Upload
duongdieu
View
228
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Printed on: 06-02-2012 10:04:23
Subject Program
Subject Identification
Organic Unity
Course : [IS] Informática para a Saúde Degree :
Subject/Module : Arquitecturas e Tecnologias dos Computadores Kind : required
Scientific Field : Communication and Information Technologies ECTS : 7
Year : 1º Semester : 2º School Year : 2010/2011
Prerequisites : None
Hours Of Workload
Theory Classes (TC) 45:00
Practical Laboratory (PL) 45:00
Tutorial (T) 5:00
Hours of Autonomous Work 94:00
Horas Totais 189:00
Lecturing Language Portuguese
Lecturers
Main Lecturer : Rui Vasco Guerra Baptista Monteiro
Lecturers
Rui Vasco Guerra Baptista Monteiro
Framework
This introductory subject aims to provide students with broad knowledge regarding PC hardware, focusing on understandingthe operation of a personal computer. In addition, it is intended to provide basic skills in the area of data networks, forstudents acquire knowledge and techniques that will help him to achieve competence in others Course Units.
Objectives/Skills
General
C1 - knowledge of computer systems components and understand how it work.
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
1 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
C2 - Follow the trends of the technology used in computers and their costs.
C3 - Acquire skills in technical specification of computer hardware components according to the budget and the purpose forwhich it is intended.
C4 - Concepts about the OSI and TCP/IP reference models, network devices, wiring, Local Area Networks, network designand IP addressing.
Specific
C1.1 - Basic and medium knowledge regarding computer technology and computer organizations and designs.
C1.2 - Implement assembling operations, setup operations, maintenance operations, expansion operations and mostfrequent upgrades of desktop personal computers.
C1.3 - Develop abilities for: installing operating systems in dual boot (Windows and Linux), performing hard disks partitionsimages, performing basic administration and management of operating systems and understanding the use of operatingsystems from the user and system administration point of view.
C2.1 - Ability to use, in an efficient manner, technical information in order to describe the capabilities of computer hardwarecomponents.
C2.2 - Ability to measure and compare computer performance with the use of benchmark tools.
C3.1 - Evaluation and comparison of technical specifications of computer hardware components
C4.1 - Get solid knowledge of the TCP/IP protocol stack, the communication process and the protocols involved.
C4.2 – Acquire basic skills regarding IPv4 addressing.
C4.3 - Use of active network devices - routers, switches and hubs.
C4.4 – Ability to apply theoretical and practical knowledge in the management of a network infrastructure.
Transversal
C5 - Initiation into the practice of bibliographic research and oral communication.
C6 - Ability to work as a team.
C7 - Ability to study and learn independently.
C8 - Ability to integrate knowledge in several areas.
C9 - Ability to understand English texts.
C10 - Ability to analyze the content of computer hardware datasheets within the context of the autonomous preparation ofLaboratory Projects.
C11 - Ability to produce technical reports within the context of the autonomous preparation of Laboratory Projects.
Contents
Synopsis
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
2 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
Chapter I - Personal Computer (PC) Architecture
Chapter II - Computer Buses
Chapter III - Processors
Chapter IV - Motherboards
Chapter V - Memory
Chapter VI - Data Storage Devices
Chapter VII - Video System
Chapter VIII - RAID Technology
Chapter IX - Benchmark Tools
Chapter X - Specification of Computer Hardware
Chapter XI - Basic concepts about networks
Chapter XII - IP Addressing
Complete
Chapter I - Personal Computer (PC) Architecture
1. Introduction
2. From ENIAC to PC
3. Personal Computer
4. Von Neumann Model
4.1. Central Processing Unit
4.2. Memory Unit
4.3. Input/ Output Devices
4.4. Bus
4.4.1. Definition of Data Transfer Rate
4.4.2. Definition of Bandwidth
5. Functional Division of a Modern PC
6. Physical Components of a Modern PC
6.1. Processor
6.2. Main Memory
6.3. Expansion Boards
6.4. Motherboard
6.5. Chipset
6.6. Clock Signal Generator
7. Processor Microarchitecture
7.1. Definition of Processor Microarchitecture
7.2. Definition of Processor Architecture
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
3 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
7.3. Processor Microarchitecture vs. Processor Architecture
7.4. Types of Processors
- For servers
- For desktops
- For mobile
7.5. Processor Market Profiles
- Performance
- Mainstream
- Value
7.6. Chronological Evolution of Intel Processor Microarchitectures
7.7. Chronological Evolution of AMD Processor Microarchitectures
8. Personal Computer Architecture
8.1. Key Features of the PC Architecture Evolution
8.2. PC Architecture Evolution for Intel Processor Microarchitectures
8.3. PC Architecture Evolution for AMD Processor Microarchitectures
9. PC Architecture Evolution - PC Systems with Intel Processors
9.1. P5 Microarchitecture
9.2. P6 Microarchitecture
9.3. Netburst Microarchitecture
9.4. Core Microarchitecture
9.5. Nehalem Microarchitecture
9.6. Sandy Bridge Microarchitecture
9.7. PC Architectural Diagrams Summary for Intel Processors
10. PC Architecture Evolution - PC Systems with AMD Processors
10.1. K7 Microarchitecture
10.2. K8 Microarchitecture
10.3. K10 Microarchitecture
10.4. PC Architectural Diagrams Summary for AMD Processors
10.5. Fusion APU Bobcat Microarchitecture
10.6. Fusion APU K10/Stars Microarchitecture
10.7. Bulldozer Microarchitecture
11. Chronological Summary of Architecture PC Features Trends
12. PC Architecture Roadmap
Chapter II - Computer Buses
1. Introduction
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
4 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
2. Key Features Buses
2.1. Lane types
2.2. Bus width
2.3. Data cycles per clock
2.4. Bus speed or frequency
2.5. Data Transfer Rate
2.6. Bandwidth
2.7. Bus mastering
2.8. Synchronism
3. Personal Computer Bus Types
3.1. Criteria for bus classification
3.2. Buses Range
- System Bus
- Expansion Bus
- Input/ Output Bus
4. System Bus
4.1. CPU-Caches Bus
4.2. CPU-Chipset Bus
4.2.1. FSB Parallel Bus
4.2.2. QPI Serial Bus
4.2.3. DMI Serial Bus
4.2.4. HyperTransport Serial Bus
4.2.5. UMI Serial Bus
4.3. Main Memory Bus
5. Expansion Bus
5.1. PC Bus
5.2. 16 bit ISA
5.3. MCA
5.4. EISA
5.5. VESA local bus
5.6. PCI
5.7. PCI-X
5.8. AGP
5.9. Chipset Northbridge-Southbridge Bus
5.10. PCI Express
6. Input/ Output Bus
6.1. PATA
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
5 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
6.2. SATA
6.3. SCSI
6.4. USB
6.5. IEEE 1394 or FireWire
6.6. Thunderbolt
Chapter III. Processors
1. Introduction
2. Basic processor operation concepts
2.1. Processor Architecture
2.2. Processor Microarchitecture
2.3. Processor Microarchitecture vs. Processor Architecture
2.4. Processor and Von Neumann Model
2.5. Basic structure of the Processor
2.6. Computer Program
2.7. Programming Languages
2.8. Source Code vs. Machine Code
2.9. Compiled Programs vs. Interpreted Programs
2.10. Processor Basic Operation
3. Instruction Execution Mechanisms
3.1. Instruction Set Models
3.2.1. Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)
3.2.2. Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)
3.2.3. Post-RISC
3.2. Programming Model
3.2.1. ALU
3.2.2. Registers
3.2.3. Input/ Output Unit
3.2.4. Control Unit
3.3. Types of Instructions
3.3.1. Data Transfer Instructions
3.3.2. Data Manipulation Instructions
3.3.3. Control Program Instructions
3.4. The Lifecycle of an Instruction
3.5. Instruction Stages
3.5.1. Fetch Stage
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
6 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
3.5.2. Decode Stage
3.5.3. Execute Stage
3.5.4. Write Stage
3.6. Register File
3.7. Execution Units
3.7.1. Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU)
3.7.2. Floating Point Unit (FLU)
3.7.3. Load-Store Unit (LSU)
3.7.4. Branch Execution Unit (BEU)
3.8. Processor’s basic instruction flow
3.9. Pipelined Execution
3.10. Superscalar Execution
3.11. Pipelined Execution Structural Hazards and Superscalar Execution Structural Hazards
3.11.1. Structural Hazards
3.11.2. Control Hazards
3.11.3. Data Hazards
3.12.Register Renaming
4. Processor Manufacturing Process
5. Processor Evolution Major Features
6. x86 Processors Taxonomy
6.1. Purpose
6.2. Registers
6.3. Generations
6.4. Microarchitectures
7. 4 and 8 bit Intel Processors
7.1. 4 bit Processor - 4004 Processor
7.2. 8 bit Processors
- 8008 and 8080 Processors
8. 16 bit Intel Processors
8.1. 8086 Microarchitecture
- 8086 and 8088 Processors
8.2. 186 Microarchitecture - 80186
8.3. 286 Microarchitecture - 80286
9. 32 bit Intel Processors – i386 Microarchitecture
9.1. Microarchitecture Key Features
9.2. Main Microarchitecture Processors
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
7 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
- 80386DX and 80386SX Processors
10. 32 bit Intel Processors - i486 Microarchitecture
10.1. Microarchitecture Key Features
10.2. Main Microarchitecture Processors
- 80486DX, 80486SX, 80486DX2 and 80486DX4 Processors
11. 32 bit Intel Processors- P5 Microarchitecture
11.1. Microarchitecture Key Features
11.2. Microarchitecture Block Diagram
11.3. Main Microarchitecture Processors
- Pentium P5, Pentium P54C and Pentium MMX Processors
12. 32 bit Intel Processors – P6 Microarchitecture
12.1. Microarchitecture Key Features
12.2. Microarchitecture Block Diagram
12.3. Main Microarchitecture Processors
- Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium II Xeon, Pentium III, Pentium III Xeon, Celeron Covington, CeleronMendocino, Celeron Coppermine and Celeron Tualatin Processors
13. 32 bit Intel Processors - NetBurst Microarchitecture
13.1. Microarchitecture Key Features
13.2. Microarchitecture Block Diagram
13.3. Main Microarchitecture Processors
- Pentium 4 Willamette, Pentium 4 Northwood, Xeon, Celeron Willamette and Celeron Northwood Processors
14. 32 bit AMD Processors – K5 Microarchitecture
14.1. Microarchitecture Key Features
14.2. Microarchitecture Block Diagram
14.3. K5 Processor
15. 32 bit AMD Processors – K6 Microarchitecture
15.1. Microarchitecture Key Features
15.2. Microarchitecture Block Diagram
15.3. Main Microarchitecture Processors
- K6, K6-2 and K6-III Processors
16. 32 bit AMD Processors – K7 Microarchitecture
16.1. Microarchitecture Key Features
16.2. Microarchitecture Block Diagram
16.3. Main Microarchitecture Processors
- Athlon K7, Athlon K75, Athlon Thunderbird, Athlon XP Palomino, Athlon XP Thoroughbred, Athlon XP Barton,Duron Spitfire, Duron Morgan and Sempron Processors
17. 64 bit Intel Processors (IA-64) – Merced and McKinley Microarchitectures
17.1. Microarchitecture Key Features
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
8 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
17.2. Main Microarchitecture Processors
- Itanium and Itanium 2 Processors
18. 32/64 bit Intel Processors Intel (IA-32/x86-64) – NetBurst Microarchitecture
18.1. Microarchitecture Key Features
18.2. Main Microarchitecture Processors
- Pentium 4 (Prescott, Prescott-2M and Cedar Mill), Pentium 4 Extreme Edition (Gallatin and Prescott-2M),Pentium D (Smithfield and Presler) , Pentium Extreme Edition (Smithfield and Presler) and Celeron D (Prescott-256 and CedarMill-512) Processors
19. 32 bit Intel Processors (IA-32) – Mobile Microarchitecture
19.1. Microarchitecture Key Features
19.2. Microarchitecture Block Diagram
19.3. Main Microarchitecture Processors
- Pentium M (Banias and Dothan), Core Solo (Yonah), Core Duo (Yonah) and Celeron M (Banias-512, Dothan-1M,Dothan-512 and Yonah) Processors
20. 64 bit Intel Processors (x86-64) - Core Microarchitecture
20.1. Microarchitecture Key Features
20.2. Microarchitecture Block Diagram
20.3. Main Microarchitecture Processors
- Core 2 Duo (Allendale, Conroe, Wolfdale, Merom and Penryn), Core 2 Solo (Penryn), Core 2 Quad (Kentsfield,Yorkfield and Penryn), Core 2 Extreme (Conroe XE, Kentsfield XE, Yorkfield XE, Merom and Penryn), Pentium Dual-Core(Conroe, Wolfdale, Merom and Penryn), Celeron Dual-Core (Allendale, Wolfdale-3M, Merom and Penryn) and Celeron M(Merom and Penryn) Processors
20.4. Summary of Mobile and Core Microarchitectures
21. Intel Microarchitectures Evolution and the Tick-Tock Model
21.1. Adopted Strategy for Development of new Microarchitectures
21.2. Tick-Tock Model
21.3. Tick-Tock Model Future Evolution
22. 64 bit Intel Processors (x86-64) – Nehalem Microarchitecture
22.1. Microarchitecture Key Features
22.2. Microarchitecture Block Diagram
22.3. Main Microarchitecture Processors
- Desktop Core i7 (Bloomfield, Lynnfield and Gulftown), Desktop Core i5 (Lynnfield and Clarkdale), Desktop Corei3 (Clarkdale) and Desktop Pentium Series G6xxx (Clarkdale) Processors
- Mobile Core i7 (Clarksfield and Arrandale), Mobile Core i5 and Mobile Core i3 (Arrandale) Processors
23. Sandy Bridge Microarchitecture
23.1. Microarchitecture Key Features
23.2. Microarchitecture Block Diagram
23.3. Main Microarchitecture Processors
- Desktop and Mobile Core i7-2xxx, Desktop and Mobile Core i5-2xxx and Desktop and Mobile Core i3-2xxx
24. Intel Processors Market Strategy
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
9 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
24.1. Desktop Intel Processors
24.2. Mobile Intel Processors
25. Intel Processors Roadmap
26. 64 bit AMD Processors (x86-64) - K8 (Hammer) Microarchitecture
26.1. Microarchitecture Key Features
26.2. Microarchitecture Block Diagram
26.3. Single-core Processors
- Opteron (Sledgehammer), Athlon 64 (Clawhammer, Newcastle, Venice, Winchester, San Diego, Manchester,Toledo, Orleans and Lima), Athlon 64 FX (Sledgehammer, Clawhammer and San Diego) and Sempron 64 (Paris, Palermo,Manila and Sparta)
26.4. Dual-core Processors
- Athlon 64 X2 (Manchester, Toledo, Windsor and Brisbane), Athlon 64 FX (Toledo and Windsor) and Sempron X2(Brisbane)
27. 64 bit AMD Processors (x86-64) - K10 (Barcelona) Microarchitecture
27.1. Microarchitecture Key Features
27.2. Microarchitecture Block Diagram
27.3. AMD Processors Renaming
27.4. 65nm Processors
- Phenom X4 - Agena, Phenom X3 - Toliman and Athlon X2 - Kuma
27.5. 45nm Processors
- Phenom II X4 - Deneb, Phenom II X3 - Heka, Phenom II X2 - Callisto, Phenom II X6 – Thuban, Phenom II X4 –Zosma, Athlon II X2 – Regor, Athlon II X4 - Propus, Athlon II X3 - Rana and Sempron Series 100 - Sargas
28. AMD Fusion APU
28.1. Fusion Project Key Features
28.2. Main AMD Fusion APU
- G-Series (Ontario and Zacate), Z-Series (Desna), C-Series (Ontario), E-Series (Zacate) and A-Series (Llano)
28.3. AMD Fusion APU Microarchitectures
28.3.1. Bobcat Microarchitecture
- Ontario APU (C-Series AMD) and Zacate APU (E-Series AMD)
28.3.2. K10/Stars Microarchitecture Improvement
- Llano APU (A-Series AMD)
29. AMD Processors Market Strategy
29.1. AMD Platform until 2010
29.1.1. Servers Processors
29.1.2. Desktops Processors
29.1.3. Mobile Processors
29.2. Desktop AMD Processors for 2011
29.2.1. Brazos Platform
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
10 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
- C-Series APU (Ontario) and E-Series APU (Zacate)
29.2.2. Lynx Platform
- A-Series APU (Llano)
29.2.3. Scorpius Platform
- FX-Series CPU (Zambezi)
29.3. Mobile AMD Processors for 2011
29.3.1. Brazos Platform
- C-Series APU (Ontario) and E-Series APU (Zacate)
29.3.2. Sabine Platform
- A-Series APU (Llano)
30. 64 bit AMD APU (x86-64) - Bobcat Microarchitecture
30.1. Microarchitecture Block Diagram
30.2. Microarchitecture Key Features
30.3. Main Microarchitecture APU
- Ontario (C-Series APU) and Zacate (E-Series APU)
31. 64 bit AMD APU (x86-64) - K10/Stars Microarchitecture
31.1. Microarchitecture Block Diagram
31.2. Microarchitecture Key Features
31.3. Main Microarchitecture APU
- Llano (A-Series APU)
32. 64 bit AMD Processors (x86-64) - Bulldozer Microarchitecture
32.1. Microarchitecture Key Features
32.2. Microarchitecture Block Diagram
32.3. Main Microarchitecture Processors
- Zambezi AMD CPU - FX-8xxx Series, Zambezi AMD CPU - FX-6xxx Series and Zambezi AMD CPU - FX-4xxxSeries
33. AMD Processors Roadmap
Chapter IV. Motherboards
1. Introduction
2. Motherboards Role
2.1. Chipset
2.2. BIOS
2.3. UEFI
3. Motherboard Generic Framework
3.1. Processor Connector
- Processor Connector Evolution
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
11 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
3.2. Memory Modules Connectors
- Memory Modules Connectors Evolution
3.3. Slots
- Slots Evolution
3.4. Power Connectors
3.5. Floppy Drive Connectors
3.6. PATA Devices Connectors
3.7. SATA Devices Connectors
3.8. Rear Panel Connectors
3.9. Chipset
3.10. Jumpers and DIP Switches
3.11. Others components
3.12. BIOS
4. Case
4.1. Case Function
4.2. Case Form Factors
4.2.1. Desktop
4.2.2. Slim Desktop
4.2.3. Tower
4.3. Main Case Standards
4.3.1. AT Format
4.3.2. Baby AT (BAT) Format
4.3.3. ATX Format
4.3.4. MicroATX Format
4.3.5. LPX Format
5. Power Supply Unit
5.1. Power Supply Role
5.2. Main Power Supply Form Factors
5.2.1. AT Power Supply
5.2.2. ATX Power Supply
5.2.3. ATX12V Power Supply
5.2.4. EPS12V Power Supply
5.3. Power Supply Connectors
5.3.1. AT Connectors - P8 and P9
5.3.2. 20 pin ATX Power Connector
5.3.3. 24 pin ATX Power Connector
5.3.4. 20 + 4pin ATX Power Connector
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
12 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
5.3.5. 4 pin ATX12V Power Connector
5.3.6. 8 pin EPS12V Power Connector
5.3.7. 2 x 4 pin ATX12V Power Connector
5.3.8. 6 pin Auxiliary Power Connector
5.3.9. Floppy Drive Power Connector
5.3.10. IDE/PATA Devices Power Connector
5.3.11. SATA Devices Power Connector
5.3.12. 6 pin PCI Express Connector
5.3.13. 8 pin PCI Express Connector
5.3.14. 6 +2 pin PCI Express Connector
5.4. Evolution of Power Supplies
6. Main Motherboards Form Factors
6.1. AT Form Factor
6.2. Baby AT (BAT) Form Factor
6.3. ATX Form Factor
6.4. MicroATX Form Factor
7. Evolution of Motherboards which support both Intel and AMD Processors
7.1. 80386 Processor supported
7.2. Socket 3 supported
7.3. Socket 5 supported
7.4. Socket 7 supported
8. Evolution of Motherboards which support Intel Processors
8.1. Slot 1 supported
8.2. Socket 370 supported
8.3. Socket 423 supported
8.4. Socket 478 supported
8.5. Socket 775 supported
8.6. Socket 1366 supported
8.7. Socket 1156 supported
8.8. Socket 1155 supported
9. Evolution of Motherboards which support AMD Processors
9.1. Slot A supported
9.2. Socket A supported
9.3. Socket 754 supported
9.4. Socket 940 supported
9.5. Socket 939 supported
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
13 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
9.6. Socket AM2 supported
9.7. Socket AM2+ supported
9.8. Socket AM3 supported
9.9. Socket FT1 supported
9.10. Socket FM1 supported
9.11. Socket AM3+ supported
Chapter V. Memory
1. Introduction
2. Memory Hierarchy
3. Memory Function
3.1. Cache Memory
3.2. Main Memory
3.3. Secondary Memory
3.4. Virtual Memory
4. Memory Features
5. Error Correcting and Detection
5.1. Parity
5.2. Error Correcting Code (ECC)
6. Information Storage
7. Types of Memory
7.1. ROM Memories
- PROM Memories
- EPROM Memories
- EEPROM Memories
- Flash ROM
7.2. RAM Memories
- Static RAM (SRAM) Memory
- Dynamic RAM (DRAM) Memory
8. SRAM Memory
8.1. SRAM Memory Structure
8.2. SRAM Memory Technologies
8.3. Example of SRAM Memory Chip
8.4. SRAM Memory Read Operation/ Write Operation
9. DRAM Memory
9.1. DRAM Memory Structure
9.2. DRAM Memory Physical Appearance
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
14 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
- Example of DRAM Memory Chip
9.3. Conceptual Model of DRAM Memory Chip
9.4. DRAM Memory Access
- Read operation
9.5. DRAM Memory Refresh
9.6. 1 bit Memory Cell vs. 1 byte Memory Cell
- Concept of Memory Module
9.7. Memory Banks
9.8. Types of Memory Modules
- 30 pin SIMM
- 72 pin SIMM
- 168 pin DIMM
- 184 pin DIMM
- 240 pin DIMM
9.9. Chip Packaging used in Memory Modules
- DIP (Dual Inline Package)
- SOJ (Small Outline J-Lead)
- TSOP (Thin Small Outline Package)
- FBGA (Fine Pitch Ball Grid Array)
10. DRAM Memory Technologies
10.1. Memory Evolution Summary
10.2. Asynchronous Memory
10.3. Synchronous Memory
11. Asynchronous DRAM Memory
11.1. Timings
11.2. Types of Asynchronous Memory Technology
11.2.1. Conventional DRAM
11.2.2. FPM (Fast Page Mode) DRAM
11.2.3. EDO (Extended Data Out) DRAM
11.2.4. BEDO (Burst EDO) DRAM
12. Synchronous DRAM Memory
12.1. Synchronous Memory Concept
12.2. Commands used by Synchronous Memory
12.3. Steps in Synchronous Memory Access
12.4. Timings
12.5. Types of Synchronous Memory Module Packaging
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
15 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
12.6. Enhanced Concept of Memory Bank
12.7. Chip Organization and Modules Organization
12.8. Multiples Memory Banks
12.9. Types of Synchronous Memory Modules
- Unbuferred
- Registered
12.10. Types of Synchronous Memory Chip
- Stacking chips
12.11. Types of Synchronous Memory Technology
- SDR SDRAM Memory
- DDR SDRAM Memory
- DDR2 SDRAM Memory
- DDR3 SDRAM Memory
13. Synchronous Memory Technologies - SDR SDRAM Memory
13.1. Types of SDR SDRAM Memory Modules
13.1.1. PC66 SDRAM
13.1.2. PC100 SDRAM
13.1.3. PC133 SDRAM
13.2. Key Features of SDR SDRAM Module
13.3. Examples of SDR SDRAM Memory Module
13.4. Components of Memory Module
13.5. Speed of Memory Module
14. Synchronous Memory Technologies - DDR SDRAM Memory
14.1. Components of Memory Module
14.2. Key Features of DDR SDRAM Module
14.3. Types of DDR Memory Modules
14.4. Concept of Memory Rank
- Memory Bank vs. Memory Rank
14.5. Examples of DDR Memory Module
14.6. Bandwidths
14.7. DDR SDRAM vs. SDR SDRAM
14.8. Dual Channel vs. Single Channel
14.9. Serial Presence Detect (SPD)
15. Synchronous Memory Technologies - DDR2 SDRAM Memory
15.1. Key Features of DDR2 Module
15.2. Components of DDR2 Memory Module
15.3. DDR2 Memory Modules
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
16 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
15.4. DDR2 Memory Modules vs. DDR Memory Modules
15.5. DDR2 CAS Latency
15.6. DDR2 S Single Channel Mode vs. DDR Dual Channel Mode
15.7. Types of DDR2 Memory Modules
15.8. Examples of DDR2 Memory Module
16. Synchronous Memory Technologies – DDR3 SDRAM Memory
16.1. Key Features of DDR3 Module
16.2. DDR3 Memory vs. DDR3L Memory
16.3. Components of DDR3 Memory Module
16.4. DDR3 Memory Modules
16.5. DDR3 Improvements
16.6. Types of DDR3 Memory Modules
16.7. Examples of DDR3 Memory Module
16.8. DDR3 Modules vs. DDR2 Modules vs. DDR Modules
16.9. Extreme Memory Profile (XMP)
17. Synchronous Memory Technologies - Mobile SDRAM Memory
17.1. Key Features
17.2. Types of Memory
17.2.1. Mobile SDR
17.2.2. Low Power DDR (LPDDR)
17.2.3. Low Power DDR2 (LPDDR2)
18. Memory Packaging
18.1. Dual Inline Package (DIP)
18.2. 30 pin Single Inline Memory Module (SIMM)
18.3. 72 pin SIMM
18.4. 168 pin Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM)
18.5. 184 pin DIMM
18.6. 240 pin DIMM
18.7. SO-DIMM
19. Memory Evolution and Future
19.1. Summary of SDRAM Memory Evolution
19.2. Memory Roadmap
19.2.1. DDR4 SDRAM Memory
19.2.2. LPDDR3 Memory vs. WideIO Memory
Chapter VI. Data Storage Devices
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
17 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
1. Introduction
2. Magnetic Dives
2.1. Hard Disks
2.1.1. Components
2.1.2. Data Codification
2.1.3. Head Actuator Mechanism
2.1.4. CHS Geometry of Hard Disks
- Heads
- Cylinders and Tracks
- Sectors by Track
2.1.5. Types of Hard Disks and Auto Detection
2.1.6. Addressing Modes
- CHS Mode
- Large ou ECHS Mode
- LBA Mode
2.1.7. Methods to Address Sectors
- CHS Mode
- LBA Mode
2.1.8. BIOS Commands vs. ATA Commands
2.1.9. Evolution of Address Modes and ATA Drive Capacity Limitations
- CHS Mode - the 528 MB Barrier
- Bit-shift Geometric CHS Translation (ECHS Mode) - 8.4 GB Barrier
- LBA-assist Geometric CHS Translation - 8.42 GB Barrier
- Pure LBA – From 137 GB to 144 PB Barrier
2.1.10. Key Features of Hard Disks
2.1.11. Evolution of Hard Disks
2.2. Floppy Drive and Zip Drives
3. Optical Drives
3.1. CD
3.1.1. CD Construction and Technology
3.1.2. CD Formats
- CD-DA (CD Digital Audio), CD-ROM, CD-R and CD-RW
3.1.3. Write and Read Speed
3.1.4. CD Capacity
3.2. DVD
3.2.1. DVD Construction and Technology
3.2.2. DVD vs. CD
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
18 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
3.2.3. DVD Capacity and DVD Record Time
3.2.4. Profiles of DVD Physical Formats
3.2.5. DVD Formats
- DVD-ROM, DVD-Video, DVD-Audio, DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-RW, DVD+RW and DVD-RAM
3.2.6. Read and Write Speed
3.3. HD DVD
3.3.1. HD DVD History
3.3.2. Key Features of HD DVD
3.4. Blu-Ray Disc (BD)
3.4.1. BD History
3.4.2. Key Features of BD
3.4.3. Blu-Ray vs. DVD
3.4.4. BD - How it works
3.4.5. BD Layers
3.4.6. BD Layers vs. DVD Layers vs. CD Layers
3.4.7. BD Write/Read Speed vs. DVD Write/Read Speed vs. CD Write/Read Speed
3.4.8. BD Storage Capacity
3.4.9. Blu-Ray Key Features vs. HD DVD Key Features vs.e DVD Key Features
4. Magneto-Optical Drives
5. Flash Memory Devices
5.1. Proprieties of Flash Memory
5.2. Flash Memory Technologies
5.3. Memory Flash Devices vs. Magnetic Devices
5.4. Data Reliability in Flash Memory Devices
5.5. USB Flash Drives
5.5.1. Key Features
5.5.2. Storage Capabilities
5.6. Solid State Disks (SSD)
5.6.1. Construction
5.6.2. Types of Flash Memory Chips
5.6.3. Pages and Blocks
5.6.4. Access Time
5.6.5. Bandwidth
5.6.6. SSD Advantages
5.6.7. SSD Disadvantages
5.6.8. SSD vs. HDD
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
19 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
5.6.9. SSD Prices
5.6.10. TRIM Command
5.6.11. SSD Optimization
5.6.12. Some Examples of SSD Storage
5.7. Types of Memory Cards
Chapter VII. Video System
1. Introduction
2. Video System Operation
3. Concepts
3.1. Pixel
3.2. Spatial Resolution
3.3. Chromatic Resolution
3.4. Colour Depth
3.5. Video Modes
3.6. Refresh Rate
4. Video Adapters
4.1. Video Adapters Role
4.2. Video Adapters Standards
4.3. Types of Video Adapters
4.4. Main Components of Video Adapter
4.4.1. Video BIOS
4.4.2. Graphic Processor
4.4.3. Video Memory
4.4.4. RAMDAC
4.5. Video Adapter Interfaces
4.5.1. System Interface
- PCI, AGP and PCI Express
4.5.2. Display Interface
- VGA, DVI, HDMI and DisplayPort
4.6. Video Adapters Evolution
5. CRT Monitors
5.1. Operation of CRT Monitors
5.2. Types of CRT Monitors
5.2.1. Monochromatic
5.2.2. Polychromatic
5.3. Dot vs. Pixel
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
20 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
5.4. Technologies used to Manufacture CRT
5.4.1. Shadow Mask
5.4.2. Aperture Grille
5.5. Display Specifications
5.5.1. Display Size
5.5.2. Resolution Supported
5.5.3. Aspect Ratio
5.5.4. Vertical Refresh Rate
5.5.5. Horizontal Refresh Rate
5.5.6. Bandwidth
5.5.7. Dot Pitch vs. Stripe Pitch
6. LCD Monitors
6.1. LCD Monitors Operation
6.2. Types of LCD Monitors Technology
6.2.1. Passive Matrix
6.2.2. Active Matrix
6.3. Pixel Pitch
6.4. LCD Monitors Interface
6.5. CRT Monitors Advantages and Disadvantages vs. LCD Monitors Advantages and Disadvantages
Chapter VIII. RAID Technology
1. RAID Technology - How it works
2. RAID Technology History
3. RAID Technology Levels
3.1. RAID Level 0 - Striping
3.2. RAID Level 1 - Mirroring
3.3. RAID Level 0+1
3.4. RAID Level 1+0
3.5. RAID Level 3
3.6. RAID Level 5
3.7. JBOD
4. Failure Response
5. Modes of RAID Technology Implementation
5.1. By Software
5.2. By Firmware/Drivers
5.3. By Hardware
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
21 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
6. Summary of RAID Levels Features
Chapter IX. Benchmark Tools
1. Introduction
2. Issues in Benchmark Tools
3. Concept of Benchmark
4. Utility of Benchmark Tools
5. Types of Benchmarks
5.1. Synthetic Benchmarks
5.1.1. Advantages
5.1.2. Disadvantages
5.2. Real Program
5.2.1. Advantages
5.2.2. Disadvantages
6. Examples of Benchmarks Tools
6.1. Bytemark
6.2. SiSoftware Sandra
6.3. Winstone
6.4. SPEC
7. Main SiSoftware Sandra Benchmarks
7.1. Processor Arithmetic
7.2. Processor Multi-Media
7.3. Multi-Core Efficiency
7.4. Memory Bandwidth
7.5. Cache & Memory
7.6. Memory Latency
Chapter X. Specification of Computer Hardware
1. PC Purchase
2. PC Assembly
3. PC Purchase with Component Specification
4. PC Upgrade
5. Classification of Hardware Components
6. Selection of Hardware Components
6.1. Case
6.2. Motherboard
6.3. Processor
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
22 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
6.4. Main Memory
6.5. Video System
- Video Adapter and Monitor
6.6. Video Adapter
6.7. Monitor
6.8. Hard Disk
6.9. Optical Drives
7. Specification of Personal Computer Hardware
7.1. Strategy Specification
7.1.1. Identification of Minimal Requirements
7.1.2. Base Specification
7.1.3. Analysis and Evaluation of Proposals
8. Examples of Computer Hardware Ranges
8.1. Performance
8.2. Mainstream
8.3. Value
Chapter XI. Basic concepts about networks
1. Introduction to Data Networks
1.1. Definition of Data Network
1.2. Networks Classification
1.2.1. LAN - Local Area Network
1.2.2. MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
1.2.3. WAN - Wide Area Network
1.3. Network Advantages
1.4. Network Disadvantages
1.5. Network Components
1.6. Communication Modes
1.7. Types of Traffic
1.7.1. Voice
1.7.2. Data
1.8. Circuit Switching versus Packet Switching
1.8.1. Circuit Switching
- Advantages
- Disadvantages
1.8.2. Packet Switching
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
23 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
- Advantages
- Disadvantages
- Datagram Mode
- Virtual Circuit Mode
1.9. Network Architecture
1.9.1. Layer
1.9.2. Protocol
1.9.3. Interface
2. The OSI Model
2.1. Layers
2.2.1 Physical
2.2.2 Data Link
- Physical Address - MAC address
2.2.3 Network
- Logical Address - IP address
2.2.4 Transport
2.2.5 Session
2.2.6 Presentation
2.2.7 Application
2.2. Host Layers vs. Network Layers
2.3. Layer Functions
2.4. Data Encapsulation
2.5. Peer-to-Peer Communication
2.6. Network Devices by Layers
3. The TCP/IP Model
3.1. Model Function
3.2. Description of the TCP/IP Model
3.2.1 Application Layer
- Principles of Application Layer Protocols
- HTTP and FTP Protocols
- Electronic Mail Protocols
- DNS Protocol
- DHCP Protocol
3.2.2 Transport Layer
- Transport-Layer Services and Principles
- Connectionless Transport - UDP Protocol
- Principles of Reliable Data Transfer
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
24 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
- Connection-Oriented Transport - TCP Protocol
3.2.3 Network Layer
- Internet Protocol – IP Protocol
- Network Service Models
3.2.4 Data link Layer
- Media Access
- Topologies
3.3. TCP/IP Model versus OSI Model
4. Network Devices
4.1. Hubs
4.2. Bridges
4.3. Switches
4.4. Routers
5. Topologies
5.1. Bus
5.2. Star
5.3. Extended Star
6. Physical Means of Transmission
6.1. Copper
6.1.1. Coaxial Cable
6.1.2. UTP Cable
6.1.3. STP Cable
6.2. Optical Fiber
Chapter XII. IP Addressing
1. Introduction
2. IPv4 address structure
3. Binary-decimal and decimal-binary conversion
4. Address for different purposes
5. Address assignment
6. IPv4 addresses classification
7. Subnet address e subnet masks
8. Address and subnets calculations
9. Practical examples
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
25 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
Demonstration of the coherence of the contents with the objectives/skills of the subject
The syllabus was designed to contribute to the acquisition of skills and objectives as follows:
Chapter I - Personal Computer (PC) Architecture (C1, C1.1, C2, C4)
Chapter II - Computer Buses (C1, C1.1, C2, C4)
Chapter III - Processors (C1, C1.1, C2, C4)
Chapter IV - Motherboards (C1, C1.1, C2, C4)
Chapter V - Memory (C1, C1.1, C2, C4)
Chapter VI - Data Storage Devices (C1, C1.1, C2, C4)
Chapter VII - Video System (C1, C1.1, C2, C4)
Chapter VIII - RAID Technology (C1, C1.1, C2, C4)
Chapter IX - Benchmark Tools (C1, C1.1, C2, C3.1, C4)
Chapter X - Specification of Computer Hardware (C1, C1.2, C2, C3, C4)
Chapter XI - Concepts about Networks (C1, C1.1, C2, C4)
Chapter XII - IP Addressing (C1, C1.1, C2, C4)
Teaching/Learning Methodology
Contact and Autonomous
The learning methodology is developed through the following components:
Classroom
1. Theoretical Classes
1.1 Presentation and exposition of the syllabus contents related with technology used by computer and network systems
1.2 Examples of technology implementation to real computer and network systems
1.3 Examples and exercise resolution to consolidate concepts related with IP addressing, occasionally using real scenarios ofcomputer networks
2. Practical and Laboratory Classes
2.1 Advice and guidance of students in the bibliographic research work
2.2 Handling and identification of components used by computers
2.3 Use, handling and identification of network cables and active network equipments
2.4 Achievement of 10 assembling laboratory projects (practical assignment), setup, identification, test and evaluation ofcomputer and networking technology, with the drafting of reports
3. Tutorial Orientation
3.1 Tutorials in small groups to aid the learning process and clarify any doubts
3.2 Provide an opportunity for students to exchange ideas with their tutors, about the bibliographic research work
3.3 Advice and guidance within the context of the autonomous preparation of laboratory projects.
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
26 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
Autonomous Learning
1. Study
1.1 Reading of books, notes, excerpts and assessment tests from the course recommended reading list
1.2 Assessment tests resolution
1.3 Preparation of practical laboratory work
1.4 Resolution of extra exercises about IP addressing
2. E-learning
2.1 Usage of studying elements made available by the teachers
Specific Resources
1. Theoretical classes- regular classroom with a multimedia projector
2. Practical and laboratory - hardware laboratory and network laboratory
3. Tutorial - teacher's office, regular classroom or hardware laboratory
4. Specific Hardware – cases, power supplies, motherboards, processors, memory modules, video adapters, magnetic harddisks, CD-ROM readers, DVD readers, network interface cards, floppy drives, monitors, routers, hubs, switches
5. Web platform for educational contents (Moodle)
Demonstration of the coherence of the teaching/learning methodology with the objectives/skills of the subject
The teaching methods used were defined in order to contribute to the competencies set for the course as follows:
Classroom
1. Theoretical Classes
1.1 Presentation and exposition of the syllabus contents related with technology used by computer and network systems(C1, C1.1, C2, C2.1, C3, C4, C4.1, C4.2)
1.2 Examples of technology implementation to real computer and network systems (C1, C1.1, C2, C2.1, C3, C4, C4.1, C4.2)
1.3 Examples and exercise resolution to consolidate concepts related with IP addressing, occasionally using real scenarios ofcomputer networks (C4, C4.1, C4.2, C4.4)
2. Practical and Laboratory Classes
2.1 Advice and guidance of students in the bibliographic research work (C5, C6, C8, C9)
2.2 Handling and identification of components used by computers (C1.1, C1.2, C2.1)
2.3 Use, handling and identification of network cables and active network equipments (C2.1, C4.1, C4.3, C4.4)
2.4 Achievement of 10 assembling laboratory projects (practical assignment), setup, identification, test and evaluation ofcomputer and networking technology, with the drafting of reports (C1.1, C1.2, C1.3, C2.1, C2.2, C3.1, C4.1, C8, C9)
3. Tutorial Orientation
3.1 Tutorials in small groups to aid the learning process and clarify any doubts (C7, C8, C9)
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
27 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
3.2 Provide an opportunity for students to exchange ideas with their tutors, about the bibliographic research work (C5, C6,C7, C8, C9)
3.3 Advice and guidance within the context of the autonomous preparation of laboratory projects (C6, C7, C10, C11)
Autonomous Learning
1. Study
1.1 Reading of books, notes, excerpts and assessment tests from the course recommended reading list (C1, C1.1, C2, C2.1,C3, C4, C4.1, C4.2, C7, C8, C9)
1.2 Assessment tests resolution (C1, C1.1, C2, C2.1, C3, C4, C6, C7, C8, C9)
1.3 Preparation of practical laboratory work (C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11)
1.4 Resolution of extra exercises about IP addressing (C4.2, C4.4, C6, C7)
2. E-learning
2.1 Usage of studying elements made available by the teachers (C7)
Assessment
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
28 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
Description
The methods of assessment of knowledge and skills are:
CONTINUOUS EVALUATION:
- An individual written test (WT) with a minimum of 9.5
- A bibliographic research work (BR) and ten laboratory projects (LP) with the drafting of reports, with a global minimum of9.5
Final: 50%*WT+50%*(BR + LP)
FINAL EVALUATION:
- An individual written test (WT) with a minimum of 9.5
- A practice test (PT) with a minimum of 9.5
Final: 50%*WT + 50%*PT
Note: The student obtains approval in the course if he has a final grade equal or greater than 10.
Number of Evaluations
Continuous/Periodic 12
Final 2
Bibliography
Main
“Tecnologia dos Equipamentos Informáticos”, Rui Vasco Monteiro, Filipe Neves, João Pereira, Nuno Rodrigues eRicardo Martinho; 1ª Edição, FCA – Editora de Informática, 2004“Upgrading and Repairing PCs”, 20th Edition, Scott Mueller, Que, 2011“Computer Networks, 5th Edition, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Prentice Hall International, 2010Slides, Texts and Notes of the Course Unit provided by the Professor
Complementary
“Building the Perfect PC”, 3rd Edition, Robert Thompson, Barbara Thompson, O’Reilly, 2010“Redes de Computadores - Curso Completo, 7ª Edição Revista e Actualizada, José Gouveia, Alberto Magalhães, FCA -Editora de Informática, 2009“Inside the Machine: An Illustrated Introduction to Microprocessors and Computer Architecture”, 1st Edition, JonStokes, No Starch Press, 2007“Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach”, 5th Edition, John L. Hennessy, David A. Patterson, Morgan
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
29 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04
Kaufmann, 2011“Computer Organization and Design, Revised Fourth Edition: The Hardware/ Software Interface”, 4rd Edition, David A.Patterson, John L. Hennessy, Elsevier/Morgan Kaufmann, 2011“The Complete PC Upgrade & Maintenance Guide”, 16th Edition, Mark Minasi, Sybex, 2005“The Indispensable PC Hardware Book”, 4th Edition, Hans Peter Messmer, Addison–Wesley, 2001
Approval
Approved by CTC in : 06-01-2012
Imprimir http://www.agcp.ipleiria.pt/Paginas/ProgramasPrintN.aspx?tm=13285...
30 de 30 06-02-2012 10:04