S.’s entry into World War II . 3. World War II changed the role of women in the U.S. because they in business and industry.

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4. An impact of World War II on women was the fact that they began working in jobs previously held by . 5. Shortages during World War II caused the federal government to items such as sugar, gasoline , and coffee . 6. One social effect of the large migration of African Americans to U.S. industrial centers between 1940 and 1950 was __________________________ racial tension.

World War II Agencies War Production Board - tripled nation’s gross national product (GNP) by 1945 Federal spending increased. War Labor Board - handled labor disputes and kept country relatively strike free. War Manpower Commission -drafted nearly 14 million men. Kept steady flow of trained workers employed in the nation’s factories. Office of Price Administration - kept inflation down. Set price controls. Set up rationing. 7. According to the information above the policies of the federal government during World War II involved increasing ____________________ controls. 8. was the term used to describe the U.S. strategy of attacking some Pacific Islands while by passing others during World War II. 9. The Battle of is considered the “ turning point ” in World War II in the war of the Pacific against the Japanese . 10. As a result of the bombing of Pearl Harbor , in February 1942 , Present Franklin Roosevelt established the War Relocation Authority. The agency had the job of relocating 110,000 Japanese Americans from the West coast and shipping them off to ______________________________________ camps located in isolated parts of California, Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and Idaho. 11. The main purpose of the Normandy invasion (D-Day) of France was to liberate Europe from Axis control. 12. The is the term used today to describe Hitler’s mass murder of Jews and other “ undesirables ” during World War II . 13. The Manhattan Project is associated with the development of the 1 st ____________________________ bomb. 14. President Truman justified his decision to drop atomic bombs on by saying that this action would shorten World War II and save the lives of U.S. soldiers. 15. I became President after F.D.R.’s death; I am remembered for giving the order to drop “ the Bomb ” on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Can you name me? _________________________________ 16. I was the 34 th president of the U.S. I also served as Supreme Allied Commander of the troops in Europe and Supreme commander of the Normandy invasion or D-Day . During my presidency the Korean War ended, Army-McCarthy hearings were held in the U.S. Senate, and the Supreme Court ruled against segregated schools. I also was responsible for the Interstate Highway Act of 1956 . My name is ____________________________ 17. This American general upon his leaving the Philippines during World War II said, “I shall return”. True to his word he would return and defeat the Japanese in the Pacific . During the Korean War he would be called upon to lead the United Nation troops against the communist North Koreans. He was relieved of his command in Korea after a dispute with President Truman over strategy. Can you name this American hero? ____________________________ 18. George Marshall was the Army Chief of Staff during World War II . After the war he became President Truman’s Secretary of State he devised a plan to send economic aid to Western Europe to help rebuild their economies this plan was known as the ____________________________. 19. I was a U.S. general during World War II . I commanded troops in Africa, Tunisia and Italy. I was the first to extensively use tanks in wartime. My nickname was “Old Blood and Guts.” Do you know my name? ____________________________

The Cold War and the 1950’s 1945-1989

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prosperity Cuba GI Bill

satellite Thomas Dewey Marshall Plan

increase North Iron Curtain 38 th Sputnik

suburbs capitalism suburbs communist

U.S.A communism MacArthur

communism police action McCarthyism U.S.S.R. 1. An economic system in which the people own most businesses and land is known as ____________________________. 2. A is a weak country under the control of a powerful country. 3. The mythical dividing line between Eastern Europe and Western Europe after World War II became known as the _ ___________________________. 4. An economic system in which businesses and land are controlled by the government is known as___________________________. 5. The Cold War was a power struggle (tension) between the __________________ and __________________. 6. The goal of the Truman Doctrine was to stop the spread of ____________________________. 7. After WW II the United States broke it’s tradition of not signing permanent alliances with other nations. The U.S. joined Canada and 10 European nations in signing the ____________________________Atlantic Treaty these countries make up NATO . NATO’s goal was to put Western Europe under the U.S. nuclear shield . 8. In 1950 the U.S. sent soldiers to fight a war to stop communism in Korea . It was never officially declared a war but was called a “____________________________”. After 3 years of fighting Korea was divided at the parallel. 9. The passage of the ____________________________ of 1948 allowed World War II veterans access to government benefits which included college loans and low cost financing to buy homes . 10. In the presidential election of 1948, president Truman was opposed by ___________________________. Truman was predicated to lose but instead upset the favorite. 11. In 1951 president Truman made a very unpopular decision when he dismissed General ____________________________ as commander of the troops in Korea . The general was critical of Truman’s decision to fight a “limited war” and was relieved of his command for insubordination . 12. In 1950 a Second Red Scare swept through the nation it was led by a man named Senator Joseph McCarthy . He led a national crusade to hunt down alleged communists in the Truman Administration. This crusade became known as ______________________. 13. The _______________________________ was designed to help rebuild the economic structure of postwar Western Europe. 14. During the Cold War era of the 1950’s the main goal of U.S. foreign policy was to block ________________________ expansion. 15. Since 1959 many people have made the short journey to the U.S . to escape the communist government of ____________________________. 16. The increased use of automobiles in the period after World War II resulted in more people working in cities and living in ____________________________. 17. In 1956 Congress passed the National System of Interstate and Defense Highway Act . This act created a system of Highways that covered 41,000 miles and took 20 years to construct resulting in an ____________________________ in the development of suburbs .

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18. ____________________________was the first artificial earth satellite , launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. This event resulted in the U.S. expanding its space program. 19. In the 1950’s the minimum wage increased 33%, average family income rose 15%, real wages went up 20% one could draw the conclusion that the 50’s were a time of ____________________________. 20. In the 1950’s with the introduction of developments such as Levittown many Americans saw the ___________________ as the best places to live .

Civil Rights Movement and the 1960’s 1954-1968

equal white only MLK, Jr. Malcolm X women and other minorities separate Rosa Parks rights

MLK, Jr. black race equality (rights) Black John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson 1. In Brown v Board of Education of Topeka , the U.S. Supreme court overturned the Plessy v Ferguson decision that established the " ____________________________ but equal" doctrine. 2. In 1961 I became the second-youngest president ever elected. I was also the first catholic president. My domestic policy was called the New Frontier . I supported an unsuccessful invasion of Cuba ( Bay of Pigs ) and forced the Soviets to remove their missiles from Cuba ( Cuban Missile Crisis ). While riding in an open car in Dallas Texas I was shot by a lone gunman in a building. Who am I? ____________________________ 3. I was born in Texas and later became the 36th president of the U.S. My Great Society Plan and my War on Poverty resulted in a wide range of social programs. I was responsible for the escalation of American military efforts in Vietnam . My name is ____________________________ 4. I was the leader of the 1955 bus boycott in Montgomery Alabama we protested against segregated seating on buses . In 1957 I founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and in 1963 led the March on Washington . Who am I? ____________________________ 5. The " I have a Dream ” speech given by ____________________________ helped gain widespread support for the Civil Rights Act of 1964. 6. The Civil Rights Act 1964 eliminated “____________________________” facilities. It prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion or national origin it also reinforced black equally and brought new rights to ________________________________________________________. The act also established legal consequences for discrimination . 7. I was a member of the Nation of Islam . I encouraged black separatism and “ by any means necessary ” In Feb. 1965 I was assassinated. Do you know who I am? . 8. My refusal to give up my seat on a bus in Montgomery Alabama in 1955 helped spark the Civil Rights Movement . Can you name me? ____________________________ 9. In 1962 Jackie Robinson was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. Over the span of 10 years he hit 137 home runs and was the 1949 National League Most Valuable Player. However his is best known for being the first ____________________________to play for a major league sports team. 10. In the 1960’s the ____________________________ Panthers differed from Martin Luther King Jr., in their belief that African Americans might need to use armed resistance in response to discrimination .

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11. One result of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was that restaurants, hotels, and other public facilities could no longer restrict service on the basis of _______________. Women also gained ____________________________from the Civil Rights Act 1964 . 12. Throughout history the primary goal of the National Association of the Advancement of Colored People ( NAACP ) has been to secure _______________________________________________for African American citizens. 13. The decisions in both Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka and the Regents of University of California v. Bakke cases affected a citizen's right to an ____________________________ opportunity for education .

Political events of the 1960’s

Organization consumer Cesar Chavez Indian Society 1. 1962 ____________________________organizes the United Farm Workers to improve working conditions for migrant farm laborers. 2. 1962 The Students for a Democratic ____________________________ (SDS) is formed. 3. 1965 The book Unsafe at Any Speed signaled the need for ____________________________ protection. 4. 1966 The National ____________________________ for Women (NOW) is established. 5. 1968 The American ____________________________ Movement (AIM) is formed.

Environmental Issues

Clean environment reforms moon Rachel Carson Day 1. 1962 _____________________________ publishes Silent Spring telling of the dangers of agricultural chemical and pesticides 2. 1969 National Environmental Policy passes. 3. 1970 first Earth ____________________________ held. 4. 1972 ____________________________ Water Act is passed. 5. 1962-1972 Americans expressed concerns about the ____________________________ during this period. 6. During this time period (1960’s) U.S. citizens actively organized to initiate government social ____________________________. 7. Buzz Aldrin , Neil Armstrong and Michael Collins are associated with the first walk on the ____________________________.

The 1970’s

new 20 th war Watergate protest Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Vietnam cause Mexico Gulf of Tonkin domino theory 1. The ___________________________ Scandal destroyed Republican Richard Nixon's presidency forcing him to resign . 2. On April 30th 1975 with the fall of Saigon marked the end of U.S. involvement in ____________________________.

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3. Because of rapidly changing technology in the 1980's and 1990's U.S. workers have had to be willing to learn ____________ skills. 4. Many people from my country came to the U.S. in the 1980's and 1990's to find economic opportunities. The country is _____________________. 5. Computers have been responsible for the most significant change in business and communication in the late ____________________________ century. 6. Industrial development has been the major ____________________________of environmental pollution in the U.S. 7. The fear that if South Vietnam fell to the communists , all of the other nations of Southeast Asia would fall to communism was based on a belief in the ____________________________. 8. President Lyndon Johnson and President Richard Nixon used this resolution in Vietnam to authorize the use of U.S. troops without a formal declaration of ___________________. Can you name this document? _____________________________________ 9. In the 1960’s and 70’s U.S. military involvement in Southeast Asia caused widespread ____________________________here at home. 10. Following passage of the _________________________________ Resolution of 1964 president Johnson escalated our involvement in Vietnam.

Constitutional Amendments

citizens poll arms law women slavery sue income 18 direct state separate a jury president raise trial January twice freedom alcoholic press cruel Columbia troops repealed property constitution men vice president government

1. The First Amendment prohibits the establishment of a ____________________________church. Guarantees ______________________ of religion , freedom of speech , freedom of assembly , and freedom of the ____________________________. 2. The Second Amendment guarantees the right to bear ____________________________. 3. The Third Amendment prohibits the government from forcing people to house ( quartering ) ____________________________ in their homes. 4. The Fourth Amendment protects citizens against unreasonable searches and seizure of their ____________________________.

5. The Fifth Amendment guarantees due process of ____________________________when accused of a crime. A person doesn’t have to give evidence against themselves and can’t be tried ____________________________for the same crime. 6. The Sixth Amendment guarantees people a trial by ____________________________and the right to a lawyer . 7. The Seventh Amendment guarantees people a ____________________________by jury in civil cases involving more than $20. 8. The Eighth Amendment prevents the setting of excessive bail or handing out _______________________ and unusual punishments . 9. The Ninth Amendment says that the rights of citizens aren’t limited to only those described in the _________________________. 10. The Tenth Amendment grants any powers not given in the Constitution to the federal ______________________belong to the states . 11. The Eleventh Amendment states that citizens of the U.S. may not ____________________________the U.S. Government without its permission. 12. The Twelfth Amendment states that the president and vice president must run on ____________________________ ballots . 13. The 13th amendment abolished ____________________________.

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14. The 14th amendment made all people ____________________________and guaranteed equality under the law. 15. The 15th Amendment gave black ____________________________the right to vote . 16. The 16th amendment permitted the federal government to collect an __________________________________ tax . 17. The 17th Amendment provides for ____________________________ election of senators by the voters of the state. 18. The 18th Amendment forbade the manufacturing, sell or transportation of ____________________________ beverages in the U.S. 19. The 19th Amendment guaranteed ____________________________ the right to vote . 20. The 20th Amendment states the terms of the president and vice president will end on the 20th day of __________________________.

21. The 21st amendment ____________________________ the 18th amendment ( abolished prohibition ). 22. The 22nd Amendment limits the term of the ____________________________ to 2 terms or 10 years. 23. The 23rd amendment established voting rights (electoral votes) in the District of ____________________________ (Washington D.C.) 24. The 24th Amendment abolished ____________________________ taxes (didn't have to pay to vote). 25. The 25th Amendment states in case of removal of the president from office because of his death or resignation the ____________________________shall become president. 26. The 26 th Amendment states that citizens of the U.S. who are ____________________________years of age or older shall not be denied the right to vote . 27. The 27th amendment states that Congress cannot give itself a pay ____________________________without the approval of the succeeding Congress.

Important Supreme Court Cases right separate could not woman prayer rights vote Brown v. Board of Education 1. In the 1896 Plessy V Ferguson case the Supreme Court decided that states could permit ___________________________ facilities as long as they were equal. 2. In 1954 in the Supreme Court _____________________ vs__________________________________________ Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren ruled that segregated schools were not equal . This case reversed Plessy v Ferguson . 3. In the 1962 Supreme Court case Engle v. Vitale the Warren Court ruled that mandatory ____________________________in public school violates the principle of separation of church and state . 4. In 1963 in Gideon v Wainwright the Warren Court ruled that all accused suspects have a ____________________________to a lawyer , and the state will provide one if necessary. 5. In the 1964 Supreme Court case Reynolds v Sims the Warren Court ruled that representation in state legislatures must be proportionate to its population "one person one ____________________________.”

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6. In the 1966 Supreme Court case Miranda V Arizona the Warren Court ruled that all those arrested must be told of their constitutional ____________________________to due process of law. 7. In 1973 in one of its most controversial decisions the Supreme Court ruled in Roe V Wade that a____________________________ had the right to an abortion . 8. In 1978 decision Regents of University of California v Bakke the Supreme Court ruled that universities _____________________use racial quotas to achieve racial balance.

KNOW YOUR PRESIDENTS Woodrow Wilson George Bush Warren Harding Jimmy Carter John F. Kennedy Abraham Lincoln George Washington Dwight D. Eisenhower Thomas Jefferson Richard Nixon William McKinley Harry S. Truman Reagan Herbert Hoover Andrew Jackson Lyndon B. Johnson Theodore Roosevelt Gerald Ford Franklin D. Roosevelt 1. My accomplishments include being a member of the Virginia House of Burgess, the Continental Congress, General and Commander in Chief of the Continental Army , and was elected the first president of the U.S. Who am I? ____________________________ 2. During my life I served as a member of the Continental Congress, wrote the Declaration of Independence , was elected the 3 rd president of the U.S. While president the U.S. purchased Louisiana from France in 1803 for $15 million dollars, doubling the size of the U.S. and I sent Lewis and Clark to explore this new land. Who am I? ____________________________ 3. I am known as “Old Hickory” because I was a hero at the Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812. My fame resulted in me being elected President in 1828. During my presidency I faced the “Nullification Crisis” which was a battle between South Carolina and the federal government over a tariff . This was an example of “federalism” which means national laws have jurisdiction over state laws . I was also responsible for the “Trail of Tears” or the removal of Indians from their land to Oklahoma. My name is? ___ ____________________________ 4. I was elected president in 1860 much to the dismay of Southerners. In 1861, Fort Sumter was fired upon which resulted in the beginning of the Civil War . My main goal was to preserve the Union. I issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed the slaves in the South. Despite my best efforts the Civil War lasted from 1861-1865 . An assassin, John Wilkes Booth, cut my presidency short. I am? ____________________________ 5. I was the first progressive president. Under my administration we built the Panama Canal passed the Pure Food and Drug Act and “ busted up trusts ”. I also started the National Park Service and set aside federal land for future generations. Who am I? ____________________________ 6. I was president during the Spanish American War and supported the Open Door Policy but unfortunately I was assassinated . Who am I? ____________________________ 7. I was elected president because the Republican vote was split. During my administration I tried to make “the world safe for democracy”, drafted the Fourteen Points and supported the passage of the 16 th , 17th, 18th, and 19 th amendments. I was very disappointed when the U.S. didn’t join the League of Nations. Can you name me? ____________________________ 8. I was president at the start of the Great Depression many people blamed me for this crisis. Americans criticized me for my belief that charities and local groups should help people in need instead of the government. Who am I? ____________________________________________

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9. I promised a “ return to normalcy ” after World War I my administration was scarred by the Teapot Dome Scandal . Can you name me? ____________________________ 10. I told Americans “ they had nothing to fear but fear itself ” also I promised them a New Deal . I was elected at the start of the Great Depression and used my alphabet agencies to try and help the country out of the depression. I was elected president 4 times during World War II; I unexpectedly died making Harry Truman president. Who am I? ________________________________ 11. During World War II I was promoted to Supreme Allied commander during the 50’s I was elected president. During my administration many important events happened Brown v Broad of Education , Sputnik , and the Korean War ended. I also supported the passage of the Interstate Highway Act of 1956 .My name is ____________________________ 12. I became president during World War II. While president I made many important decisions such as to drop the bomb on Japan to end World War II , stop the spread of communism and aid Western Europe financially with the Marshall Plan . I am? ____________________________ 13. I was the first president from Texas; during my administration I used the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution to escalate the U.S. involvement in Vietnam . My plan for America was called the Great Society . I waged a War on Poverty , supported the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , the Voting Rights Act of 1965 . Name me. _____________________________ 14. I was the first Catholic president. My New Frontier made people hope for a brighter future. During my term in office I faced the Cuban Missile Crisis , made a promise to send a man to the moon and established the Peace Corps . A lone gunman in a building in Dallas, Texas cut my presidency short. Who am I? ____________________________ 15. I became president during the height of the Vietnam War. During my term as president I reduced the number of American soldiers in Vietnam , and introduced Vietnamization . I was the first American president to visit China. My presidency ended in disgrace as I was forced to resign because of the Watergate Scandal. I was accused of ethical wrongdoing but “I am not a crook,” stated _________ ____________________________ 16. As president I sent American troops to the Persian Gulf to stop Saddam Hussein’s invasion of Kuwait. Bill Clinton defeated me in my bid for re-election in 1992. Who am I? ____________________________ 17. I am a movie star turned president. Under my administration I increased military spending in order to bring about and end to the Cold War . I also supported tax cuts for the wealthy called “trickle down” economics or ____________________________ nomics. 18. I am the only man to ever serve as president that was not elected to either the Vice- presidency or presidency. I became president after Richard Nixon resigned; I also pardoned Nixon for any wrong doings. During my term in office the U.S celebrated its 200 th birthday or Bicentennial. I am? ____________________________ 19. “Hi, my name is ____________________________ and I am running for president.” A peanut farmer, from Plains, Georgia made this campaign slogan famous. During his presidency the U.S. gave up control of the Panama Canal , the “Camp David Accords” established a framework for peace in the Middle East . Iranians took 50 Americans as hostages and we boycotted the 1980 Olympics in Moscow because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

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