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$~ i?~dE l~~~ t . a ' o f l ?W lTopics and Statements)w v d~2aono.rsuiuiiq r i i s ~ i s o ~ ~ d n ~ i ~ ~ ~ l i s o ~ i s o ~ d u ~ l ' ~ ~DIPL~~UO i

&am m u d ~nuG m l c yw ~w v dCO~INuluiiq 0nu6m~lun?o$a~tdu~n"p1w-~uiso~~o.~

Thailand is the "land of smile."

b. Thai economy Thai economy is improving.

c. Thaipe ople Thai people are gentle.

$o$J'gtflo) II . ih7adnq ~fludiuiuvl3auiu-~l2. a'oanu dud.rzTu'on dd.rznoueiiu

w v dI mads-mu ( h h d n d ) + rnnua~q ~6asi~i/u~n'urnaiso~~o.~)

Exercise 1 ' PFor each of the following items, indieate whether it is a topic or a .statement. Write T for a topic and S for a statement.

1. The education in Thailand.2. Water shortage.3. Rice is the main staple in Asia. '4. Freedom for everyon5. Studying a forei6. Some teenagers use

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~&obics a good exercise.Smoking is forbidden in some places.Buddhism in Thailand.Thai food is hot.Ramkhamhaeng UniversityWriting a letter.Political campaignLife is hard.

15. Student activities.

(Fact statements and opinion statements)U Y O A ? ~ U ~ L ~ U U L ~ U ? ~ Y U H Y ~ U Y O ~ D I ~ ~ ~ L ~ ( I U I ~ ~ ~ ~ : I U ~ ~

d d Y~3ads:Iunu~~mqn?7~8m~~unIm~~: I~~I IRR. I&~~F)F)~Q~s : 1 u n n d i u f l u 3 1 dmu7.10i ipd dno5uiu l i i~ui3nisoi i~rdu n i s im mskbnm nTsrsmanu du6uu ' n n ? i u d s : m n d n ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ u " ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ i t ~ u u ' ~ n ? i u d ~ n & n ~ r s ~ n ' u n ? i ~ ~ f ltrue)~Sniimwa~nfalse) f l6

d uds:~unu~rnnnuAr~~unns:Iuadnd7~&nnu8m ~ m u g n a m h nUdfl@;uu dq1~~7~75fi5:~I~m~fl~~j7~fi~~~4~"sil1u'dnisnign;asiN 1 N7~U'U~yunmu8mdu~fi~~~~"sq~d7una'num7u

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I Type of statement I Examples Notes I

OpinionStatement

Fact Statement

I

a. Salt is sweet. I

Ib. There are 60 students in thisclass.

c. Buddhism is important tomost Thai people.

d. Bangkok is the most

f @ d " h h n a ' a 6 9 9 %in2:I J ~ z H ~ J ~ I ~ & Ifalse"9t0uqmTm~lIJms3~aau~indi~ngi i3~u~ ~ 8 l f m ~ d d ~ l n l 1 a n ~ l4 4)38U

~ ~ i u ~ ~ ~ r ~ u u i u s s ~ ubeautiful city is Asia. n'uwmsgiuua~iieirry~nn

e. Tess is an unfortunatecharacter.

Exercise 2

d n r a m b ~ l ~ ~ a a i i u;odkn~iu8muar 6 l - y ~

f. Moneyismoreimportantthan love. 1

For each of the following items, indicate whether it is a fact statement or .

# a n ? i ~ f f f i i ~ u n 3 1 ~ 8 m c f f ~& u i~ n u f i u & ~ ieiuirnu8mmsrn'PafiaJ

an opinion statement. Write F for a fact statement and 0 for opinion. I1. It takes ten hours to go to Chiengrnai by train. 1II\2. Studying a foreign language is very difficult. 13. Some traffic regulations are very old. I4. Water boils when it is heated.

i 5. On high mountain, we can hardly breathe. 16. She looked happy.

160 EN 205

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7. Democracy is the best form of government.8. Teen-age fads is interesting,9. Serious car accident occutfed this morning.

10. One of the most popular subjects of English legend is the Excaliber.

n 1 s c i i c r u d s ~ ~ c r e d i d s ~ ~ ~ 8 n 1 ~Writing Effective Sentences)ds:lumds:nauti?udaudsu'nou 2 Ef?u Zo nindszniu ua:ninn3ui

od~~ls i imulumsluu~~u3n'udo~di~ionisriisurdoua~.jmaiu?anis~Guudsdu~'LH'fluysormiuuu'ulu'~w"u.jwovmrui~mRds:lun$~u~sd~n' iGut. j l~ 'L ~ ~ N W E I ~~n:ui~m~.jds:1und~dau~&nou~furl'3~01iu~n'n13uin~d~l[a$#a; R ~ C ~ L P U~ ~ . j r d ~ u u r ~ ~ ~ d s : ~ u ~ ) ~ 3 i l d ~ ~ds:lu~

a. Larry sat.b, In the third quarter, while his team fought to keep the ball, Larry saton the bench with his hands clenched, hoping for a nod from CoachRiggs.

(Brown : 984, 260)

d3:1~~us$.jR~dd'i:1U~~n'nbg~13n'~ Larry at" ~ra3ids:lun - a LSUt ~ s : ~ u ~ C ( ~ u ~ s n ilsmouniumndsraiu rm:ninuam.j uti5In i1~-1iw dt9u1uuor:dds:lun b l&~ulud-~uuuiudi . j d d

$ a ~ a ia."In the third

b. "while his team fought tokeep the ball"

*

dszinnY W U M ~ ~

Adverb clause

i i aZu ia~ i l f l j i when did this happen? ..

~ilfljlwhat was happening?

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flilfiniw "Lany sat" b r ~ u~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ a ~ d i ~ d s : : ~ u ~ d ~ d s : : ~ n ~ n i w u i

EVERY

Aia4Bu7~

uandi - where did he sit?unnd; - what did he do &~::$ouoisud~nu$nu~ndi what did he want?

#a ~117

C. "on the bench"

d. "with his hands clenched"

e . "hoping for a nod from"Coach Riggs

Here

dsartln

MUM^qwuna8

participlemodifier

HereHereHere

MODIFIER CHANGES

is a suit.is an old suit.is an old suit of armor.is an old suitof armor that has beencrated for shipping.

THE PICTURE.0

(Blumenthal : 966, 377)EN 205

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1. nwudm~ m rmaanui 8~dszh.1~1Expressing ideas in sentences)r m u a n u i i n a i d u u d sdu?r t r iazd5z~sa 1 I l i r~m~rn~Rma~ld

d t 8h s ~ l r l ~ ~ w d ~ I u u d s z ~ s a ~ ~ n u ~ s d s i ~ ~ n ' n ~ a u i n ~ m r ~ ~ i u u~5z1s~dr1sun75rJ 4 U v do z ~ q r t i u u I ~ ~ n I - a u iazcie~basmunu~uI~iauU D U ~ I U O L S ~ Jtopic) 69:d dduurda fi~qsRm&nu~:r8smsiir7 . *duqn'u topic uu rwo~rkiiinmu3mi2~::

rtisua:l:r~l$CiqV 4 d W 3u 'or ru :~ i~un is~ Iuu~~z?~uadd~a~ iuru iu Im~um~u

$ur~u~szmuaaudsz~sadua. Beesb. Fears aboutc. Bee stings

I .2 r ~ u u m ~ r r ~ n ~ r w ' a a ~ u i u r " r a 1 ~ ~ i u n t : ~ ~ u mi a t~m~n2iuRm~ U ? E U ~W $ UdU

a. Bees depend on their stingers for self-defense.b. Fears about bees center on their aggressive behavior.c. Bee stings cause sudden pain and swelling.

~~a:rrivl6%r~u~duKiller bees may invade North America in the next decade.

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Exercise 3Complete each of the following sentences with two different subjects.

Write out two complete sentences.

ExamplesWatching the circus can be an unforgettable experience.Interviewing the Prime Minister can be an unforgettableexperience.

1 ---- are among our useful vehicles.2. - - - - can be prevented.3. - - - aced down the hill.4. ---- may be affordable by all.5. ---- can be dhgerous.6- --- is usually held at this time of the year.7. may be an interesting hobby.8. ---- needs lots of practise and endurance.9. --- may not be difficult.

10- ---- is the cause of air pollution.

Exercise 4Complete each of the following sentences with two different predicates.

Write out two complete sentences.

Examples= - -Food supplement can be healthful.

Food supplement may -be dangerous if not wed properly.

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1. Flood ---2. Typhoon ----3. English Club4. Summ er vacation5. Music6. Planting flowers7. Thai history ---8. poetry -----9. Teen-age fads-

10. Part-time job, .

Exercise 5Rewrite each of the following sentences, substituting s.&cific nouns or

.verbs for the words in bold type.

ExamplesJPeople went into the place.

Firefighters rushed into the factory.

1. An animal cried in the area near the place.-. An insect bit the person. -3. A building is on the street.4. This item comes fromanother'country. , -5. My relative makes articles d lothing.6. Mrs. Robinson walked past the people.7. Most of them went out of the town hall.8. Those people did the performance pb&ly.9. Emily had a new one.

10. ~ e & hings stir up the student body.

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2. ni3durhuaaiads::T~fi (Expanding 'sentences with modifiers)M I ~ X ~ J ~ ~ I C ~ ~ : I ~ R ~ ~ G U U ~ ~ ~ ~ U I BLR:~)UR:LEUAU~~&J %I35

d Ytduhuamad~ & o 7 ~ r ~ u d ~ u a u ~ u l u n 1 ~ d 5 : ~ 7 ~~ ~ d 3 ~ ~ 7 u ~ u m R t t d 6 1 4 n ~ ( i ld vu o n ~ ~ n ~ d ~ u a a r n t n c i i u " u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ d d ~s wiooyd~:lu~n'h

d~urruiu ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ B : ~ ~ ~ J ~ ~ I C ~ ~ ~ U ~ ~ I U ~ ~ :tn:Id4' A'~ ~ ~ u ~ u ~ u ~ Q w I : ~ Q ~ : Q ~ u I ~ ~ um u o 7 ~ 8 : h u r n ~ u d ~ n ~ ~ r ~ d 1 ~

Which? When?What kind? Where? ,How many? To what degree or extent?How? Why?

63eu'iq The house burned. Ila. The frame house burned, (What kind?) IIb. ~ h crame house on State Street burned. (Which one? )I

' c. During the night, the frame house bumed (W hen?)d. Th e frame ho'use bumed to the ground (To what extent?) IIe. Because the flames spread quickly, the house bumed to Ii

the ground, Why?) II(Brown : 984 , 266)

3~fqrnfiwndqr~uRniod7~$7ut;ru~t:~i3ult;rj77~dud?uuux1turid:d7\@.hu

~linunt.r~unduiu d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ m ~ u ~ u ~ r S n 7 ' ~ l d m ~ ~ P d d ~ u u u ~ u ~ ~rn7:wvKIM'~fimfimuauru~~n u d ~r d 7~~~37u au 7u a 'm~~u iu

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Exercise 6Expand each of the following sentences by adding a modifier that answers

the question in parentheses. The modifiers may' be single words, phrases, or clauses.

Examples Mary has to stay home tonight. (why?)because her mother is sick.

1. John could find a less expensive place to stay. (When?)2. Thailand is called "the land of smiles". ,(Why?)3 . The days seem to be longer. (When?)4 . Billy was engaged to a girl. (Which one?)5 . Unemployment may remain at present levels.' For how long?)

, , .6. That is not clear. (What?) /7. Flash flood caused a great tro8. Stars appear to twinkle, wh9. The boy should consult his family. (When?)

10. The economic situation seemed to be critical. (To what extent?)

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Exercise 7 ,Expand each of the following sentences by adding at least two

The modifiers maybe single words, phrases, or clauses.

ExamplesThe lion pawed.The disturbed lion paws at its cage.

1. The boy started to cry.2. The man found his purse.

Safari World is a place.The woman has to stay home.There was a storm.That book is interesting.The concert was great.The professor gave a lecture.The road is narrow.The student wants to make a friend.

modifiers.