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Encountering of Cultures
Masao ISHIIFaculty of Humanities & Social Sciences
Mie Univeristy
Cultures in Conflict?
Two contrasting examples from Insular S.E. Asia & Pacific
In Melanesia: Native Fijians and Indo-Fijians
In Borneo: Malays and Kadayans
Sarawak Fiji IslandsSarawak Fiji Islands
In Fiji:Contrasting Two Cultures
The native Melanesian culture and the South Asian culture.
Two cultures encountered in the late 19th century under the British colonial rule.
The Melanesians fear to lose their native land rights following the increase of Indian population.
Two Ethnic Groups of Fiji
775,077
393,575
338,818
42,684
Village Life of Fijians
Conflict between Two GroupsMilitary coup d’etat against Indian “dominated” government in 1987.
Col. Rabuka stayed in power as Prime Minister until General election in 1999.
First Indo-Fijian Prime Minister formed a coalition government in 1999.
In May 2000, the coalition government was overthrown by a militia group of Native Fijians
In Northern Sarawak:Two Similar Cultures
Malays and Kadayans are both under the rule of Brunei Saltanate since 14th century or earlier.
Kadayns and Malays speak almost the same language, and share common customs.
Kadayans were confined to lower status against ruling Brunei Malays.
In Brunei, Kadayans are silently merging into Malays since the colonial days.
Kadayans in Sarawak
In Sarawak under the rule of Brooke, Kadayans enjoyed higher status than their counterpart in Brunei.
Their ethnic identiy is circumstantial.
Ethnic awareness is getting vigorous recently, through carrying out the traditional rituals, and the activities of the Kadayan Ethnic Association.
Kadayans of Sarawak
Conflicts are mostly concentrated in the urban area.
The stereotyped images of the “culture”.
How and why these images are formed ?
Political background and the role of the mass media.
Ethnic Conflicts ?