Enabling Cryogenic Hydrogen-Based CO -free Air Transport ... · International Airlines Group, Lufthansa Technik, Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, MTU Aero Engines, Reaction Engines,

This project has received funding from the EU Horizon 2020 research

and innovation programme under GA n° 769241

Enabling Cryogenic Hydrogen-Based CO2-free Air Transport (ENABLEH2)

9th EASN Conference on Innovation in Aviation and Space3rd – 6th September 2019, Athens, Greece

Dr. Bobby Sethi - ENABLEH2 Project Coordinator

Senior Lecturer in Gas Turbine Combustion and Environmental Impact,

Propulsion Engineering Centre, Cranfield University

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GA no. 769241

• Introduction to the ENABLEH2 project

• ENABLEH2 – strategic Importance

• The case for LH2 for civil aviation

• ENABLEH2 scope

• Proposed roadmap

• ENABLEH2 impact

• ENABLEH2 – EASN

9th EASN Conference on Innovation in Aviation and Space

3rd – 6th September 2019, Athens, Greece2

Contents

20.04.2020

Images courtesy of Riccardo Mazzeo and James Tidd

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GA no. 7692419th EASN Conference on Innovation in Aviation and Space

3rd – 6th September 2019, Athens, Greece320.04.2020

ENABLing CryogEnic Hydrogen-Based CO2-free Air Transport (ENABLEH2)

Cranfield University (coordinators), London South Bank University and Heathrow Airport

Safran and Arttic

Chalmers University and GKN Aerospace

European Hydrogen Association

The ENABLEH2 project is receiving funding from

the European Union H2020 research and

innovation programme under GA no: 769241

Budget: 3,987,681€

Project Duration: September 2018 – August 2021

Project Partners:

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ENABLEH2 Network and Community

Advisory Board:

Confirmed Companies:

Abengoa Innovación, Airbus France, Air Liquide, Dassault, Gexcon,

GKN Aerospace Services Limited, ICAO, IATA, Infosys,

International Airlines Group, Lufthansa Technik, Mitsubishi Hitachi

Power Systems, MTU Aero Engines, Reaction Engines, Rolls-

Royce UK, Safran Aircraft Engines, Siemens, Siemens PLM and

Total

Confirmed Individuals:

Dr. Eric Goodger, Dr. Anthony Jackson, Prof. David Mba, Prof. Riti

Singh

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ENABLEH2 Strategic Importance

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ENABLEH2 Strategic Importance

Disruptive propulsion, aircraft and

electrical technologies to improve

propulsive efficiency and overall airframe

and engine integration

Disruptive propulsion core

technologies for enhancing thermal

efficiency and reducing NOx

LH2 is a key ENABLER for many of

these advanced aircraft, propulsion

system and more electrical disruptive

technologies

CO2,CO , UHC , Soot NOx,

Environmental Impact

+

CO2,CO, UHC, Soot, NOx ,

Energy Efficiency

Environmental Impact

(with appropriate mission management and

LH2 production methods)Images courtesy of NASA and EU H2020 ULTIMATE Project

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LH2 - What About Contrails?

Ref: ICAO Environmental Report (2010) Environmental Branch, International Civil Aviation Organisation,

Montreal, Canada

• Less particulate emissions

• Appropriate mission management

(persistent contrail avoidance trajectories)

• Should we consider less “aggressive”

thermodynamic cycles?

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Hydrogen Micromix CombustionWhy Hydrogen?

No CO/UHC/Soot

Wider stability limits

Leaner combustion

Lower flame

temperature

Lower

thermal NOx

Higher reaction rate

Lower residence time

Higher diffusivity

Faster mixing

Shorter

combustor

No Carbon

Less Luminous

Radiation

Higher burning velocity

Better liner

durability

Ziemann J, Mayr A, Anagnostou A, Suttrop F, Lowe

M, Bagheri SA, et al. Potential use of hydrogen in air

propulsion. EQHHPP, Phase III.0-3. Final report,

submitted to European Union (contract no. 5077-92-

11 EL ISPD).

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Hydrogen Micromix CombustionWhy Micromix?

• Mixing length scale minimised while mixing intensity maximised

• Diffusion flame - reduces risk of flashback

• More flexibility for customised fuel scheduling:

▪ Tailor outlet temperature distribution (without dilution zone)

▪ Control of thermoacoustic instabilities

Funke, Harald H-W., et al. "Development and Testing of a Low NOx Micromix

Combustion Chamber for an Industrial Gas Turbine."

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The Case for LH2 for Civil Aviation

Bio-fuels

(from algae)

Synthetic

Kerosene

Conventional /

FrackingBiomass Synthetic LNG Non-renewable

Renewable /

Nuclear

CO2

Energy Efficiency

NOX

CO and UHC

Soot / Particulates

Water Vapour

Contrails

CO2 emissions

CH4 emissions (leakage)

Long Term Sustainability

Fuel Production Costs

Aircraft Engineering Costs

Airport Integration Costs

Life Cycle Costs

Fuel Production Costs

Aircraft Engineering Costs

Airport Integration Costs

Life Cycle Costs

Key No clear benefit re. Jet-A1

Significant benefit re. Jet-A1

Likely Public Perception of Safety

Inferior to Jet-A1

Indicates greater uncertainty Superior to Jet-A1

Over the Life Cycle

(well to wake)

Effect on Costs relative to Jet-A1

Short-Medium Term

(up to 2050)

Long Term

(beyond 2050)

Effect on Safety relative to Jet-A1

Actual Safety Record in Transportation

Alternative Fuels and

Production Routes

Drop-in replacements LNG LH2

Effect on Emissions relative to Jet-A1

At Mission Level

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ENABLEH2 Project Scope

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ENABLEH2 Technology Evaluation

QFD Down-selection

(for LR and SMR)

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Synergies and Proposed Roadmap

H2 for ground vehicles

GH2 low-power fuel cell

LH2 high-power APU/fuel cell

LH2/LNG for cryo-cooling/APU

Multi-fuel aircraft studies

LNG aircraft

LH2 aircraftENABLEH2

HYCARUS GH2 flight demonstration

ULTIMATE study

1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

B-57 (NACA) flight tests

Fuels used in civil aviation…

Demonstrator?

Relatively small amounts of cryo-fuel are used to facilitate superconducting TeDP

Possible kerosene/bio-fuel/cryofuel or dual cryofuels combinations

Long-term cost-benefit and lowest emissions

Possible medium-term CH4 cost-benefit with reduced emissions

LH2 fuel cells provide ‘zero-emissions’ secondary power

meeting increasing aviation energy demands

Gasoline Kerosene‘Drop-in’

bio-fuel LNG LH2

GH2 fuel cell vehicle fleet expandsBMW ‘Hydrogen7’ LH2 cars

AHEAD

CRYOPLANE

Batteries

Tu-155 flight tests

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GA no. 769241 14

ENABLEH2 - Impact

ENABLEH2 will:

• Develop technologies which will make a substantial contribution to meeting (and even exceeding) many of thevery ambitious environmental targets for civil aviation

• Complement research in other sectors thereby supporting transition towards a hydrogen economy

• Develop technologies and safety practices that may be adopted across a number of sectors (e.g. energy)

• Revitalise enthusiasm in LH2 for civil aviation by:

1. Engaging with key aviation stakeholders and the broader community through the dedicated ENABLEH2N+C tool

2. Alleviating public perception safety concerns about LH2 for civil aviation

3. Demonstrating that the environmental case for LH2 will also be supported by an economic case for LH2

in the long term (particularly in a heightened environmental awareness scenario)

4. Prioritising dissemination:

▪ Dedicated ENABLEH2 sessions during ASME Turbo Expo 2019 and EASN 2019 conferences

▪ Journal publications

▪ Website (www.enableh2.eu) and Social Media (Twitter:@Enableh_2)



http://www.enableh2.eu/

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GA no. 769241 15

ENABLEH2 – EASN Session

Presentation 2: Hydrogen – A Clean Fuel: “Ultra-low NOx Hydrogen Micromix Combustion Systems for LH2-fuelled aircraft”

Presenter – Dr. Xiaoxiao SunResearch Fellow in Hydrogen Micromix Combustion, Cranfield University

Presentation 3: Benefits of ENABLEH2 Numerical and Experimental Hydrogen Micromix Combustion Research for the

Stationary Gas Turbine Industry

Presenter – Prof. Pierre GauthierSenior Combustion Key Expert and Global Technical Focal Point for Combustion CFD – Siemens

Presentation 4: Hydrogen – Enabling a Safe Fuel: “Safety Challenges and Opportunities for LH2-fuelled aircraft and

Supporting Infrastructure”

Presenter – Dr. Claire M. BensonSenior Lecturer – Explosion and Fire Research Group, London South Bank University

Presentation 5: Integration of Cryogenic Hydrogen Fuel and Propulsion Systems for Commercial Aviation

Presenter – Mr. Isak Jonsson PhD student, Chalmers University of Technology

Presentation 6: Hydrogen – A Technically Feasible and Sustainable Fuel: “Technology Evaluation of LH2-Fuelled Aircraft”

Presenter – Dr. Askin T. IsikverenSenior Expert, Advanced Aircraft Concepts and Methods and Senior Group Expert, Integrated Aircraft Systems and Operation, Safran Tech.



This project has received funding from the EU Horizon 2020 research

and innovation programme under GA n° 769241

Thank [email protected]

20.04.2020

The ENABLEH2 project is receiving funding from the

European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and

innovation programme under grant agreement No

769241

Documents

Enabling Cryogenic Hydrogen-Based CO -free Air Transport ... · International Airlines Group, Lufthansa Technik, Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, MTU Aero Engines, Reaction Engines,